Cov keeb kwm ntawm plum raws li ib tug kab lis kev cai tsiaj muaj ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo. Nws tuaj txog Russia xyoo pua 17th, thiab feem ntau nyob thoob plaws hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua paub.
Plum yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tab sis nws tau tau ntau feem nyob rau hauv Moldova, lub Crimea thiab Ukraine.
Plum heev ib tug kub-hlub ntoo thiab yog zus tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb.
Cov nto moo tshaj plaws, tau txais kev pab rau ntau ntau yam tshiab, resistant mus rau cov kab mob thiab Frost, yog ib thaj yeeb ntau ntawm Anna Speth.
Anna Shpet Plum: ntau yam lus piav qhia
Anna Shpet lub tsob ntoo siab heev, nrog ib tug dav thiab ntom pyramidal crown thiab greyish bark. Tus tua yog tuab, tsaus xim nrog me internodes me me. Lub ntsiab ceg thiab tua yog heev ruaj.
Lub buds yog me me, nrog cov lus qhia ntse. Cov nplooj yog me me, oval, nrog ib tug ntse top, lub teeb ntsuab, dull, serrated on sawv, tsis muaj stipules thiab nrog ib tug luv luv petiole.
Cov paj yog loj, dawb, loj hlob ob tug ua ke, on ib tug medium-qhov loj qhov me me. Cov nplaum yog lub qw, nrog cov npoo tawv ncauj. Ob qho qis qis, anthers daj.
Berries yog loj, weighing txog 45-50 grams, tsaus liab doog nrog ib tug burgundy ntxoov ntxoo, oval, tsis pubescence. Lawv muaj ntau yam ntsiab lus hauv subdivision, tus lateral suture yuav luag tsis txaus. Cov tev ntawm medium tuab, yooj yim tshem tau, them nrog ib tug tshim txheej.
Cov nqaij yog qab heev, nrog tsawg kawg qab ntxiag khoom qab zib, yellowish-ntsuab, ntom, thaum tag nrho matured - ci daj, muaj kua. Lub pob zeb yog me me, ovoid, yooj yim sib cais los ntawm lub pulp.
Diam duab
Diam duab plums "Anna Shpet":
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Qhov no ntau yam tau txais ib lub sij hawm ntev dhau los, nyob rau hauv lub lig 1870s, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, los ntawm lub npe nrov German breeder Ludwig Shpet. Nws cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog yug me nyuam ntawm ntau yam tshiab ntawm lilac, thiab plum ntau yam zus los ntawm lub caij nyoog los ntawm dawb pollination ntawm ib tug tsis paub seedling.
Qhov ntau yam tau nthuav dav hauv USSR hauv xyoo 1930-1940. Nws tau zoned nyob rau hauv 1947 nyob rau hauv lub Rostov, Astrakhan thaj tsam ntawm Russia, Krasnodar thiab Stavropol Territories.
Tom qab ntawd nws pib loj hlob nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Belarus, thoob plaws hauv Ukraine, nyob rau hauv Moldova thiab Crimea.
Yam ntxwv
Anna Shpet yog lig plum ntau yam, lub berries pib ripen tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj los yog thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis da dej thiab tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm ntawm tsob ntoo ntev ntev txawm tias tom qab tag nrho maturation.
Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm no ntau yam yog:
- siab yield;
- cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj loj thiab cua;
- thaum ntxov pib ntawm fruiting;
- lig ripening;
- unpretentious zov;
- tau ntev ntawm cia ntawm berries;
- siab ntawm kev tsim dua tshiab ntawm tsob ntoo.
Qhov no yog qhov siab, ntau tus muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo tuaj yeem tua tau ib ncig 100-150 kg ntawm berries. Anna Shpet pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv 4-5 xyoo tom qab tsaws.
Tom qab raug muab tshem tawm ntawm tsob ntoo, lub berries yuav khaws cia rau ib lub sij hawm ntev heev nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw txias tsis muaj poob ntawm saj thiab cov khoom zoo. Zoo siv rau kev ua thiab rau kev noj.
Los ntawm Frost, ntau yam yog tsis ruaj tsis khov, txawm li ntawd los, txawm nrog heev khov, tau rov qab sai sai. Tab sis rau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug txias kev nyab xeeb, nws yog tseem tsis haum, vim nws ua low-yielding thiab ntau zaus mob. Nws yog undemanding rau av thiab kev kho mob thiab muaj peev xwm zam drought zoo.
Anna Shpet - qhov ntau yam tsuas yog ib feem ntawm tus kheej-fertile, thiab thiaj li yuav tau txais ib tug zoo dua qoob loo nws xav tau cov pollination ntxiv.
Zoo heev pollinators rau nws yuav yuav ntau yam ntawm plums:
- Victoria;
- Renklod Altana;
- Catherine;
- Thaum Ntxov;
- Washington;
- Lub tsev hauv cov tsev Hungarian;
- Kirke;
- Renklod ntsuab.
Anna Shpet dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhua xyoo thiab ntau heev. Tab sis txawm lub feem ntau unpretentious nroj tsuag tau li yields, koj yuav tsum tau muab txoj kev kho mob.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los cog ib plum nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum lub ntiaj teb yog tag nrho thawed. Ua ntej cog acidic av tas txiv qaub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas xav txog qhov chaw ntawm cov dej hauv av. Rau plums, lawv qib yuav tsum tsis muaj siab tshaj 1.5 m.
Rau landing zoo dua los xaiv qhov sov sov, zoo tiv thaiv, tshav ntuj chawPiv txwv li, nyob ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev, ze lub laj kab los yog sab qab teb sab ntawm txoj kab nqes. Plum tolerates av noo noo thiab hlub tsis hnyav, loamy av.
Tom qab nruab ib lub cog peg, 2/3 ntawm lub qhov yog ntim nrog cov hmoov av thiab cov pob zeb hauv av chiv (10-15 kg ntawm humus thiab ib phaus ntawm superphosphate) los ntawm txheej sab saum toj ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Thaum cog nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias hauv paus caj dab ntawm seedling tsis mus rau hauv av, thiab yog 4-5 cm saum toj no cov av. Tsob ntoo ua tib zoo muab tso rau hauv ib lub qhov thiab ua kom nruj heev, tawm hauv qhov dej mus rau hauv cov cag ntoo.
Chib ntsiag to khi rau ib tug peg nrog ib tug mos hlua los yog zaj duab xis. Nyob ze yuav tsum loj hlob tsawg kawg 2-3 qhov pollinator ntau yam.
Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tom qab cog, lub seedling tsis fertilized, tsuas yog watered, loosened thiab maj cov av. Thaum pib ntawm flowering txog 80% ntawm lub paj, nws yog ntshaw kom txiav tawm mus rau facilitate tus txheej txheem ciaj sia taus.
Cov nram qab no xyoo, nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj, koj muaj peev xwm tuav thawj nitrogen fertilizer. Ua ntej pib ntawm fruiting ruaj khov, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau fertilized peb zaug ib lub caij: nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov May, nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj thiab nyob rau hauv lig Lub yim hli ntuj.
Thaum fruiting ua li niaj zaus, thawj hnav khaub ncaws yog nqa tawm ua ntej pib ntawm flowering, ob - tam sim ntawd thaum lub sij hawm ripening ntawm berries thiab peb - tom qab harvesting.
Ntau yam ntawm plums, pleasing lawv high yields: Firefly, Hungarian Korneevskaya, Nco ntawm Timiryazev, Renklod Altana, Renklod collective farm, Renklod Soviet, Kroman, Xiav khoom plig, Pib, Sawv ntxov, Bolkhovchanka, Skoroplodnaya.
Ua li no, koj muaj peev xwm siv ib tug daws ntawm urea, poov tshuaj superphosphate los yog nitrophoska. Chiv yog siv nyob rau hauv moist av, tom qab uas nws yog kom zoo zoo loosened. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nitrogen tshuaj tshem tawm.
Txhua txhua xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm lub caij, tom qab weeding cov av yuav tsum tau loosened, watered thiab zoo mulched nrog humus. Tsi Anna Spet nws ua rau lub hauv paus loj hlobuas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
Kuj tseem ceeb rau txoj kev saib xyuas ntawm plum li niaj zaus tshaj watering thiab zoo pruning.
Thawj pruning yog nqa tawm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cog: tag nrho cov ceg txiav mus 1/3 ntawm qhov ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, pruning yog nqa tawm txhua xyoo, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, Frost-puas thiab mob diseased ceg raug tshem tawm. Thaum thinning tub ntxhais hluas tua, tawm tsuas yog muaj zog tshaj thiab feem ntau ncaj. Koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav ntau tus yub thiab ceg ntoo ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Koj tuaj yeem tshem tsis pub ntau tshaj li peb lub hlis ntawm tag nrho cov pawg.
Thaum lub tsob ntoo ncav mus rau 2-2.5 m, ces pib tsim lub crown. Sab saum toj thiab tag nrho cov feem ntsug ceg yog pruned, nrog muaj zog thickening - thinned.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tuaj yeem qhia tau:
- nruab nrab lub caij ntuj no hardiness;
- propensity rau moniliosis thiab polystygnosis.
Plum ntau yam Anna Shpet tsis zoo heev rau cov kab mob xws li polysigmosis thiab moniliosis.
Polystigosis los yog liab chaw - Qhov no yog ib tug mob fungal uas cuam tshuam cov nplooj ntawm plum thiab Cherry plum. Nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov, tom qab hnyav caij nplooj ntoos hlav rains, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm me me yellowish me ntsis rau ntawm nplooj.
Cov pob no loj tuaj sai sai thiab noj ib qho txiv kab ntxwv ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd ces kaj xim liab. Yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag tsis kho nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, tus kab mob yuav ua rau tag nrho cov poob ntawm nplooj, uas leads mus rau weakening ntawm tsob ntoo thiab txo nws Frost tsis kam.
Ua ntej fruiting, tus tsob ntoo muaj peev xwm raug kho nrog Bordeaux sib tov los yog tshwj xeeb fungicides. Tom qab harvesting, Autumn, zoo pab txau cov nplooj thiab cov av nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo xiav vitriol. Thiab nco ntsoov tag nrho cov poob nplooj yuav tsum tau raked thiab hlawv.
Moniliosis, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau liab chaw, cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog lub nplooj, tab sis tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cuam tshuam nplooj thiab tua ua xim av thiab qhuav tawm. Lub berries yog them nrog me grey growths thiab pib rot.
Kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv tus kab mob no yog nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev zoo xws li kev kho mob ntawm polysigmosis, thiab muaj nyob hauv raws sij hawm tu ntawm nplooj pruning diseased ntoo thiab tua; thiab ua ntoo nrog Bordeaux sib tov thiab fungicides.
Feem ntau Anna Shpet feem ntau raug txom nyem los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab kev tua tsiaj.
Yog li ntawd, rau lub caij ntuj no lub tub ntxhais hluas nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau qhwv kom tiav, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus - ua tib zoo npog lub pob tw nrog kev pab ntawm tuab tuab ntaub qhwv nrog ib tug polymer Mesh.
Qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv tsob ntoo tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm Frost, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hares thiab nas.
Dua li ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntau yam tshiab ntau ntawm plums uas yog resistant mus rau tus kab mob thiab Frost, Anna Shpet yog zoo haum rau cog nyob rau hauv dacha.
Tseeb, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog lub zoo, muaj tsis ntau thiaj li tsis zoo.
