Kua ntau yam Hluav Taws Kub muaj ntau cov txiaj ntsim zoo.
Lub ntsiab zoo tshaj plaws yog high tawm los ntawm ntau yam, thiab zoo li high school cov neeg zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Ib qho ntxiv ntxiv yog tias qhov ntau yam tsis yog whimsical rau cov av.
Zoo li cas?
Kua ntoo ntau yam Hluas siv rau lub caij ntuj no thaum ntxov. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm high yield, lub caij ntuj no hardiness thiab drought tsis kam.
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob nruab nrab txog li peb lub hlis, txawm li ntawd los, nyob ntawm qhov muab cia ntawm cov txiv apples:
- yuav tsum tau ntsuas kev kub - 0 ° C;
- txheeb ze ntawm huab cua - 90-95%;
- cia hauv cov thawv ntoo lossis cov thawv;
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo me me calibration;
- sorting apples raws qib.
Lub caij ntuj no tseem muaj xws li: Nastya, Nymph, Aport, Hauv Nco txog Tub Rog thiab Orlik.
Pollination
Pollination tshwm sim vim lub pollen ntawm kua paj ntawm ib tug self-fertile ntau yam, txij thaum lub kua ntoo belongs rau nws tus kheej-fruitless hom.
Hom phiaj cog ob hom kab khiav ntawm txoj kab ntawm tsib meters ntawm ib leeg.
Qhov qhab nia zoo tshaj plaws rau kev zom:
- Snow Calvil;
- Miltosh;
- Joanared;
- Pepinka;
- Autumn striped.
Tsos
Cov tsos ntawm ib tsob ntoo yog tswm sim los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm tsob ntoo, hnav yas ntawm nplua nuj xim thiab lub teeb ntsuab, loj txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Kev loj hlob sai, sredneroslye. Crohn npawv tuab. Cov xim ntawm cov ceg yog grey. Cov ceg ntom, ntev, txav ntawm lub pob tw ntawm lub kaum pob zeb loj. Fruiting on kolchatka thiab spears.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnab elongated, loj ntau thiab tsawg. Tus tua yog zoo pubescent, loj, muaj ib xim av xim. Ib tug loj, oval-puab nplooj nrog ib tug luv luv, tapered kawg.
Tus tua yog xim av, nkhaus, loj nyob rau hauv tuab. Chechevichki nruab nrab hauv qhov loj. Lub nplooj ntoos phaj yog loj, symmetrical, wrinkled thiab moderately pubescent.
Lub buds yog xim liab-liab tsos nqaij daim tawv. Cov paj yog dawb nrog pink splashes.
Ribbed, hnyav, es loj npaum li cas. Cov xim ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog lub teeb ntsuab, ntseeg nkaws mus rau hauv lub daj ntseg liab ntxoov ntxoo.
Daim tawv nqaij yog du nrog ib tug me ntsis coating. Nyob rau saum npoo, meej meej subcutaneous ntsiab lus ntawm loj loj.
Cov nqaij yog dawb nrog tis qe daj, muaj kua nrog ib lub teeb ci.
Saj qab zib, qab zib thiab qaub. Lub taum ntawm Aromatny, Khoom qab zib Petrov, Ural Bulk, Silver Hoof thiab Pepin Saffron muaj tib lub saj.
Tsi tsiag ntawv los ntawm nplua nuj tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo:
- qhuav teeb meem - txog li 20%;
- qab zib - 13%;
- titrated rau koj - 0.5%;
- ascorbic acid - 11 mg rau 100 g;
- qhov piv ntawm qab zib kom acid yog txog 30;
- P-nquag tshuaj: flavonols - 20 mg ib 100 g, catechins - 127 mg ib 100 g;
- tus nqi ntawm phenolic tebchaw yog 260 mg rau 100 g (121-340);
- pectin tshuaj - 0.42%;
- vitamin C - 40 mg;
- vitamins B1, B2, A, PP.
Diam duab
Ob peb cov duab ntawm cov kua ntoo ntau yam "Hluav Taws Xob" tuaj yeem raug pom hauv qab no:
Muaj ntau hom ntoo ntawm Molodezhnoye tau txais nyob rau hauv lub Volgograd Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tsob Nroj Nroj Tsuag. N.I. Vavilova los ntawm hybridization Zhiguli thiab Boyken.
Breeders ntau yam: Malychenko V.V., Balandina L.N.
Kua ntau yam Hluav Taws muaj ob lub npe, muab los ntawm lub npe ntawm ib qho ntawm cov sau phau ntawv - Malychenkovskoe.
Loj hlob thaj av
Cov cheeb tsam ntawm ntuj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Kua ntau yam Hluas yog Lower Volga cheeb tsam ntawm Russia.
Nrog kom cog thiab tu, ntau yam tau acclimatiously nyob rau hauv lwm lub cheeb tsam, tab sis feem ntau cia siab rau nws yog tshav ntuj territories, piv txwv li, lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Ukraine.
Tawm
Nyob rau hauv lub fruiting ntoo ntau yam Cov tub ntxhais hluas nkag mus rau hauv 4-5 xyoo tom qab cog. Qhov ntau yam yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm high tawm los thiab zoo thauj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Sau pib nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub Cuaj Hli. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tau da dej thaum lub sij hawm ripening. Harvesting yog ib txwm, xyoo, nruab nrab ntawm 150 quintals ib hectare.
Zoo heev yields yog qhia los ntawm cov nram qab no ntau yam: Lub caij ntuj no Pear, Melby tus ntxhais, Antey, Lub caij ntuj no Beauty thiab Autumn Low.
Tsaws
Cov tawm los thiab qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub kua ntau yam Molodezhnoe ncaj qha nyob ntawm saib xyuas. Thaum cog ib tsob ntoo siv classic chiv.
Kev tu rau ib tsob ntoo ntoo tsis tas yuav siv zog ntau npaum li cas, vim tias ntau yam yog tsis txaus rau cov av.
Rau tsob ntoo kom loj hlob zoo, noj qab nyob zoo thiab zoo nkauj, thawj qhov koj xav tau yog xaiv txoj cai seedling:
- muas seedlings nrog ib tug tsim paus system thiab yuav lawv nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam nrog tib climatic mob;
- xaiv ib tug hluas seedling, ces nws adapts ntau sai sai rau cov av nyob rau thaj tsam uas nws yog zus;
Tom qab kev txhim kho seedlings yog qho tseem ceeb heev rau xaiv qhov chaw cog cov kua ntoo:
- tshav ntuj ib ncig;
- tsis muaj cua;
- cov cheeb tsam rau cog yuav tsum zoo drained;
- kom tsob ntoo loj hlob muaj zog thiab nqa siab tshaj plaws tawm los, nws yog pom zoo siv loamy av;
- tsis txhob tso qhov chaw nyob hauv av uas nyob ze qhov chaw;
- kom npaj qhov tsaws qhov.
Kua ntoo ntawm no ntau yam yog cog, raws li ib txoj cai, nyob rau hauv ob lub caij:
- caij nplooj zeeg (lig Cuaj Hlis - Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj);
- caij nplooj ntoos hlav (lig Plaub Hlis).
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsaws tsoob yog qhov kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw tsaws. Qhov kev pom tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov taub rau cog ib qho kua: 1x1x0.7m.
Lub txheej qaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb excavated yog tov nrog qis txheej thiab cov nram qab no chiv yog tswvcuab:
- 18-20 kg ntawm nees manure;
- 250 grams ntoo tshauv;
- 250 g ntawm superphosphate;
- 100 grams ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate.
Qhov aub tsiv yog sau nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm lub ntiaj teb nrog fertilizer rau 2/3. Los ntawm saum toj no lawv ncuav fertile av yam uas tsis muaj chiv. Ntaus dej thiab ntxiv dua rau txheej txheej ntawm cov av fertile.
Tam sim no koj tau ua tib zoo cog qoob tsob ntoo. Tom qab paub meej peb khi nws mus rau ib tug ntoo peg.
Kev kho mob
Thaum xub thawj, cov kua ntoo Cov hluas ntau yam siv suab tsis tas yuav tu. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ob xyoo tom qab cog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tsim ib deciduous crown ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los luas tag nrho txhua ceg. Thawj ob lub xyoo nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov kua ntoo tau muab khi rau ib tus ntoo peg (nws zoo dua yog siv cov linden lossis tsob ntoo).
Nws yog ntshaw rau thawj plaub mus rau tsib xyoos kom tsis txhob muab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim (nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau khaws 80-100% ntawm cov paj).
Kev kho mob yooj yim thaum thawj tsib xyoos tom qab tsaws:
- tying ntoo los tiv thaiv nas thiab nas (khoom - parchment, lapnik);
- mulching nrog humus pristvolnyh voj voog;
- hilling hauv av mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm nees nkaum centimeters;
- dej ntawm cov ntoo uas sib tov uas tiv thaiv kab tsuag.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Cov ntoo ntau yam Molodezhnoye yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm high school tsis kam mus rau ntau fungal kab mob. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho mob lub kua rau fungal kab mob yog kev tiv thaiv.
Ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev ntsuas uas coj ib tug tiv thaiv tawm tsam tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob ntawm lub kua ntoo:
pollination ntawm colloidal sulfur thiab tooj liab txuas;- kev siv ntawm ntau yam nrog high tsis kam mus rau tus kab mob;
- kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv;
- fertilization ntawm potash thiab phosphorus hom;
- av tshauv;
- crown tsim;
- pub nrog potash chiv;
- Tshuaj Calcium tshuaj chloride thaum lub caij cog qoob;
- raws sij hawm sau;
- muab cia ntawm apples.
pollination ntawm colloidal sulfur thiab tooj liab txuas;Kev ua raws li tsawg kawg ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov haujlwm saum toj no yuav cawm tau koj tus ntoo los ntawm cov kab mob xws li kab xau, powdery mildew (Cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas feem ntau tshwm sim rau tus kab mob no), txiv hmab txiv ntoo lwj, cov kab mob hlawv thiab ntau lwm tus.
Piav me ntsis txog cov cim thiab ua rau qee yam ntawm lawv.
Scab
Thawj ntawm tag nrho nws infects nplooj ntawm tsob ntoo, thiab ces txav mus rau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog vim li cas rau cov tsos ntawm no fungus yog feem ntau lub stagnation ntawm huab cua hauv lub crown ntawm ib tsob ntoo los yog nce humidity.
Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm scab yog cov tsos ntawm ntsuab-xim av me ntsis rau ntawm nplooj, kuj nyob rau hauv ib tug loj pes tsawg tus me xim av, sib sau ib crust, me ntsis rau ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Rot
Kab mob ntawm fungal hom, uas penetrates rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm fetus los ntawm kev tawg thiab qhov txhab tsim ntxov los ntawm cov tsiaj, lawg los yog lwm txoj kev.
Thawj kos npe yog qhov muag ntawm ib xim av chaw nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub Kua, uas yuav loj hlob kom txog thaum lub kua yog ua kom rotten.
Hlawv
Hu ua los ntawm cov kab mob Erwinia amylovora. Cov kab mob kis tsis tau kho, hmoov tsis. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg sai li sai tau yog li ntawd lawv tsis kis kab mob nyob ze.
Tus neeg saib xyuas causative yog qhov khoom cais tawm
Mealy dew
Fungal kab mob. Ib tug yam ntxwv kos npe ntawm tus kab mob yog cov tsos ntawm mycelium fungus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dawb Bloom on nplooj ntawm cov ntoo.
Feem ntau cov kab mob tshwm sim nws tus kheej tom qab hnyav rains. Tus mob no tshwm sim rau ntawm tsob ntoo hauv qab, txog thaum nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsob ntoo.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias kab tsuag tuaj yeem hem cov kua ntoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsim nyog tiv thaiv kev ntsuas tawm tsam codling moth, lub moth mining, haws, silkworms thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo sapwood.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm apples ntawm Molodezhnoye ntau yam muaj ib qho siab txheeb raws roj ntsha thiab muaj cov khoom zoo heev organoleptic. Lawv indispensable nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm jam, kua txiv, stewed txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab ci ntawm ntau hom. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshiab mus saj lawv muaj zoo siv tsis muaj vaj huam sib luag.
