Varieties ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo kab mob thiab tswj ntsuas

Lub vine nrog tib neeg ntawm txhua theem ntawm nws cov kev txhim kho kev sib raug zoo, kos duab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab lub hnub.

Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev mob nws xav tau kev pab ntawm cov neeg.

Pab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, paub txog tus kab mob thiab qhov kev tsim kev kub ntxhov - ntxiv rau hauv tsab xov xwm piav qhia, tswj kev ntsuas thiab cov duab ntawm cov nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov txiv hmab.

Kab mob ntawm grapes yuav muab faib ua ob pawg loj: kis mob thiab tsis kis kab mob. Txhua tus ntawm, tig mus, suav nrog txhua pab pawg. Hauv qab no peb ua tib zoo saib cov kev faib tawm thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab.

Cov kab mob li cas yog muaj?

Infectious

• Fungal kab mob ntawm grapes.
  1. Mildew (downy mildew).
  2. Oidium (pepelitsa, mealy dew).
  3. Alternaria (olive nqaij ntawd).
  4. Anthracnose (pom, noog qhov muag).
  5. Grey (botrino).
  6. Aspergillosis lwj.
  7. Dawb rot (dawb-qhov ncauj, "lawg kab mob").
  8. Dub tawg (lub qhov ncauj dub).
  9. Pink moldy rot.
  10. Rubella.
  11. Verticillosis (wilt).
  12. Apoplexy.
  13. Armillaria.
  14. Hauv paus rot.
  15. Daim ntawv qhia.
  16. Penicillosis.
  17. Fusarium
  18. Monilioz.
  19. Cercosporiosis
  20. Dub nqaij ntawd (kev ywj pheej, kev qaug zog, kev qias neeg qhuav).
  21. Gelmintosporiosis
  22. Septoriosis (melanosis).
  23. Esca (mob lub cev).
  24. Eutipiasis (qhuav nqws qhuav, tuag tes tsho tawm).
• Cov kab mob qhov ncauj zoo nkauj.
  1. Kab mob spotting.
  2. Qaub (acetic) rot.
  3. Kab mob necrosis (kab mob bacterial wilt, Oleiron kab mob)
  4. Bacteriosis ntawm berries.
  5. Pierce tus mob.
  6. Kab mob khees xaws.

Pab: Tsis yog txhua txhua kab mob ntawm cov kab xev yog kho: rau qee cov kab mob (kab mob cancer) tsuas yog txoj kev xav tau - raskorchyovka tom qab quarantine.

• Viral kab mob ntawm grapes.
  1. Short-knot (kis tus kab mob).
  2. Yellow mosaic (chlorosis).
  3. Bordering leeg.
  4. Dawb mosaic (panashyur, variegation)
  5. Tus kab mob Intornitial chlorosis.
  6. Golden daj.
  7. Flattened bole.
  8. Necrosis ntawm tua.
  9. Tiv thaiv kab mob mosaic, los yog mosaic arabis.
  10. Asteroid (lub hnub qub-zoo li) mosaic.
  11. Tus kab mob ntawm cov ntoo ntawm cov txiv hmab.
  12. Tus kab mob redness.
  13. Tus kab mob kab laug sab nplooj.
  14. Necrosis ntawm cov leeg.
  15. Yoojyim curling tus kab mob (Golden daj).

Pab: Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv "Viral kab mob ntawm grapes" tsuas yog thawj 4 txoj haujlwm yog scientifically piav. Cov kab mob ntxiv yog raug rho tawm, tab sis, raws li qhov soj ntsuam ntawm kev soj ntsuam, cov sawv cev hauv cov hmab hauv daim ntawv latent.

Tsis kis mob

Cov kab mob raug mob los ntawm tej yam mob loj.

1. Elementoses (kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev noj haus tsis zoo):
   • chlorosis (tsis muaj hlau, zinc, manganese los yog boron);
   • rubella (tsis muaj potassium);
   • shrinkage ntawm comb;
2. Burns grapes.
3. Scattering berries.
4. Necrosis ntawm cov nkoj ntoo.
5. Mob tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov crests.
6. Apoplexy ntawm ib pob tw.

Pab: Los ntawm cov tswv yim tsim hauv zos gardeners amateurs, nws ua raws li hais tias tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub grapes yog paub los ntawm cov saum toj no sau: mildew, oidium, anthracosis, chlorosis, rubella, kab mob carcinoma thiab elementoses.

Diam duab

Yuav ua li cas los txiav txim seb hom kab mob qhov twg?

Thawj koog yog muab los ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev loj hlob, lub slightest sib txawv los ntawm cov cai nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Kev ceeb toom cov vaj ntxwv yuav tsum tau thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob muaj kab mob hauv cheeb tsam ze. Ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov huab cua uas tsis muaj huab cua thaum lub caij ntuj no-caij nplooj ntoos hlav no kuj muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov muaj tus kab mob hauv lub hauv siab.

Qhov pib teeb liab pom ntawm kev noj qab haus huv txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nplooj.

1. Lawv yuav tig daj thiab qhuav. tsis tsuas yog los ntawm ib tug tsis muaj noo noo nyob rau hauv qhuav lub sij hawm (lub edaphic hom txhaum), mechanical kev puas tsuaj rau vine los yog nws lub hnub nyoog.

   Qhov no feature yog tus kos npe rau ntawm elementosis, thaum cov nroj tsuag lacks nitrogen, hlau los yog lwm cov zaub mov tseem ceeb hauv cov av.

   • Kev hloov hauv cov xim ntawm cov nplooj ntoos kuj tuaj yeem yog kos npe rau ntawm cov kab mob hu ua fungal lossis viral lesion: kis chlorosis, kub daj, dawb (variegated) thiab daj (chlorosis) mosaic, fusarium, escoriosis, septoria, thiab nyob rau lub sij hawm nquag - kab mob pwm;
   • yellowing ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav pom zoo infectious necrosis;
   • Cov kev hloov hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm chlorophyll tuaj yeem tau pom nyob ntawm ntug nplooj lossis ntawm cov leeg, uas qee zaus qhia tau hais tias muaj kab mob npog cov leeg lossis cov theem pib ntawm mildew;
   • ziab ntawm cov npoo ntawm daim ntawv phaj - Pierce tus kab mob;
   • nplooj ntoos txawv nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm Bush yog pom nyob rau hauv ib tug nroj tsuag uas ua mob nrog ntev daim ntawv ntawm Eski (ib complex ntawm pathogenic fungi).

Pab: Ib feem ntawm daim ntawv - kab mob pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tej thaj tsam ntawm viticulture (Ltalis, Spain, Moldova, thiab lwm yam). Piv txwv: moniliosis, Pierce tus kab mob.



2. Nplooj reddening feem ntau yog vim los ntawm elementosis (tsis muaj phosphorus), thaum ntxov hloov mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg theem ntawm liab txiv quav ntswv los yog mob fungal nrog rubella;
• nrog dawb rot, nplooj saum toj no lub annular xim av me ntsis rau ntawm tua kuj tig liab;
• Cov nplooj ntoos raug zeeg ntxov (nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov leeg leeg) yog pom thaum cov kab ua kua kab mob thiab cov nplooj ua kab tawm liab tuaj yeem raug mob los ntawm tus kab mob.
3. Daim ntawv rusting - ib qho kos npe ntawm Alternaria;
   • pinhole lesions ntawm nplooj ntoos phaj - dub chaw;
   • loj xeb-xim av me ntsis ntawm cov leeg - qhov tshwm sim ntawm fungal qub.
4. Nplooj ntoos curl Raws li lub phenomenon, nws muaj ib tug kis xwm - kub yellowing, dawb mosaic, cortex los yog fungal - oidium.
5. Browning nplooj ntoos nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub phaj, nws yog yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug kab mob ntawm grey puab, moniliozom, los yog burnissure - ib tug tsis muaj poov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov av;
   • tsaus nti hais txog sepector;
   • Xim pob txha kuj tshwm sim nrog chalcosporosis, verticillosis thiab ... nrog sunburn.
6. Nplooj ntoos xim av typical of elementosis (nrog ib tug tsis muaj potassium) thiab loj heev kev puas tsuaj nrog oidium;
   • brown nplooj ntoos chaw phaj - qhov tshwm sim ntawm spotted necrosis.



7. Tsom ntawm kev tua (mealy) nyob rau hauv underside ntawm nplooj ntawv hais tias mildews:
   • yooj yim erasable gray cov quav hniav nyob saum thiab hauv qab - oidium;
   • olive velvety cov quav hniav nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm nplooj ntoos - cerkosporioz.
8. Cov pob zeb ntawm nplooj tej zaum yuav yog ib qho ua los ntawm ib tus kab mob loj los yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis muaj cov cim kab hauv cov khoom noj khoom cog:
   • oily type transparent spot - ib qho kev qhia ntawm kev sib tw nqes;
   • yog hais tias tej qhov chaw zoo li no - peb tab tom tham txog luv-pob caus;
   • ruby-coloured spots - rubella tsos mob;
   • me me xim av dub los yog dub necrotic cov pob zeb - cov xim dub;
   • necrotic cov pob txha nrog dub ciam teb tshwm sim nrog anthracosis;
   • kaj dot-xws me ntsis yog cov thawj manifestation ntawm septoria.
9. Ntsaws thiab kev loj hlob ntawm nplooj (galls) yog tsim nrog rubella ntawm rubella, anthracosis, mildew.
10. Wilting nplooj rau tsis muaj tseeb tshwm sim - ib qhov tsim nyog ntawm lub yeej ntawm hauv paus system ntawm grapes nrog arterial tus kab mob.
11. Txo me me thiab deformation ntawm nplooj ntoos hniav yog pom hauv fusarium;
    • tawm nplooj ntoos thaum eutypia;
    • ntxuam kev kho ntawm cov leeg ntawm hloov hloov nplooj yog pom nyob rau hauv ntev kis degeneration - luv luv-nodules.

Kawm txog lwm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag ntawm nroj tsuag uas koj tuaj yeem ntsib hauv vaj: //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, Rust, Kab Mob Hlawv, Birch Sapwood, Kua npab, Lichen.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob

Feem ntau ib qho kos npe, tsuas pom hauv particular ntawv, tsis txaus rau txoj kev kuaj mob.

Yog li, nws yog txoj kev cai piv rau 2-3 cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob rau cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm kev siv cov kev ntsuas.

1. Anomaly vines manifested nyob rau hauv tsos rau nws saum npoo ntawm ntau qhov chaw:
   • tag nrho tua tuaj nrog liab liab-violet los yog dub me ntsis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm cov tsos ntawm thawj tsib nplooj, tej zaum ua ke, lawv ringing lub qia nrog cov xov xwm - qhov no yog yuav ua li cas lub dub nqaij ntawd ntawm grapes tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij;
   • xim av me ntsis rau ntawm lub qia tig mus rau hauv tob ulcers - anthracnose;
   • brownish me ntsis nrog grey cia on cov tub ntxhais hluas tua - nws yog ua tau mildew;
   • whitish me ntsis nyob rau hauv ob lub raum, tig mus rau ib tug dawb quav hniav - powdery mildew;
   • silver los yog xim av me ntsis - alternarioz.
2. Vine tau txais ib lub liab tint vim lub confluence ntawm xim av thiab liab dawb-grey me ntsis nyob rau hauv tua nyob rau hauv anthracnose.
3. Tua qhuav kom txog thaum tiav rhuav pov ntawm Bush nrog lub yeej ntawm eskoy;
   • qhov ziab ntawm lub vine ua ke nrog cov kab mob skeletal yuav xaus cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob mildew;
   • on cov tub ntxhais hluas tua nrog dub rot raws li ib tug ntawm longitudinal necrosis ntoo cracking tshwm sim;
   • thinning ntawm tua raug mob nrog tus kab mob ntawm furrow ntawm ntoo kuj ua rau lub ziab tawm thiab tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
4. Xim av xim Tus vine feem ntau yuav kis tau tom qab frosts, tab sis nws tiav niam txiv cov tsos mob uas muaj mob hnyav ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij npuag ntawm cov kab txaij - ntawm qhov no, oidium los yog eutipiasis tuaj yeem tsim tau;
   • tsaus xim av me ntsis rau ntawm bast tom qab wintering yog pom necrosis.
5. Caij nplooj ntoo hlav loj nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ugliness thiab randomness ntawm tua - qhov no yog li cas bacterial necrosis tshwm nws tus kheej.

Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm vegetative cycle, thawj cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau grapes tau pom tau:

• kev khaus ntawm cov paj thiab zes qe menyuam yog los ntawm kev pleev xim tsis zoo nyob hauv tib lub txiv neej lossis poj niam txiv neej, los yog cov huab cua tsis zoo thaum lub sij hawm pollination, tiam sis tib cov tsos mob muaj nrog Pierce tus kab mob;
• inflorescences wither nyob rau hauv dawb Bloom - thawj tshwm sim ntawm downy mildew;
• grey fluffy quav hniav uas npog sab saum toj ntawm lub inflorescence qhia qhov tsos ntawm grey rot;

Tos rau lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm ovary thiab lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, koj yuav tau txais ib ob peb ntxiv cov cim qhia txog tus mob:

1. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tsis muaj lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau sau nrog kua txiv, qhuav, lawv shrivel, kis tau ib cov xim nqaij daim tawv - qhov no qhia tau tias yog lub ploj los ntawm mildew, cricosporia;
   • yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag muaj tus kab mob nrog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov dub los yog dawb tawg - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, hliv, tig dub los yog tig xim av thiab mummified;
   • nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm verticillosis, tom qab nplooj qhuav, qhov pib ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib;
   • nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nquag ntawm anthracosis, lub grapes tsis txawm muaj lub sij hawm mus rau ripen: lub berries qhuav thiab crumble;
   • qee lub sij hawm thaum overloading Bush, qhov ua rau ntawm ziab ntawm berries yog lub dabtsi yog khoov ntawm comb, uas disrupts lub nutrient mov rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
2. Wilting txhuam thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev puas tsuaj qhia tau hais tias qhov swb mildew lossis oidium;
   • wilting ntawm ib tug neeg berries nrog nrhiav tau ntawm qias neeg saj yog yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm tus kab mob ntawm kub yellowing;
   • Edaphic yam tseem yuav yog qhov ua rau ntawm wilting: sunburn, noo tsis muaj peev xwm, tshaj ntawm Bush;
   • berries crumble rau kom loj hlob yog hais tias ib tug kab mob luv luv yog kis.
3. Rotting berries grapes cuam tshuam los ntawm grey rot, oidium, moniliasis;
   • qhov tsos ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov - txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov txhawm rau qog kua qaub;
   • nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm cov huab cua kub, aspergillosis rot tsim feem ntau sib xws, xa clusters rau hauv ib lub xim daj spore-kev coj tus kheej.
4. Grey Bloom oidium yog muab rau ntawm cov txiv hmab;
   • liab pwm rot ua rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum lub sij hawm cia thiab yog ib qhov chaw nrog ib tug dawb txheej, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo - liab foci ntawm sporulation;
   • olive quav hniav yog ib qho cim ntawm chalcosporosis;
   • Dawb Bloom npog tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog raug rau cov kab mob mildew.
5. Stains nyob rau berries tej zaum yuav muaj xim liab nrog tsis muaj zog (hlau deficiency), grey nrog cov ntug xim dub nrog anthracosis, gray tsaus, yuav luag ntawm kev sib txuas nrog qia - thaum kis tau tus kab mob npauj;
   • xeb xoos thaum kub hnyiab nrog npaj npiv tooj;
   • xim av me ntsis rau ntawm grapes tshwm nrog grey rot;
   • lub teeb xim av nrog lub ntsej muag uas pom tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog loj hlob nrog penitsiloze;
   • qhov bacteriosis ntawm berries pib nrog ib lub teeb beige chaw, uas hlob nyob rau hauv, raws li yog "noj mov" lub Berry los ntawm sab hauv (ib qho nkaus xwb lesion, rau tus neeg berries).
6. Blackening berriestau them nrog pycnidia (tubercles) raug pom hauv diplodioz.
7. Yog tias tsaus xim av me ntsis lawv ntiv nplhaib thiab ceg ntoo tuaj ntawm nws - tuag tes tuag taw ntawm qhov crests tshwm sim nws tus kheej;
   • Cov hmoov txhuam ntawm ib nrab yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqhis dej ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab Pierce tus kab mob.

Tiv thaiv kom ntau yam kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo: Gourmet, Victoria, Bianca, Laura, Valentine, Cabernet, Timur, Rosmus, Attica, Platovsky, Pervozvanny, Xib fwb nco, Ruslan, Rosalinda, Kesha, Xyoo tshiab, Furor, Kev tsav, Dub Panther, Sphinx, Rusbol, Athos, Ruta, Tabor, Monarch.

Kev hloov pauv nyob rau hauv qhov kev mob ntawm Bush

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog convincing rau lub assumption ntawm tus kab mob ntawm vine yog hloov dav nyob rau hauv lub zwj ceeb ntawm Bush, nws morphology, kev loj hlob nqi thiab theem ntawm kev loj hlob.

1. Lub Bush fades tsis muaj lwm yam sab nraud: nrhiav qhov ua rau hauv av - hauv paus system yog cuam tshuam los ntawm verticillus;
   • raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug lesion nrog verticillus, arillariasis, fusarium, tuag ntawm ib tug nroj tsuag, tsis pub apoplexy; qhov tseeb yog tias apoplexy ntawm vine yuav ua tau ntawm ib lub caij nyoog drought, thaum cov nroj tsuag yog depleted thiab tsuas yog tsis muaj peev xwm los dais cov huab cua kub;
   • Ua rau lwm tus cia siab yuav ua rau mob qog nqaij tawv, cov kab mob uas muaj kab mob, kab mob necrosis lossis fusarium.
2. Hloov cov ntoo ntawm lub hav zoov:
   • kev puas tsuaj ntawm phallus phloem, thaum films ntawm mycelium yog pom nyob rau hauv lub bark - lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm armilliarosis, uas tau risen los ntawm cov nroj tsuag lub hauv paus system;
   • tib cov nyhuv ntawm lub pob tw ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv paus txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawg nws tus kheej;
   • qhov rotting ntawm qhov cuam tshuam qhov chaw ntawm ntoo thiab kev tuag ntawm tag nrho cov ceg ntoo yog yam ntxwv ntawm escoriosis;
   • cov ntsiab lus thiab cov cwj nrag ntawm cov tawv nqaij tuag - muaj cov gelmintosporioza;
   • necrotization ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub voj voos ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog tsim ntawm kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ua ntej pruning yog ib qho kev kos npe ntawm eutipiasis;
   • qhov tsos ntawm ib tug dawb los yog xim av fleshy qog nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm vine txhais tau hais tias lub yeej ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog kab mob cancer.
3. Stunting, txo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhov yooj yim tshem ntawm ib tsob nroj hauv av nrog nws cov hauv paus hniav yog cov cim ntawm cov hauv paus rot lossis kab mob khees xaws;
   • tus tib manifestations yuav pom ntawm tus neeg laus bushes ntawm yim xyoo uas muaj hnub nyoog, qhov ua rau yuav fungal short-handedness.
4. Short spot paub raws li ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub qub daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yog piav qhia los ntawm paus rot, fusarium, eutipiosis, Pierce tus kab mob.
5. Pasvy kev loj hlob ntawm tua - ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm fusarium;
   • lateral tillering ntawm vine yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob sib kis kab mob.

Lub ntsiab ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis kis tau tus kab ntawm cov txiv hmab yog qhov lawv thaj tsam: cov tsos mob tsis kis rau cov nroj tsuag nyob ze.

Thiab, txawm hais tias nyob rau sab nraud tshwm sim muaj ib qhov kev nyuab siab sib thooj rau txhua hom kab mob, lawv tsis yooj yim rau kev tshem tawm:

• av teeb nyem;
• cov kev taw qhia ntawm nws cov lus ntawm lub ploj lawm;
• pab cov nroj tsuag nyob rau lub caij nyoog nyuaj ntawm huab cua anomalies (drought, lub caij nyoog los nag);
• npog cov nroj tsuag los ntawm qis dua (hmo ntuj, thaum lub caij ntuj no);
• pub ib qho tsis muaj zog cog nrog cov organic teeb meem;
• hloov tag nrho kev ua liaj ua teb rau yav tom ntej.

Ib lub zog, zoo-groomed nroj tsuag ntse cuam tshuam tej yam kab mob. Thiab yog hais tias tiv thaiv kev ntsuas ntawm biological, mechanical thiab tshuaj kho tseem yog tseem nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb, ces qhov muaj feem ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic yog txawm qis.

Tab sis tsuas yog nyuam qhuav bred hybrids, nyob rau hauv lub noob qauv ntawm uas, thaum lub sij hawm xaiv cov txheej txheem, tsis kam mus rau fungal thiab ib co kab mob thiab viral pathogens twb pw, muaj ib tug tag nrho guarantee. Varietal xaiv yog feem ntau txhim khu kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob kis.

Saib cov yees duab txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov txiv hmab los ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.