Dab tsi yog qhov khoom noj tshaj plaws hauv peb cov av? Carrot, dos, cabbage? Tsis yog, qos yaj ywm.
Cov qoob loo no tau ntev ntev rau peb ib theem nrog cov nplej, thiab yog li ntawd nws tuaj yeem tsim tau qhov "thib ob mov ci".
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, cov qos yaj ywm tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntawm Western Europe.
Nws yog los ntawm lub sij hawm uas lub qos yaj ywm pib sib kis mus deb mus rau sab hnub tuaj.
Thiab, raws li peb pom tam sim no, nws zaum nyob rau hauv peb lub teb khov kho thiab rhuav tshem.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam yuav tuaj yeem siv cag ntawm peb lub vev xaib, yog li koj yuav tsum xaiv kom zoo.
Ib daim ntawv teev cov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ntau yam qos yaj ywm tau raug npaj rau koj, uas yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm koj ua ntej pib ua liaj ua teb tshiab.
Ntau yam "Impala"
Lub teb ntawm ntau yam no yog lub Netherlands.
Txawm tias cov tuaj txawv teb chaws, qhov no qos yaj ywm muaj peev xwm loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeebtxawm qhov phem tshaj plaws.
Nws yog rau ntau yam ntawm qos yaj ywm, raws li tubers nce txaus kom sau qhov ceeb thawj tom qab 50 hnub tom qab germination.
Lub Bush ntawm no ntau yam yog es high (ntawm nruab nrab, 70 - 75 cm), upright, pib li 4 mus rau 5 stems, cov ntaub ntawv dawb paj.
Cov kab plaub hau muaj suab thaj, nrog rau tawv nqaij, uas qhov muag me me tau tawg. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog xim daj hauv xim, nrog rau nruab nrab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab (15%), qhov no yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv saj.
Ib tug qos ntawm no ntau yam muaj peev xwm nce ntawm 90 mus rau 150 g, thiab xws li tubers los ntawm ib Bush tau los ntawm 16 mus rau 21. Qhov no ntau mob cancer ua hauj, qos nematode, kab A thiab Yn. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub ntsuas ntawm tsis kam mus rau phytophthora ntawm saum thiab tubers, scab, thiab nplooj ntoos curling tus kab mob yog nruab nrab.
Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb, gardeners sau 2 lub sij hawm ib lub caij. Cov qoob loo yog 18 - 36 tons ntawm ib 1 hectare ntawm av. Lub Scope ntawm kev siv ntawm no qos yog heev thoob, boiled qos yaj ywm tsis darken.
Cog cov khoom tuaj yeem germinated yav tas los ua ntej cog, tab sis koj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv qos yaj ywm tias koj tau cia li tawm ntawm kev cia. Tab sis hauv av yuav tsum zoo warmed li thiaj li hais tias cov khoom cog pib loj hlob.
Nws tsis yog tawm tswv yim kom ua txhaum cov tub ntxhais hluas tua on qos yaj ywm. Cog yuav tsum tau nqa tawm raws li lub scheme - 30 cm ntawm nyob ib ncig ntawm tubers, 65 cm ntawm nyob ib sab kab. Pib ntawm Tej zaum yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau cog qos yaj ywm, txij thaum tom qab xws li cog tua yuav tshwm nyob rau ntawm lub kawg ntawm lub hlis.
Kev tu cov qos yaj ywm yog loosening cov av, watering lub bushes thiab fertilizing. Qhov qib no xav tau ntawm cov dej nitrogen hauv avYog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kev npaj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, tus nqi ntawm nitrogen chiv yuav tsum tau txo.
Thawj cultivation ntawm cov av yuav tsum coj qhov chaw 5 mus rau 6 hnub tom qab cog. Tom qab loosening hauv av yog tsim nyog thaum ib tug crust cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau saum npoo ntawm hauv av.
Spud lub bushes yog tsim nyog yog hais tias nws yog nyob sab nraum sab nraum, thiab tsis muaj lub sij hawm los mus rau dej lub vaj. Yog hais tias tus saum ntawm qos yaj ywm tau poob elasticity, ces koj yuav tsum tau dej lub bushes, thiab tsis pub tsawg tshaj 50 liv dej rau ib 1 sq.
Chiv yuav tsum tau siv raws li cov av fertility qhia. Tag nrho cov khaub ncaws hnav yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj 3.
Tsi yog "Felox"
Qhov no ntau yam yog bred los ntawm German breeders.
Thaum ntxov ripe qos yaj ywm (65 - 70 hnub) ntawm no ntau yam caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm ntau yam ntawm lub rooj lub hom phiaj, muaj zoo saj thiab qib siab ntawm starch nyob rau hauv tubers.
Cov nroj tsuag ntawm no qos yog erect, ntawm medium qhov siab, nrog liab-liab doog paj. Cov nplooj yog tsaus ntsuab, medium loj, nrog ib tug glossy saum npoo. Cov qos yaj ywm yog oblong-oval nyob rau hauv cov duab, nrog daj daim tawv, them nrog lub qhov muag, thiab nqaij ntawm ib lub teeb daj xim.
Thaum txiav qos yaj ywm, lub pulp tsis darken. Nyob rau nruab nrab, ib tug zoo tuber nyhav 90 - 115 g, tab sis tej zaum ib tug qos muaj peev xwm kwv yees 200 g.
On ib tug nroj tsuag tau daim ntawv los ntawm 19 mus rau 25 tubers. Cov qoob loo yog qhov zoo heev, los ntawm ib tug hectare ntawm av koj yuav tau txais 550 - 650 centners ntawm qos yaj ywm.
Qhov no muaj ntau lub cev tiv thaiv mob cancer thiab qos yaj ywm nematode. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag ntawm no qos tsis ntshai ntawm kom kub. Cov kev qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam mus rau lig blight, ntau yam viruses thiab silver scab yog heev tsawg.
Qhov no qos yuav khaws cia rau ib lub sij hawm ntev., ntau tshaj 90% ntawm cov qoob loo muaj sia nyob tom qab lub caij ntuj no.
Cov lus nug ntawm qhov kev npaj ua ntej ntawm cov khoom cog yog txog rau koj. Ua ntej cog, hauv av yuav tsum sov so rau feem ntau, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no ntau yam nws yuav pib mus rau germinate nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm +2 ̊C.
Yog hais tias tus qos yaj ywm sprouted thaum lub sij hawm cia, ces cov me me tua tsis tau tawm mus ua txhaum tawm ua ntej los yog thaum lub sij hawm cog. Tus qauv pib ntawm tus qauv yog 30x60-65 cm Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los npaj koj daim tsaws hauv lub Tsib Hlis.
Yuav tsis muaj kev tshwj xeeb rau kev saib xyuas ntawm no ntau yam ntawm qos yaj ywm. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov kub, hauv av yuav tsum tau muab ywg dej nrog ntau ntawm cov dej, yog tias muaj me ntsis dej nag thaum lub hli.
Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau loosen hauv av thaum nws qhuav, los yog ib daim tawv qhwv tuab rau saum npoo uas yuav tsis cia cua ntws mus rau tubers.
Peb kuj xav tau tiv thaiv thiab curative kev kho mob tawm tsam pests thiab kab mob. Pub rau qos yaj ywm tsis xav tau, muaj ib qho av heev fertile. Txwv tsis pub, tsis pub ntau tshaj peb zaug ib lub caij muaj peev xwm ua tau rau fertilized.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog qhov cultivation ntawm qos yaj ywm los ntawm cov noob.
Qeb "Nevsky"
Medium thaum ntxov qos yaj ywm ntawm domestic yug me nyuam nrog ib tug ripening lub sij hawm ntawm 80 - 90 hnub. Cov shrubs yog cov tsawg, compact, nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm nplooj; lawv cia ntau sab tua, paj yog dawb.
Tubers yog oval, nrog lub teeb daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij, me me, liab dawb ob lub qhov muag thiab cream-xim nqaij. Qhov loj ntawm ib tug noj qab haus huv, paub tuber ncav cuag 90 - 130 g.
Rau ib qho nroj tsuag xws li qos yaj ywm daim ntawv los ntawm 9 mus rau 15 pieces. Txog li 1.5 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj peev xwm muab tau los ntawm ib tug Bush.
Cov tawm los ntawm no ntau yam yog heev high - 38 - 50 tons ntawm qos yaj ywm muaj peev xwm harvested ib hectare.
Qhov no qos tau yooj yim ntxuav thiab tev, zoo meej rau kev ua zaub nyoos thiab kua zaub. Nws tsis yog advisable ua mashed qos yaj ywm ntawm no ntau yam thiab Fry no paus zaub.
Raws li kev ruaj ntseg, cancer, rhizoctoniosis, alternarioz thiab dub ceg yuav tsis ua mob ntau yam.
Qhov nruab nrab tsis tuaj yeem ua rau pom kab mob virus, phytophthora thiab scab. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau no ntau yam, high kub thiab ib qho kev tshaj ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av tsis txaus ntshai. Cia li zoo, tab sis germinates rau kub txias.
Ua ntej yuav tsaws koj xav tau nco ntsoov sov lub qos yaj ywm, raws li qhov no ntau yam yog nkag siab mus rau qhov kub ntawm cov av thiab lub zwj ceeb ntawm cov khoom cog. Rhuav sprouts on tubers yog tsis ntshaw, vim rhiab heev rau txoj hauj lwm no yog nce nyob rau hauv cov qos yaj ywm ntawm no ntau yam. Tswv yim thiab yuav tsaws lub sij hawm zoo li qub.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj cov av noo thaum lub sij hawm tuber tsim lub sij hawm. Cov txheej txheem no yog tsim nyog thiaj li hais tias scab tsis puas cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag. Twb tau zom zaws tsob ntoo yuav tsuas yog ploj zuj zus thiab txheej txheem, txij li txawm tias tsis muaj dej noo thiab high txias yuav tsis ua mob qos no.
Qeb "Condor"
Ntau ntawm Dutch yug me nyuam. Nws yog suav hais tias yog srednerenim, txij li 70 mus rau 90 hnub dhau los ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm seedlings kom txog thaum lub tubers ncav cuag kom loj hlob.
Lub sij hawm ntawm no qos lub rooj. Bushes yog upright, es siab, nrog tsaus liab-liab doog paj. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog elongated, oval nyob rau hauv cov duab, weighing 90 - 180 g, nrog liab daim tawv nqaij thiab medium qhov tob qhov muag.
Cov nqaij yog xim daj hauv xim, nrog feem pua ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntawm 9 - 14%. Lub saj yog ntsuas raws li qhov nruab nrab saum toj no, uas ua rau nws ua tau kom loj hlob no qos tsis tsuas yog rau tus kheej siv, tab sis kuj rau muag tom ntej.
Kuj indicators of yield nyob rau hauv 18 - 36 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm 10 sq. M. txhawb lub tswv yim ntawm kev loj hlob rau kev lag luam. Qhov no ntau yam yog resistant rau tsis muaj noo noo thiab mob cancer, tab sis virus, scab thiab lig blight muaj peev xwm worsen tus mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab paus cov qoob loo. Ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no qos yaj ywm yog suav hais tias yuav yog ib qho zoo heev tsos, uas nce nws coj mus muag zoo.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom loj hlob no ntau yam tom qab perennial grasses, leguminous nroj tsuag thiab lub caij ntuj no cov qoob loo. Tubers tsis tuaj yeem npaj rau cog ua ntej, tab sis nws yog ib lub tswv yim kom tseem tau qos yaj ywm los ntawm cellar ua ntej thiab tawm rau ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Tus qauv tsaws yog qhov qub, qhov tob yuav tsum yog 8 - 10 cm.
Yuav kom paub meej qhov qub kev loj hlob ntawm bushes ntawm no hom qos yaj ywm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tas li loosen cov av thiab tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag uas nyob rau hauv cog. Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog rau dej no qos yaj ywm ntxiv, yuav muaj dej nag txaus. Koj tseem tuaj yeem kho cov nroj tsuag nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis tsis dhau feem ntau.
Qib "Slav"
Mid-lub caij ntau yam ntawm Ukrainian xaiv. Ripening lub sij hawm yog ncua rau 125 - 140 hnub. Cov nroj tsuag yog ib nrab-deciduous, tsis heev siab.
Tus naj npawb ntawm stems tsis loj heev, tab sis lawv yog branched heev. Cov nplooj yog tsaus ntsuab, lub paj yog liab-liab doog. On lub tev muaj ib tug me me ntawm ob lub qhov muag. Pulp cream xim. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib tug tub ntxhais mature yuav 90 - 180 g.
Tubers yog cov loj heev, oblong, oval-puab, liab-liab doog. Lub saj yog zoo heev, qhov feem pua ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog 12 - 13%. Nws tuaj yeem khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev, tiamsis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo yuav tsum tsis pub.
Varietal resistant rau mob cancer, nematode, raws li tau zoo raws li wrinkled thiab banded mosaic, mus rau twisting ntawm nplooj. Cov qoob loo ntawm ib hectare tej zaum yuav muaj ntau tshaj 700 centners ntawm qos yaj ywm. Cov qib no tsis yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov huab cua thiab cov hom av.
Cog cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem npaj ua ntej, thiab ua kom tsis ntev tom qab koj tau txais qos yaj ywm los ntawm cellar. Kev tsaws tsoo, qhov tob thiab lub sij hawm yuav tsiv. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg av npaj, ntau fertilizer yuav tsum tau siv yog hais tias lub tebchaws tsis fertile, raws li qhov no muaj ntau yam sai sai heev.
Raws li cov txheej txheem tsim nyog uas yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nrog no qos yog pub thiab kev kho mob nrog tshuaj tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob. Fertilizers yuav tsum tau thaum koj pom tias cov nroj tsuag tsis tsim ntau heev. Yog tias tsis pub ntxiv pub mis nyoj koj yuav tsis pom zoo kom tau txais cov kev tawm los, thiab nws yuav zoo dua hauv qab nruab nrab.
Ntau "Zekura"
Qhov no qos ntau tau bred nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev khov thiab ua tau ruaj yields nyob rau hauv lub climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm Eastern Europe.
Lub bushes ntawm no qos yog upright, ntawm medium qhov siab, tsis yog tshwj xeeb sprawling, nrog inflorescences ntawm liab doog xim. Lub tubers ntawm no ntau yam yog elongated, oval, nrog daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas qhov muag me me yog tawg, lub nplaim yog tus.
Cov nqaij yog xim daj, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog 13-19%. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ripening yog medium, raws li nws cov ntaub ntawv paub tab txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau 90 - 100 hnub los ntawm lub caij ntawm germination ntawm cog tubers.
Nyhav tuber kev kom loj hlob nce mus txog 100 - 200 grams, thiab xws li tubers daim ntawv 12-15 rau ib qho kev cog 1. Feem ntau, kwv yees li ntawm 50 tawm ntawm cov qos yaj ywm muaj peev xwm muab tua tau los ntawm ib thaj av uas muaj huab cua zoo thiab muaj av qoob loo.
Zaum muaj instilled nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv kev tiv thaiv no yuav luag txhua cov kab mob ntawm qos yaj ywm. Nws tuaj yeem cog nyob rau hauv cov av uas muaj ntau ntxiv ntawm ya raws. Yuav khaws cia rau ib lub sij hawm ntev yam uas tsis muaj kev tshwj xeeb piam sij.
Nws yuav tsum tau cog cov qos yaj ywm hauv lub Tsib Hlis no raws li cov txheej txheem niaj zaus mus rau ib qhov tob tob 8 cm. Cov kab mob tsis sov thiab rhuab hauv lub hnub yuav ua rau lub hauv paus sib npaug, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob thab nrog npaj cov qos yaj ywm rau cog.
Qhov no ntau yam tsis tau watered, raws li nws yog txaus ntuj qhuav heev thiab, feem ntau, tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev zov me nyuam. Nws yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsim ib ncig ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag, thiab zoo li cog cov av tom qab nws rains.
Cov lus nug ntawm kev xaiv ib tug qos ntau yam yog heev solvable. Nws yog txaus mus rau hauv tus account climatic nta ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab theem ntawm av fertility, thiaj li hais tias xaiv ntau yam yuav muab ib tug zoo sau.
