Muaj ntau tus gardeners nrhiav nws nyuaj los txiav txim qhov xaiv ntawm ib tug muaj ntau yam rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob rau lawv cov av.
Raws li txoj cai, kev xaiv yog muab rau universal ntau hom, txij li thaum lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm tsis tu, zoo heev saj thiab zoo nkauj zoo, ib xyoo tshaj sau.
Ib qho ntawm xws li ntau yam yog Orlinka.
Zoo li cas?
Orlinka belongs rau lub caij ntuj sov ntau yam. Yuav siv sijhawm txog 15-20 lub Yim Hli.
Tus neeg siv sij hawm luv luv thiab kav ntev txog thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Qoob loo cia
Tu siab, lub txee lub neej ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntau yam yog luv luv. Nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm los ntawm 1 mus rau 8 degrees ntawm tshav kub, tus sau yuav pw tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 3-4 lub lim piam.
Sau zoo tshaj plaws folded nyob rau hauv ntoo thawv thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug txias los yog cellar. Yuav muab cia rau hauv lub tub yees. Nws tsis pom zoo los khaws cia hauv hnab yas kaw.
Ib tug txiv neej yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov puas, crushed txiv hmab txiv ntoo deteriorate sai sai. Yog tias koj xav kom ntev lub caij nyoog, ua tib zoo sau thiab tshawb xyuas txhua lub kua.
Hauv cov khw muag khoom noj khoom haus tshwj xeeb, cov qhua tuaj yeem muab nrog cov nyiaj ntxiv uas tso cai ntxiv rau lub caij nyoog ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo (piv txwv, "Gardener" preservative sorbent lossis "Fitop").
Txawm hais tias lawv yog nyob rau hauv kev thov ntawm gardeners, nws yog pheej hmoo los kho lawv. Tsis yog txhua yam tshuaj muaj kev ruaj ntseg rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Nws yog zoo dua rau sprinkle vermiculite nrog acetic acid on to top ntawm drawers. Nws yog ib qho organic, natural material, tsis tsim kev puas tsuaj.
Pollination
Orlinka yog ib qho ntawm ob peb tus kheej ntawm cov nroj tsuag kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txawm li ntawd los, nws yuav ua tau ib tug zoo pollinator rau lwm lub caij ntuj sov ntau yam.
Koj tuaj yeem muab tso rau Melba, Papirovka lossis Moscow Grushovka ntawm nws.
Qhia ntau yam Orlinka "
Rau ib tug paub qab hau gardener, nws yog tsis nyuaj kom paub qhov txawv ib qho ntau yam los ntawm lwm tus. Cov cim zoo li cas koj tuaj yeem paub txog Orlink?
Kua ntoo zoo li no:
- Cov ntoo muaj siab. Lub crown yog tuab thiab npawv.
- Cov ceg muaj nyob rau ntawm lub cev ntawm lub pob tw thiab kev loj hlob los ua ib qho ntawm txoj cai yuav luag. Ends rush.
- Lub bark ntawm ceg loj, ceg thiab nyob rau hauv pob tw yog grey, tus.
- Tua yog fleecy, loj, thickened, xim av, weakly cais.
- Lub raum ruaj nruj nias, loj, elongated, conical.
- Cov nplooj yog cov loj, sib npaug ovoid, taw tes, nrog lub tswv yim helical. Hniav cov hniav, pubescent, ntsws thiab me ntsis concave. Ua ke ntawm cov ntug ntawm nplooj yog loj-leaved nrog loj-crested serration.
- Lub buds ntawm paj yog loj, elongated, fleecy. Paj ci, daj ntseg xim liab. Kua ntoo blooms profusely thiab heev fragrant.
Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov nram qab no:
- Apples ntawm medium loj - txog ib puas thiab tsib caug grams. Tab sis feem ntau loj dua cov qauv - pom txog 200 grams.
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib-seem, beveled, npawv, me ntsis ribbed. Daim tawv nqaij yog glossy.
- Lub ntsiab xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij paub tab yog ntsuab-daj. Thaum tso, nws yuav tshaj tawm ntau thiab daj. Ib tug liab blush npog tag nrho saum npoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Cov nqaij yog creamy-dawb, Sweet thiab qaub. Thaum lub tasting, Orlinka tau muab plaub feem pua thiab ib nrab hnub los ntsuam xyuas qhov tsos thiab saj.
- Lub qia me me, nkhaus. Noob yog me me, tsaus xim av.
Diam duab
Cov tsos ntawm ntau yam txiv apples "Orlinka" yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov yees duab hauv qab no:
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Orlinka tshwm vim yog ib pawg ntawm Lavxias teb sab breeders: Z.M. Serova, E.N. Sedov. thiab Krasova N.G.
Ua li no, cov kws tshawb fawb, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau xaiv ntau hom ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas Stark Erliest Prekos pollen domestic ntau yam Ua ntej Salyut.
Cov haujlwm yog ua tiav xyoo 1978 nyob rau hauv lub koom haum tshawb fawb txog kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tom qab 16 xyoo, Orlinka tau mus rau State Test.
Kev loj hlob thaj av ntuj
Qhov ntau yam yog zoned nyob rau hauv Central Chernozem thaj tsam ntawm pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, qhov twg nws yog ntxiv disseminated.
Nws yog zus nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw: Oryol, Perm, Moscow, Vladimir, Kaliningrad, lwm yam zoo li Qhov ntau yam adapts zoo, loj hlob on fertile thiab medium-fertile av.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb uas muaj caij txias thaum caij txias, raws li lub Orlinka tsis muaj lub caij ntuj no hardiness zoo.
Tawm
Orlinka yog suav tias yog skoroplodnoy thiab muab siab yields, uas dhau ntawm Melbu. Nrog rau ib cov tub ntxhais hluas Apple txiv ntoo tau sau los ntawm 30 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib lub caij.
Lub tsob ntoo pib nkag mus rau tom qab 4-5 xyoos tom qab cog.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Kev kawm los saib xyuas ntawm lub Orlinka apple ntoo tsis nyuaj. Ua raws li cov lus qhia yooj yooj yim thiab cov lus pom zoo rau kev loj hlob thiab kev kho mob.
Qhov no yuav ua rau kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv kab tsuag, yuav pab txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.
Kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo kua hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm ntawm tsaws.
Ua tib zoo mloog cov lus pom zoo.
Tseg sijhawm:
- Ib tug Kua ntoo ntawm ntau lub caij ntuj sov yog nyiam dua cog thaum xaus ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. By lub sij hawm no, lub snow yuav tsum tag nrho mus, hmo frosts xaus, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab hnub kub yuav sov huab cua thiab lub ntiaj teb.
- nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, koj muaj peev xwm cog nws tsis pub dhau lub Cuaj Hli, yog li ntawd lub seedling tau hloov thiab khom cia ua ntej thawj huab cua txias los.
Qhov chaw ntawm tsaws:
Tsob ntoo hlob zoo nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb pom kev, qhib cheeb tsam. Nws yog qhov zoo dua cog nws los ntawm sab qab teb, qab teb sab hnub poob los yog sab qab teb ntawm daim av.
Nws yuav tsum tau txais hnub ci tshav kub thiab taws. Nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo, qhov zoo thiab ntau ntawm qoob loo yog txo, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsob ntoo tsob ntoo yuav qeeb.
Av nta:
- Rau cov loj hlob Kua ntoo, nws yog ib advisable mus xaiv ib qho chaw nrog fertile av. Yog hais tias qhov av yog "pluag", nco ntsoov thov cov organic fertilizer (peat, humus, tshauv) ua ntej cog.
- Yog hais tias cov av yog heev acidic, koj yuav tsum tau tua nws nrog txiv qaub.
- Lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum muaj lub teeb, xoob, zoo dhau kis oxygen thiab noo noo mus rau lub keeb kwm. Hnyav, av nplaum av yuav tsis ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ntxiv cov xuab zeb.
- Nco ntsoov xyuam xim rau cov theem hauv av. Yog hais tias cov dej los ze rau ntawm qhov chaw tsaws, ua ib txheej zoo ntawm cov av saum toj no.
Yuav ua li cas cog ib seedling:
- Rau cog, koj yuav tsum khawb tob tob thiab dav qhov (kwv yees li 40 los ntawm 40 cm) thiaj li hais tias keeb kwm muab tso rau hauv qab dawb do.
- Ces nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm aub tsiv mus ua ib lub ntiaj teb mound thiab thov fertilizer.
- Muab lub seedling vertically nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, kis lub keeb kwm, drip nrog lub ntiaj teb thiab ram ib me ntsis. Them sai sai rau theem ntawm lub caj dab radical. Nws yuav tsum nyob saum av.
Kev tu ib qho kua ntoo ntawm no ntau yam tsis yog yooj yim. Loj nws nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav ua tau raws li ib tug paub qab hau gardener, thiab ib tug novice.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom muab lub tuam tsev zov, saib xyuas thiab ua raws cov lus qhia yooj yim uas yuav pab kom koj loj hlob ib tsob ntoo yam tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi.
Watering
Dej cov kua ntoo tsis tu ncua thiab mob me me. Nws yeej tsis nyiam dej ntau dhau lawm. Yuav kom tsis txhob noo noo ntawm stagnating, ntau gardeners ua ib zawj rau dej outflow nyob ze ntawm tsob ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub, dej tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum tsaus ntuj kom tsis txhob Burns.
Tshaj cov av
Los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm nws yog tsim nyog los maj lub ntiaj teb, los ntxuav cov nyom, qhuav nplooj. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau ua thaum ntxov ntawm kev loj hlob.
Nyob rau hauv kub lub caij ntuj sov, hauv av yuav tsum zoo tawg, thiaj li hais tias sab saum toj txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog tsis nyuaj thiab qhuav.
Qhov no yuav cia zoo dua noo noo mus rau lub keeb kwm thaum watering thiab los nag.
Thaum muaj huab cua zoo, ua kom lub ntiaj teb thiaj li yuav tshem tawm cov av ntub dej ntau hauv av.
Cov chiv
Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, koj muaj peev xwm tsis pub lub kua ntoo, thiab los ntawm ob xyoo los ua potash, nitrogen thiab phosphate chiv. Pib ntawm 4-5 xyoos koj tuaj yeem ua rau urea thiab humate.
Chiv yog siv nrog dej, diluted nyob rau hauv dej.
Pruning
Pruning nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua ntej lub advent ntawm ob lub raum. Qub qhuav ceg thiab ceg ntoo raug tshem tawm. Sapling tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau pruning.
Qhov no yuav pab tau kom tsim tau cov yas thiab ua haujlwm raws li kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no
Ua ntej qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias, gardeners cultivate cov av nyob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo thiab ua ib tug tuab tuab txheej ntawm mulch (sawdust, quav nyab, humus, bark). Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob mob khaub thuas, thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav yuav ua zaub mov noj.
Koj tuaj yeem saib xyuas thiab tiv thaiv cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov nas. Ua li no, lub pob tw yog qhwv nrog spruce.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev tua kab tsuag kom tsis txhob ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li ntawd ntau gardeners tshuaj tsuag tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej flowering thiab blooming ntawm thawj buds. Tsis tas li ntawd, nco ntsoov pub thiab ua pruning ntawm qub ceg thiab knots.
Ntawm cov ntau pests ntawm Kua ntoo Tej zaum nws yuav raug sau tseg: moth, aphid, tsvetoeda, sawfly, scythe, thiab lwm tus. Kab Tsuag tswj yog nqa tawm thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tsob ntoo yog txuam nrog karbophos, metaphos, chlorophos.
Ntawm cov kab mob ib qho kev txaus ntshai yog scab. Lub fungus feem ntau cuam tshuam vim tsis muaj oxygen thiab ib qho dhau ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv hauv paus cheeb tsam.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov kev kho mob ua Bordeaux kua thiab tooj liab oxychloride.
Lwm hom mob fungal yog powdery mildew. Tawm tsam nws, tshuaj yeeb tshuaj thim los yog yoo mov.
Kua Orlinka yog qhov kev xaiv zoo heev rau kev loj hlob hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Nws attracts sai nrog tu yooj yim, zoo saj thiab zoo nkauj zoo, zoo tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab mob.
Yog tias koj muab nws tu thiab saib xyuas nws, nws yuav zoo siab koj nrog qhov khoom plig zoo heev rau lub sijhawm ntev.
