Dawb los yog xim liab hybrid los ntawm eminent cov niam txiv - Timur grape ntau yam

Grapes Los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial, nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Txawm li cas los, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev viticulture yog pib nrog pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th - lub sij hawm ntawm kev nteg tshwj xeeb hauv lub vaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Hiav Txwv mus rau Hiav Txwv ntawm Azov.

Muaj ib qho kev sim ua txhaum lub vaj txiv hmab nyob ze Moscow, tiam sis txhua txhua lub caij ntuj no cov ntoo ntawm lub vov Kiev thiab Chuguev yuav tsum ua tib zoo npog nrog matting thiab spruce ceg ntoo. Lub vaj no tsis ntev ntev.

Tsab xov xwm thaam txog Timur txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob hauv kev nthuav dav, nrog rau kev piav qhia txog ntau yam thiab duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los

Nws tsis yog lub caij nyoog uas lub hauv paus rau kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab hybrid ntawm grapes yog nyob rau hauv keeb kwm cheeb tsam ntawm viticulture ntawm Russia.

VNIIViV lawv. Potapenko tau muaj nyob rau hauv Novocherkassk txij thaum 1936 thiab thaum lub sij hawm no nws tau sau npe nyob rau hauv lub Xeev Register ntau tshaj 50 ntau yam ntawm no qoob loo, 21 - ntawm nws tus kheej xaiv. Ntawm lawv, lub koob meej yog Harold, Liab Delight, Pearl thiab Denisovsky.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub koom haum tshawb fawb - los txhawb txiv hmab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thaj tsam - yog tau ntse daws: Yekaterinburg thiab Vyatka tau ua tus ciam ntawm cultivation rau hnub no.

Lwm ntau yam tiv taus Lavxias teb sab winters tau ua "Timur". Thiab nws tau txais nws lub npe raws li kev paub ntawm tus cwj pwm txawv: invulnerability rau frosts thiab putrefying kab mob, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv translation los ntawm Turkic nws txhais tau tias "Iron".

Lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev hla kev tau raug muab ob feem ntau lub rooj sib txawv, yam ntxwv los ntawm kev ua tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm agrotechnical:

1. Moldavian txiv hmab Muscat pawg "Frumoasa Albe" ("Dawb Kev Zoo Nkauj"), uas muaj qhab nia ntawm 8.2 cov ntsiab lus.

   Qhov ntau yam yog unprecedentedly resistant rau cov kab mob thiab tsawg kub. Tus neeg siv khoom zoo ntawm hnyav txhuam thiab ib qho tseem ceeb tawm los - lwm qhov kev xaiv rau kev xaiv ntawm "Frumoas Albe" hauv nkawm niam txiv.

   Tib txoj kev mus rau rho tawm tau tsuas yog hais tias Kev Zoo nkauj ntawm North, Super Extra thiab Arched.

2. Rooj Grapes Delight - qhov zoo ntawm Novocherkassk yug me nyuam proven xyoo dhau los.

   Nws maj mam mas lub chaw uas zoo heev rau viticulture: Belarus, Baltic States, Siberia, Far East.

   Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub qab zib tsos nqaij daim tawv thiab ntau ntawm tes, nws surpasses "Dawb Beauty", yog zoo khaws cai ntawm Bush tom qab ripening thiab tswj nws nthuav qhia ntev tshaj li Moldovan ntau yam.

Lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov niam txiv cov nroj tsuag los tsim perennial ntoo thiab zoo heev rooting yog ntxiv rau qhov pom los ntawm daim ntawv tshiab hybrid, hu ua "Timur".

Hauv Cov Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab, cov hauj sam siv los loj hlob vines hauv tsev hauv monasteries. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua paub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiv hmab ua rau breeder Demidov ntawm lub tsev txhab nyiaj hauv Moscow River. Thiab ua ntej cov creation ntawm lub All-Lavxias koom haum ntawm kev kawm thiab Technical tshawb, lawv koom xaiv ua hauj lwm hauv Odessa.

Muaj zog thiab qaug zog

Tshiab hybrid muaj txij nkawm los ntawm cov niam txiv zoo siab:

1. kev muaj peev xwm rau tus kheej-pollination (bisexual flower);
2. universality compatibility nrog cov khoom lag luam;
3. cov hnub thaum ntxov nkag mus rau theem tsim nyog (rau xyoo thib 2);
4. thaum ntxov maturation (tsis pub dhau 100 hnub);
5. active fruiting;
6. ua tau zoo heev ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm txhuam;
7. loj, ntom, oval-puab berries nrog ib tug exquisite nutmeg aroma;
8. nyias, yooj yim rau tom, tawv nqaij;
9. qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntau tshaj li niam txiv cov cai (25%);
10. kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm putrefaction nyob rau hauv 2.2 ntsiab lus;
11. Frost kuj Performance index hauv-25oС.

Raws li cov ntsiab lus qab zib siab, Angelica, Krasa Nikopol thiab Lydia muaj tib qho kev kos npe.

Disadvantages grape ntau yam "Timur" muaj xws li:

• undersized Bush;
• nyom kom muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av thiab pub mis;
• xav tau kev pabcuam.

Amirkhan, Husayne Bely thiab Vityaz kuj muaj paj bisexual.

Diam duab

Timur txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam yees duab:

Nqe lus piav txog Timur txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam

1. Lub Bush yog haib (txog 3 meters), nrog ib tug loj pes tsawg tus muaj zog tua noj ib tug tag nrho load ntawm 40 buds. Cim tau:
   • txo cov nqe lus ntawm kev npaj txhij rau kev fruiting;
   • thaum xaus ntawm lub voj voog ncig (los ntawm nruab nrab lub yim hli ntuj);
   • high efficiency ntawm fruitful tua (70%);
   • tsis kam mus rau fungal kab mob, uas sib raug mus 2.2 ntsiab lus.
2. Tus tua yog muaj zog, peev xwm ntawm ripening 1-2 pawg; tsom ntawm kev txhawb nqa yuav ua tau kom muaj ib qho chaw dai kom zoo nkauj tsim.
3. Paj hermaphroditic, dho hauv txhuam.
4. Cov nplooj ntsuab tsaus, tsib-ntsej muag nrog qhov tob thiab cov hniav ntawm ntug.
5. Pawg yog friable, cylindrical nyob rau hauv cov duab, on ib comb ntawm medium loj. Loj txhuam loj (nruab nrab 800 gr)
6. Lub elongated loj berries yog heterogeneous nyob rau hauv cov xim nyob rau hauv txhuam: Kuv muaj xim ntawm tag nrho cov ntxoov liab, txawm liab doog. Daim tawv nqaij yog thicker tshaj li ntawm niam txiv ntau yam, tab sis noj. Qab zib cov ntsiab lus yog siab dua. Tastes yog txiav txim los ntawm 8.2 ntsiab lus.
7. Lub hybrid yog tseem nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb, yog li ntawd Frost tsis kam thiab tsis muaj zog rau fungal kab mob yog txiav txim los ntawm cov niam txiv li siab.
8. Kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj qhov nruab nrab.

Xim liab Cov berries raug muab los ntawm cov khoom tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov tawv - anthocyanin. Nws pab peb lub cev sib ntaus sib tua, oxidative kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha thiab cov kabmob qog hlwb.

Paj yeeb hom muaj Pink Flamingo, Annie thiab Arcadia.

Grapes nyob rau hauv txhua hnub noj haus - lub ntsiab ntawm ib tug noj qab haus huv noj haus.

Noj ntau yam xws li "Timur", tsis tshua yooj yim rau kev noj kev haus:

• lub Berry yog loj thiab muaj kua, tsis muaj acid ntau;
• daim tawv nqaij yog muag heev thiab yooj yim rau tom;
• nplej yog me thiab me me (2-3).

Subspecies ntawm grapes

Dawb

Grapes "Timur" piav qhia ntawm ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, raws li ib tug ntau yam nroj tsuag yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug me me quab yuam ntawm kev loj hlob, Frost tsis kam, thaum ntxov ripening thiab ruaj fruiting.

1. Luv luv Bush txiav txim siab txog tus yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev los cog nws - kom deb ntawm cov neeg coob uas tau txhaws cov nroj tsuag, shading los yog braiding nrog lawv cov yub.
2. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yog muaj kev cuam tshuam sai sai rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab muaj peev xwm loj hlob kom tag nrho kom tiav 3 pawg (efficiency yog 95%).
3. Paj me me, lub teeb ntsuab, nrog ib tug poj niam hloov - pistil, thiab txiv neej - stamens, uas yog tsa saum toj no ovary.
4. Nplooj tsis heev loj, tsis heev txiav, wrinkled, tsis muaj tshwj xeeb sib txawv ntawm qhov rov qab sab.
5. Bunches ntom los sis kub cev, mob elongated, nrog elongated berries ntawm ntau ntau thiab tsawg; pawg nyhav txog li 600 g; nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoo ntawm lub neej, thaum rationing, muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 2 kg.
6. Berries loj (txog 8g.), dawb-ntsuab los yog daj-ntsuab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm mature, nrog noj tev thiab ib tug palatable nutmeg saj; tsis nquag pea.
7. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas saj tasting nplai - 8.5 ntsiab lus.
8. On qhov muaj zog-loj hlob Tshuag, ntau yam kho txhim kev nthuav qhia ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis nce lub ripening lub sij hawm.
9. Koj yuav tsum tau npaj kom ntev cov pob txha yuav txo qhov tawm los ntawm kev tua.
10. Qhov zoo ntawm cov av yuav cuam tshuam rau saj ntawm ripe berries.
11. Zoo khaws cia nyob rau hauv Bush tom qab ripening tsis poob ntawm saj, tab sis nyob rau hauv tsheb thauj mus tsis yog heev ruaj khov (tsuas yog rau luv luv nraub qaum).

Qhov ntau yam yog zoo nyob rau hauv tus tsim ntawm qhib lub ntsiab ntawm lub tsev: lawv muaj peev xwm braid ib tug los ntawm lawj los yog gazebo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, "Timur" yuav muab kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus.

Paj yeeb

Peb puas yog tib cov ntshav?

Nws yog heev ntuj hais tias xws li ib tug cia siab hybrid daim ntawv raws li "Timur", tau txais ib qho kev txuas ntxiv rau lwm qhov sim xaiv "OV" Grape Elite "(Zaporozhye).

Dawb rooj txiv hmab "Timur" tau ua nyob rau hauv niam txiv nkawm.

Rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tshiab hybrid - "Tim Pink" (xaiv code ZT-4-5), lub "Liab Delight" ntau yam los ntawm Kuban xaiv tau kuj xaiv, muab tus qauv tshiab xim liab.

Txuam lub ntsiab tsis nrog dawb "Timur" nws cov tub ntxhais hluas liab qab ntxiv ntxiv:

• nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Bush (rau medium thiab txawm loj qhov siab)
• nyob rau hauv qhov loj ntawm txhuam (qhov hnyav nruab nrab 800 gr);
• nyob rau hauv qhov loj thiab Sweet ntawm berries;
• nyob rau hauv lub tuab ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm berries, thiab li nce nce tsheb thauj mus los.

Tus ntxhais daim ntawv tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov kev pom zoo ntawm tus niam txiv thaum ntxov kom tiav (lub sijhawm ntxov tshaj plaws yog 110 hnub), thiab qhov zoo txhuam "Tim Pink" tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev pom tseeb. Tab sis lub elongated berries muab tawm mus ua ib tug zoo siab tob liab tone, uas ua rau lawv lub dai kom zoo ntawm lub vaj teb thiab rooj mov festive.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshiab hybrid nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm xaiv, ib tug yeeb ncuab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kab laug sab mite. Yog li ntawd, xaiv ntawm qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm berries thiab tsis kam mus rau tus kab mob, gardeners xav Timur mus rau dawb.

Siv

Cov cai rau kev siv cov lus sib txawv:

• thaum nruab hnub, koj tuaj yeem noj txog li 1.5 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo (los yog 700 ml ntawm kua txiv), faib qhov ntim no mus rau 3 koob (ua ntej noj mov raws li lub tswv yim ntawm peb pluas noj ib hnub);
• Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog noj tsawg kawg yog 40 feeb (ntau tshaj 1.5 teev) ua ntej noj mov;
• txawm tias qhov no yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no tau pom los ntawm peb li ib qho khoom noj qab zib, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov txiv hmab tom qab noj mov tom qab noj zaub mov thiab rog;
• grapes tsis tau tshaj cov dej qab zib thiab chocolate;
• muab cov calorie ntsiab lus ntawm no txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws yog nej tau hloov lawv, piv txwv li, noj hmo;
• muaj cov txiv hmab ntawm lub rooj ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau muaj nrog daim tawv nqaij thiab lub pob zeb, uas muaj cov kab mob siab antioxidants thiab cov ntsiab lus zoo;
• tom qab lub delicacy, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau yaug lub qhov ncauj, thiaj li tsis txhob muaj cov nyhuv ntawm cov kua qaub ntawm tus hniav txham;

Cov txiv hmab muaj ntau qhov kev tsis haum xeeb, yog li ntawd nws tsuas yog noj los ntawm ib tus kws kho mob xwb.

Grapes kho ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kab mob, tsa kev loj hlob, qhib metabolic kev nyob rau hauv lub cev. Kev kho mob los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo - nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus ampelotherapy - tau ua hnub no qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw kho mob hauv chaw ua haujlwm hauv ntau lub teb chaws.

Nrov rooj ntau yam yog Karmakod, Korinka thiab Alexander.

Rau ntau yam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau ua:

1. cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab ua cov khoom noj khoom haus;
2. compote ntawm grapes (tshiab los yog pasteurized, los ntawm ib co txiv hmab txiv ntoo - nrog ntxiv ntawm lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo);
3. fillet - rhaub thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov txuj lom thiab crushed walnuts;
4. marinated txiv hmab txiv ntoo raws li ib qho kev nplua nuj ntawm cov tais diav lossis ib hom khoom txom ncauj;
5. jelly (tsis ntxiv gelatin) los ntawm kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua siav raws li ib daim ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb;
6. syrup los ntawm cov roj hmab qab ntsev ntau hom;
7. grape jam;
8. churchkhelu - kev noj qab haus huv qhov ncauj paub txog txhua tus;
9. dej cawv tsawg - ib yam khoom ntawm fermentation ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv qab zib syrup;
10. thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm recipes rau kev ua yam ntxwv ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov loj hlob grapes.

Kev kho mob

1. Inoculation on qub stocks yog zoo dua ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
2. Rau rootstocks optimally xaiv muaj zog-loj hlob nroj tsuag.
3. Los ntawm cog ntoo seedlings yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tshaj sau.
4. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no yog nyob hauv qab phab ntsa ntawm sab qab teb los yog sab qab teb sab hnub poob.
5. "Timur" prefers lub teeb thiab sov so, zoo fertilized nrog cov organic teeb meem, nrog ib tug txaus cov ntsiab lus ntawm poov tshuaj thiab nitrogen (tsis muaj overabundance).
6. Nrog li niaj zaus watering nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm cov loj hlob rau lub caij, los ntawm lub sij hawm lub berries ripen, nres dej (tshwj tsis yog rau drought).
7. Txawm hais tias qhov kev ua hauj siab tsis kam rau Frost, ntau yam xav tau chaw rau lub caij ntuj no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thaj tsam.

Hlub txoj haujlwm ntawm koj txhais tes - thiab grapes "Timur" yuav teb nrog ib tus bountiful sau ntawm Sweet berries.