Cov lus qhia rau cog thiab cog qoob loo

Sorghum Grain - Ib qho ntawm cov paj ntoo uas yav tas los, kev pub mov noj thiab khoom noj, uas yog dav paub tias yog cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis ntev tas los, txawm li cas los, qhov nyom tau txais qhov chaw zoo ntawm cov neeg txhawb zog ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom noj haus, uas pom zoo tias cov pias thaj hauv cov khoom noj rau cov neeg saib lawv qhov nyhav. Qhov tseeb yog cov hom qoob mog thiab lwm cov paj uas muaj protein ntau, gluten, uas yuav ua rau ua xua, cuam tshuam cov metabolism hauv thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov roj deposits hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Tab sis cov piam thaj muaj piam thaj me me thiab muaj fiber, yog li cov cereal tau ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo thoob lub ntiaj teb thiab loj hlob nyob hauv txhua lub teb chaws ntawm latitudes.

Txheem:

• Pias av
• Av qoob loo sorghum fertilizer
• Xaiv ntawm ntau yam thiab noob hnav khaub ncaws
• Lub sij hawm qhib rau sorghum sowing
• Pag cog qoob loo
• Puab cov zaub txhuag quav
• Nroj tsuag tswj thiab kab thiab tiv thaiv kab mob
• Sorghum Harvesting

Qhov chaw nyob hauv kev sib hloov

Precursors rau sorghum tuaj yeem soj ntsuam los ntawm peb lub ntsuas. Nyiam dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm noo noo reserves nyob rau hauv cov av - lub caij ntuj no nplej; los ntawm cov khib nyiab - oats thiab beetsthiab los ntawm ntau ntawm qoob loo seem - caij nplooj ntoos hlav barley, lub caij ntuj no nplej, fodder beet. Yog li, cov thawjcoj txiav txim siab mus raws li:

• lub caij ntuj no nplej;
• caij nplooj ntoos hlav barley thiab pob kws;
• fodder beet;
• oats;
• sunflower

Pob kws - kuj yog ib tug siv tau thawj thaj av rau sorghum, raws li nws yoojyim moisture thiab muab kev pab cuam, uas pab kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm grain sorghum. Qhov tsis muaj pob kws nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yog ib qho tshaj ntawm qoob loo seem, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau cultivate cov av ua ntej sowing thiab ntxiv kev kho mob. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias pob kws yog siv raws li ib tug precursor, ces thaum lub sij hawm Autumn lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau them rau leveling cov av thiab cog qoob loo seem. Sunflower kuj yog ib tug thawj ntawm, tab sis thaum siv nws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nqa tawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm seedlings ntawm poob.

Muaj cov qauv hauv qab ntawm kev hloov cov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo:

I.

1. Dub nciab;
2. Lub caij ntuj no nplej;
3. Lub caij ntuj no nplej;
4. Pob kws los (grain) + paj ntoo ntawm ½;
5. Pob kws rau silage;
6. Lub caij ntuj no nplej;
7. Pea;
8. Lub caij ntuj no nplej;
9. Sunflower

Ii.

1. Ntsuab peas;
2. Lub caij ntuj no nplej;
3. Pob kws (grain);
4. Pob kws rau silage;
5. Lub caij ntuj no nplej;
6. Sorghum;
7. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav caij nplooj ntoos hlav
8. Peas (grain);
9. Lub caij ntuj no nplej;
10. Sunflower

Koj puas paub? Lub tswv yim yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov kev hloov ntawm kev tsim tawm. Tsuas yog mob xwb: tom qab sorghum, tsuas yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav qoob loo yuav tsum tau sown.

Pias av

Cov txheej txheem technology rau cultivation ntawm sorghum muab rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev npaj ua si rau cov av: kev puas tsuaj ntawm weeds, leveling lub saum npoo thiab av noo noo. Pag paug mus rau cov av tsis yog xav tau, hnyav hnyav, lub teeb thiab saline xau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau sorghum yog xoob, moist, zoo warmed thiab aerated av. Tillage ua ntej sowing yuav tsum muaj ntawm harrowing cov av nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab ib los sis ob plowings.

Av qoob loo sorghum fertilizer

Sorghum - ib tug kab lis kev cai uas yog heev xav ntawm chiv, txawm nws muaj peev xwm mus rau nws tus kheej tsim roj teeb los ntawm cov av. Tus cog teb zoo rau cov ntxhia thiab cov organic chiv thiab kov lawv heev kev lag luam.

Tshaj li cas yuav tsum muaj ob zaug, los yog peb zaug dua nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium dua pob kws. Nitrogen yog tsim nyog rau cov kab lis kev cai rau kev loj hlob thiab nce qhov chaw ntawm hardwood nto, yog li ntawd, kom tau txais ib tug zoo qoob loo, koj yuav tsum tau ua high zaug ntawm nitrogen. Phosphorus tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv lub neej grain sorghum, nws npaum li cas yuav tsum yog ib thiab ib nrab rau ob zaug tsawg dua nitrogen, txog 90-100 kg / his rau dej. Cov tshuaj yaj kawb pab kom muaj txuam nrog cov piam thaj hauv cov paj ntoo.

Nrog rau cov qoob loo me me (txog li 5 tuj ntawm 1 t), pias paug kua qaub los ntawm cov av, yog li muab nws tus kheej nrog rau cov tshuaj no los ntawm nws tus kheej. Yog hais tias tus tawm los ntawm sorghum yog txog 7-10 tons ib 1 his, muaj ib tug shortage ntawm poov tshuaj, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ua kom nws nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog rau lwm cov chiv nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 40-60 kg ib hectare.

Nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias nitrogen chiv, thaum ua thov ua ke nrog phosphate chiv, muaj ib tug tsis zoo siv on noob germination. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom fertilizer Senior thiab tob sowing noob. Yog hais tias fertilizer yog thov nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, tus tawm los yuav nce los ntawm 3-3.5 lub sij hawm tshaj thaum tag nrho cov fertilizer yog thov rau plowing. Sorghum kuj hlub cov organic chiv, xws li chiv, ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10-20 tons ib hectare. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom nws nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thaum npaj cov av thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, muab nws ib sab ntawm cov noob, hauv zos thiab tob dua li lub sowing.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob pub ntau tshaj qhov tau pom zoo ntawm nitrogen chiv, nws muaj txhawb rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm tshuaj lom cyanide tshuaj nyob rau hauv ntsuab loj ntawm sorghum, uas yog txaus ntshai thaum loj hlob cov qoob loo rau ntsuab fodder.

Xaiv ntawm ntau yam thiab noob hnav khaub ncaws

Muaj ob peb txoj kev xaiv rau kev cais cov nplooj poom., raws li ntau lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau yam ntawm no cereal nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai. Qhov feem ntau cov cultivation ntawm peb lub ntsiab hom sorghum: grain, qab zib thiab khaub rhuab. Cov tom kawg yog siv rau zus tau ntawm txhuam thiab brooms, thiab piam thaj piam thaj - rau kev pub rau noj thiab kom tau cov suab pauv ntawm cov kab.

Grain sorghum muaj tag nrho cov ntau yam uas tau cog rau grain. Qhov siab ntawm lawv cov stems yog los ntawm ib nrab ntawm ib tug Meter mus rau ib thiab ib nrab, lub grain yog puag ncig thiab liab qab, yooj yim kom poob. Ntawm cov grain ntau yam uas muaj high tawm los, txias tsis kam thiab drought tsis kam, emit Genichesky 11, Qab ntug, Krymdar 10, Saturn, Kuban liab 1677, Txiv kab ntxwv 450, Cactus, Odessa 205, thiab Stepnoy 5 hybrids, Rossorg 4 thiab Zernograd 8.

Rau ob peb lub lis piam, sorghum noob raug npaj rau sowing.. Lawv raug etched kom tsis txhob muaj lub yeej ntawm fungal thiab kab mob kab mob thiab los ua puas lub internal microflora, uas adversely cuam tshuam kev loj hlob. Nws yog ib qho zoo uas siv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, xws li "Fentiuram" ("TMTD" 40% + copper trichlorophenolate 10% + gamma isomer GHTSG15%), lawv ua hauj lwm zoo dua li cov phungicides.

Niaj hnub no, muaj universal tshuaj uas ua rau nws ua tau los kho lub noob nrog ib tug semi-qhuav txoj kev. Muaj xws li hnav khaub ncaws, 5-10 L ntawm dej + hnav khaub ncaws hnyav hnyav 1.5-2 kg + soluble iav 150 g yog siv rau 1 tuj ntawm cov noob.

Koj puas paub? Kev sim tau pom tias noob hnav khaub ncaws ntawm Kuban liab ntau yam 1677 thiab Txiv kab ntxwv 450 rau 6 lub hlis ua ntej sowing nce cov kab mob ntawm 45 mus rau 68%.

Lub sij hawm qhib rau sorghum sowing

Ib lub sij hawm tsim nyog sowing yog thaum nruab nrab txhua hnub kub ntawm kaum-centimeter tob ntawm cov av yog + 14 ... + 16 ° C. Nrog thaum ntxov sowing, seedlings yog tsawg thiab overgrown nrog weeds. Nyob rau hauv zoo tshaj plaws kub kub, lub seedlings yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv 10-14 hnub tom qab sowing, thiab yog hais tias tus kub nce mus rau + 25 ... + 28 ° S, - nyob rau 5-6th hnub.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyuaj tsis pom zoo rau sorghum loj hlob los ntawm noob nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Thaum sown hauv txias av, noob yuav tsis germinate thiab rot.

Pag cog qoob loo

Ntawm tag nrho cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav grain sorghum muaj lub me tshaj cov noob, txawm qhov tseeb tias nws hybrids thiab ntau yam yog heev txawv nyob rau hauv loj ntawm noob. Nrog cov nyiam ntawm sorghum mus khaus bushiness, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hnyav seeding tus nqi, uas yog xam los ntawm lub dav ntawm kab thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov nroj tsuag ib hectare. Ib tug sowing tus nqi ntawm txog 160-170 txhiab nroj tsuag ib 1 his yog pom zoo. Qhov nruab nrab, nws yog 10-14 kg ib hectare.

Tshaj qhov nqi ntawm sowing sorghum, yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account field germination ntawm noob. Noob ntawm niaj hnub hybrids ntawm zoo zoo muaj high laboratory germination (los ntawm 82% mus rau 95%), tab sis tsis tshua muaj qhov sib xws - 12-19%.

Sow cov noob yuav tsum tau ntub av, thaum tsis tob patching. Txij li thaum sorghum yog ib tug me me-noob qoob loo, nrog ib tug sib sib zog nqus sowing lub tua lub sij hawm yuav nce, cov nroj tsuag yuav tshwm qaug zog thiab tsis resistant mus rau huab cua. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 7 cm. Thaum lub Upper txheej ntawm cov av yog qhuav, nws yog ib qhov ua tau rau embed txog li 10-12 cm, nrog chaus dov tom qab sowing. Yog tias cia li ua ntej sowing los nag, koj tuaj yeem cia qhov tob ntawm 4 cm. Qhov tob no xam tau tias yog av thaj av.

Ib tug siab grain tawm los ntawm sorghum yog tau los ntawm tsom kwm me me ntawm kab ntawm kab - 60 thiab 45 cm. Txo qhov dav ntawm kab nrog tib ntus pub rau koj faib cov nroj tsuag evenly nyob rau hauv kab, nws yog zoo dua los muab lawv nrog zaub mov thiab nce tawm los.

Puab cov zaub txhuag quav

Cov zaub paj nruag zaub paj nruag muaj ntau ntau yam haujlwm. Ua ntej tom qab sowing - Dov nrog ringed rollers, tom qab uas lub lumps torn los ntawm cov av rau ib tug mulch txheej. Tom qab 5 hnub tom qab sowing, pre-tshwm sim harrowing ntawm sorghum nrog medium harrows yog nqa tawm los ua puas yog nroj.

Yog hais tias tom qab sowing qhov txias tuaj dua, thiab sorghum on 10 hnub tsis ncav ntau tshaj li 2-3 cm, lub harrowing yuav tsum tau rov qab. Nyob rau hauv thawj txoj hau kev, cov nroj tsuag puas tsuaj los ntawm 60%, thiab tom qab ob - los ntawm 85%. Sij hawm thiab txav txhij txhua ntau xyoo ib qho tshuab sau qoob.

Tom qab ntev rains, ib daim ntaub crust nyob rau saum npoo ntawm hauv av, nws yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, vim hais tias nws tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm seedlings. Ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov kab ua yuav ua kom raug puas tsuaj, tab sis yog tias nws raug tsim rau lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm sib txuas, ces nws yuav tsum muab tshem tawm nrog cov kab laug sab ntawm kev nce zuj zus (mus txog 9 km / h). Ntxiv kev saib xyuas muaj nyob rau hauv cultivating inter-row cultivators, uas kuj fertilize tib lub sijhawm. Cultivation pab tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag, saturate hauv paus system nrog oxygen, thiab khaws noo noo ua ntej flowering thiab ripening ntawm noob.

Cultivation pib kom sai li sai tau ntawm kab ntawm sorghum yog kom meej meej pom. Qhov tob ntawm thawj kev kho mob yuav tsum yog 10-12 cm Cov tom qab yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 2-3 lub lim piam nrog ib tug tob ntawm 8-10 cm, thiab lub thib peb - ​​nyob rau hauv ib ob peb lub lis piam tom qab thib ob mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 6-8 cm.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum nqa tawm cov kev sib tshuam ntawm kev sib txuas nrog cov kws cog qoob loo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tuav lub dav ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm 10-12 cm.

Nroj tsuag tswj thiab kab thiab tiv thaiv kab mob

Qhov feem ntau cov teeb meem weeds rau sorghum - cov no yog cov bristles, uas tsim li 90-95% ntawm tag nrho cov hnyav ntawm weeds. Lawv yog cov yooj yim puas los ntawm sorghum harrowing nyob rau hauv lub germination theem. Tom qab germination thiab rooting, lawv ua resistant rau harrowing thiab rau tej yam herbicides. Koj tuaj yeem txov lawv "Agritox" (0.7-1.7 kg ib hectare), "2.4 D" (0.5-1 kg ib hectare), "2M-4X" (0.5-1.1 kg ib hectare).

Grain sorghum tuaj yeem kis kab mob xws li aphid, paj rwb moth, dawb npauj, wireworms, thiab xaim tiv thaiv. Cov kab no ua rau tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov qoob loo los ntawm noj cov nplooj ntoo, cov nplooj ntawv, cov kab, thiab cov noob. Tawm tsam tau tawm tsam cov kab tsuag, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau nqa cov kev kho mob nrog ib tug Opercot (0.16 kg ib hectare) thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob Zenit (0.2 l ib hectare). Thaum lub sij hawm loj luam ntawm larvae pests - tshuaj tsuag lub tshuaj "Bi-58".

Yog hais tias muaj ntau cov lais xees rau ntawm ib qho nroj tsuag, rov qab tsuag tom qab 15 hnub nrog cov tshuaj lom "Hapelin" (0.8-1.0 kg ib hectare), Dendrobatsillin (0.5-1.0 kg ib hectare), thiab Lepidocide ( 1.5-2.0 kg ib hectare). Ntawm sorghum kab mob feem ntau raug nplooj ntoos me ntsis, smut, xeb, qia paj, gelmintosporiozu, fusarium thiab alternariosis, uas txo qoob loo.

Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav ua kom cov qoob loo seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag puas tsuaj, tshem cov av, cog qoob loo, thiab siv cov kua qaub thiab phosphate chiv, vim tias nws tsis tuaj yeem cog qoob loo zoo dua qhov uas tsis tau ua raws li cov kev siv tshuaj agrotechnical.

Sorghum Harvesting

Tshaj liaj teb mas feem ntau yog tsis tau da dej, nws yog harvested thaum lub noob qoob loo tas li. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua ntej kev txiav txim siab qhov av noo. Lub peculiarity ntawm sorghum yog tias grain yog feem ntau matures nyob rau hauv ib panicle, thaum tag nrho pawg tseem ntsuab thiab muaj ib nplooj ntoos cov dej noo ntawm 60%, thiab stems yog 70%. Cov dej noo noo ntawm lub grain yuav tsum 25-30%, ces koj muaj peev xwm pib tu.

Sau qoob sau qoob sau qoob siv. Yuav kom tsis txhob crushing lub grain thaum lub sij hawm threshing, qhov kev ceev yog txo mus rau 500-600 ib feeb. Yuav kom tau txais qhuav grain, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau nqa tawm kev tu vaj tse, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau thaum ntxov ripening ntau yam. ZHN-6 header siv, uas bevels ib pawg rau ib qho kev txiav tsawg (txog li 15 cm) thiab folds nws mus rau hauv rolls.

Ob lub lim tiam tom qab cov qoob loo thiab cov zaub ntsuab qhuav hauv cov yob, cov khoom noj yog nqa los ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke. Green sorghum yog tua tau thaum lub panicle pov tseg, tawm hauv kev txiav ntawm 10-12 cm.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Sau ntsuab tuaj yeem yuav tsum tau noj tom qab nws plaub-teev wilting kom tiv thaiv tau lom nrog cyanide tshuaj.