Zoo nkauj pear txiv hmab txiv ntoo coj zoo nkaus ntawm kev kub ntxhov thiab zoo siab nrog lawv cov qab ntxiag saj thiab suab paj nruas.
Ib qho ntawm feem nrov yog ntau yam ntawm pears "Nika", ntau txog uas peb yuav sib tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.
Nqe lus piav txog pear ntau yam "Nika"
Qhov siab ntawm tsob ntoo ntau yam "Nick" nruab nrab, thiab kev loj hlob tus nqi nws tus kheej - qhov nruab nrab. Lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo yog hloov nyob rau hauv cov duab nrog tsawg, khov kho fused ceg. Tus tua ntawm tsob ntoo ntawm no ntau yam yog xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim nrog ib tug zoo nkauj. Tua nplua nuj ntsuab xim, nrog lub ci ntsa iab.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov loj loj nyob rau hauv loj, qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Nika pear ncav cuag 200 g. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib tug truncated conical streamlined duab. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntawm qhov nruab nrab ceev, nrog ib tug zoo nkauj thiab ci ci, uas yog muab los ntawm ib tug tshim txheej.
Cov xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib txawv ntawm qhov kawm tiav ntawm qib siab: piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm tshem tawm, xim yog ntsuab-liab nrog ib tug predominance ntawm ntsuab; thaum lub sij hawm neeg loj hlob - daj-liab nrog ib tug predominance ntawm liab nrog ib tug brownish tinge.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug luv luv curved qia uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug me me, nqaim funnel. Cov nqaij yog nplua-grained, muaj kua, tsis granulated, nrog ib tug Sweet-qaub saj thiab ib tug ntxiag aroma.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntau yam "Nika":
- tag nrho cov suab thaj - 10.2%;
- Vitamin P - 122 mg / 100 g;
- Vitamin C - 6.2 mg / 100 g;
- qhuav tshuaj - 15.7%;
- titrated acids - 0.40%.
Pros thiab cons qoob
Ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab zoo ntawm ntau yam yog ib tug ruaj thiab ncaj ntau tawm los ntawm pear "Nika". Thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo tshwm 5-6 xyoo tom qab cog.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Nika pear yog qhov siab siab ua rau tsob ntoo, uas ua rau nws txaus nyiam kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm tsob ntoo txiv ntoo no yog ib qho kev zoo ntawm Nick pear.
Koj puas paub? Qib pears "Nika" zoo rov qab txawm tias tom qab qhov te rau qhov -38 ° C, thiab qhov kev puas tsuaj tsuas yog 0.6 ntsiab lus.
Lwm qhov zoo ntawm Nika pear ntau yam yog nws tus kab mob zoo tsis kam, zoo li ib qho khoom noj qab zib zoo heev.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam no yog qhov tsawg dua qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm lawv, ib nrab ntawm tus kheej-fertility ntawm ntau yam, qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev tu ncua pruning, thiab raws li lub sij hawm tsis qeeb ntawm ripening ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Nika pear.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib tug seedling thaum yuav
Feem ntau peb yuav tsum tau yuav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv cov khw muag khoom noj los yog hauv cov paj khw muag khoom. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau seedlings ntawm pear ntau yam "Nika" coj paus zoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xaiv lawv kom raug.
Thawj qhov uas koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai yog qhov pom ntawm lub yub: nws yuav tsum huv thiab tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi yuav tsum muaj tej cim ntawm dryness los yog lethargy.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib daim ntawv yuav tsum txuas rau txhua lub yub nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev cog qoob loo, ntau yam, yug menyuam thiab kev piav qhia ntawm thaj chaw zoo rau kev cog qoob; Yog tias tsis muaj li no, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau tsis kam yuav ib lub sapling: feem ntau yuav, nws yog kev tsis zoo.
Ib tug zoo seedling muaj tsawg kawg yog tsib lub ntsiab thiab peb ntxiv keeb kwm nrog ib tug ntev ntawm yam tsawg kawg yog 30 cm Lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tug zoo seedling yuav tsum tau ci, huv, tsis muaj growths, me ntsis thiab cov cim qhia ntawm rot. Nws yog qhov zoo dua yuav cov seedlings uas tau muab tsis pub ntau tshaj 2 xyoos; nws yog qhov yooj yim kom paub xws li: lawv tsis tau tsim cov yas.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv thiab npaj ib qho chaw rau ib tug pear
Qhov zoo thiab ntau ntawm pear sau nyob ntawm ntau dua rau qhov ua raws li cov cai ntawm agrotechnology ntawm pear ntau yam "Nika". Cov cai no pib nrog xaiv thiab npaj ntawm ib qho chaw rau cog ib tug pear.
Koj puas paub? Lub pear tsis nyiam "tsiv" los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw, yog li ntawd, thaum cog seedlings, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws kom koj tsis tas yuav tsum tau rov qab tsob ntoo.Muaj coob tus xav tias pear yog cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws, thiab lawv sib zog ua kom paub tseeb tias tsob ntoo loj hlob nyob hauv ib qho chaw kiag li tiv thaiv los ntawm cua, yog li ntawd lawv cog tsob ntoo ntawm chav hauv qhov chaw los yog, noj nyiaj rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm Nika pear, nruab nrab ntawm ntau dua thiab loj dua ntoo.
Qhov no yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug pear yuav qeeb thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov sau yuav txo. Rau pear ntau yam "Nika" yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv ib tug zoo-zes, hnub ci, zoo-warmed qhov chaw.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias pear hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb, es loj cheeb tsam, vim, txawm qhov nruab nrab qhov loj ntawm tsob ntoo, nws xav tau heev ntau qhov chaw rau tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob.
Ua ntej cog ib lub txiv pear, koj yuav tau npaj qhov chaw rau nws. Pib ua qhov no hauv ib lub lim tiam tom qab yuav tsaws. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm qhov aub tsiv rau cog yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 1 meter, thiab qhov tob - 70-80 cm.
Thaum digging ib qhov, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus rau tawm hauv lub hauv av: nws yuav tsum tau rau cog ib tsob ntoo, thaum lub ntiaj teb tob yuav tsis siv. Ua ntej koj pib qhov txheej txheem ntawm cog, lub ntiaj teb yog pub nrog potash-phosphate chiv thiab organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv txoj cai ratio.
Fertilizers txuas nrog rau hauv av, dug ntawm saum toj no, thiab tsaug zog hauv lub qhov taub. Qhov no substrate yog poured nrog ib tug daws ntawm txiv qaub hydrated (2 khob ib 10 liv dej). Hauv daim ntawv no, tus pit yog tso rau hauv ib lub lim tiam.
Cov kauj ruam-ua-theem txheej txheem ntawm cog seedlings
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau cog seedlings yuav qhov kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj - pib ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj (lub pear yuav muaj lub sij hawm hloov thiab nce lub zog ua ntej huab cua txias) los yog thaum xaus ntawm lub Plaub Hlis - pib ntawm Tej zaum (kom txog rau thaum nplooj pib Bloom).
Kev cog pear ntau yam "Nika" yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua nyob rau hauv ib tug khub nrog ib tug neeg, vim hais tias cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim heev, tab sis koj yuav tsum ua txhua yam nyob rau hauv ib lub complex.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ua ntej cog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau tsav ib tug ncej ntawm ib lub meter ntev kom thiaj li tsim tau lub pob tw thiab cov yas ntawm ib tsob ntoo hluas.Yog li ntawd, cog seedling algorithm:
Hloov lub ntiaj teb mus rau hauv lub qhov taub kom zoo li ib lub me me mound yog tsim;- Los cog qoob loo thiab maj mam muab, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, ncaj nraim rau cov cag;
- Sau hauv paus system nrog av thiaj li hais tias hauv paus caj dab yog pom 4-6 cm;
- Lightly tamp hauv av ib ncig ntawm lub seedling;
- Muab ib qho av tso rau ntawm lub qhov taub kom lub tsob ntoo cog rau hauv lub qhov, uas yog siv rau kev ywg dej;
- Dej lub seedling nrog 2-3 thoob dej;
- Lub pob tw ntawm lub seedling yuav tsum tau khi rau lub ncej nrog hlua, muaj yav tas los qhwv lub bark nrog roj hmab thiaj li hais tias hlua tsis loj hlob mus rau hauv tsob ntoo;
- Hnub tom qab, rumble cov av nrog humus.
Hloov lub ntiaj teb mus rau hauv lub qhov taub kom zoo li ib lub me me mound yog tsim;Nta ntsoov rau pear ntau yam "Nika"
Kev tu ib tus pear "Nika" yuav tsum muaj qhov tseeb dej, raws sijhawm pub mis, thiab zoo tshaj plaws cov pob txha ntawm tsob ntoo. Yog tias koj ua qhov yog, koj yuav tau txais kev kho kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj rau koj lub vaj thiab ib qho khoom noj qab zib rau lub rooj.
Yuav ua li cas rau kev coj dej pear "Nika"
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ceev faj thiab tshaj cabbage ntoo yuav tsum tau sai li sai tau tom qab cog. Lub seedling yog watered feem ntau kom txog thaum lub keeb kwm muab paus mus rau thaum xaus. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, tsob ntoo yog watered ib zaug ib lub hlis.
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ncuav dej ncaj qha nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo, txwv tsis pub lub keeb kwm yuav tau ntxuav tawm thiab pear yuav tuag. Nws yog qhov zoo dua mus khawb ib lub me me nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo thiab ncuav dej mus rau hauv lub trench. Rau dej, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau siv sov so-cais sib cais, vim hais tias ib tsob ntoo tuaj yeem raug mob los ntawm ib tug ntse ntawm dej txias.
Yuav kom tsis txhob tsim ntawm crust ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo, tom qab watering cov av yog zoo dua loosened, nyob rau hauv Ntxiv thiab, ua tsaug rau txoj kev no, lub keeb kwm yuav ua tsis taus pa zoo dua.
Yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg mus noj pears
Hauv paus system ntawm pear yog muab zais heev tob, thiab yog li ntawd lub noj ntawm Nika pear yog feem ntau superficial. Thaum cog, tsob ntoo yog fertilized rau thawj lub sij hawm, nqa organic fertilizer rau hauv aub tsiv.
Cov nram qab no pub yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Thaum lub sijhawm no, siv cov quav tsiaj thiab cov nplooj lwg thiab lawv cov av tsaws txhua qhov ntawm tsob ntoo.
Koj puas paub? Rau zoo dua nkag mus ntawm muab kev pab cuam mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm pear ib ncig ntawm nws, koj muaj peev xwm ua kom qhov me me thiab ncuav lub daws nrog fertilizer rau hauv lawv.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm feem ntau cov kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo, lub txiv moj txiv xav tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm nitrogen, uas muaj txhawb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tsob ntoo. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj, potash tshuaj thiab phosphorus yuav ntxiv rau cov av - qhov no yuav ntxiv dag zog rau lub ntoo.
Yog hais tias cov av nyob rau hauv koj cheeb tsam yog acidic, los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los noj lub pear nrog npaj muaj calcium, los yog txiv qaub los yog tshauv yuav siv tau raws li ib tug neeg hloov. Nrog daws ntawm cov tshuaj no nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los dej tsob ntoo.
Sau taub hau pruning pears
Thawj pruning yog ua thaum tsob ntoo twb yog 1 xyoos lawm. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no, qhov cov tub ntxhais hluas raug txiav nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws ncav tsis muaj ntau tshaj 50 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Qhov no activates qhov kev loj hlob ntawm qis ceg.
Thaum 4-5 xyoos ntawm kev loj hlob, lub crown ntawm pear yog thinned los txhim kho kev nkag mus rau lub teeb thiab ceg yog shortened muab lub crown ib tug zoo nkauj zoo qauv.
Pruning yuav tsum tau ua nrog ib yam khoom ntse heev, "ntawm lub nplhaib," thiab tsuas yog cov ceg loj hlob tuaj thiab ntxoov tus so yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Tag nrho cov chaw ntuag yuav tsum tau lubricated nrog vaj twawb los yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias koj tsis nqa tawm tsis tu ncua pruning, lub tua yuav ua liab qab, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav significantly txo nyob rau hauv loj.
Thaum sau thiab yuav ua li cas khaws tus sau ntawm pear ntau yam "Nika"
Tsi "Nika" yog hais txog lub caij ntuj no ntau ntawm pears thiab yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho txaus nyiam rau cultivation nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab, txawm nws cov "hluas." Qhov siab tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau tuaj xaiv txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj - pib ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob sib zog ua rau pears ntawm tsob ntoo, kom lawv tsis txhob pw tsaug zog thiab zoo dua qub. Zoo dua txiv hmab txiv ntoo khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tshem tawm kom loj hlob, cov xim ntawm uas yog ntsuab-xim av.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov "npaj txhij" ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau tua yog tias nws yooj yim detaches ntawm lub qia. Ib qho kev kos npe ntawm ripeness yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm pear: yog hais tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua mos, nws yuav tsis tsum khaws cia.
Nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav tau khaws NIKA pears hauv qhov chaw txias txias nrog cov av qeeg. Nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv tshwj xeeb (nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav tau siv cov thawv los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj) tso tawm ntawv los yog shavings rau hauv qab, thiab saum toj - txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab los yog diagonally.
Thaum lub sij hawm cia ntawm pears, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm mus rau "xyuas" lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab yog hais tias koj pom rot los yog kev puas tsuaj, cov pears yuav tsum tau khaws los ntawm lub thawv.
Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings
Txawm tias muaj qhov tseeb hais tias pear "Nika" tsob ntoo yog frost-resistant, cov tub ntxhais hluas saplings yuav tsum tau vaj tse. Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau them nrog ib tug txheej ntawm mulch, nws yuav "sov" hauv paus system. Rau qhov no, straw, sawdust los yog humus yuav ua.
Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm Frost, koj yuav tsum tau npog lub pear lub cev nrog agrotextile - ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaub uas zoo kawg txav noo noo thiab lub teeb, thiab kuj muaj ib tug "cua sov" cov nyhuv. Los ntawm saum toj no, lub seedling xav tau kev pab them nrog snow, thiab ntau snow koj muab tso rau ntawm seedling (ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog li ntau kom npog cov ntoo nrog saum), warmer lub pear yuav.
Yog tias koj tsis muaj agrotextiles, koj tuaj yeem siv fir ceg. Cov yau tshaj thiab qis tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua tau rau hauv pem teb, cov daus yuav "chaw nkaum" lawv, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau kom zoo thiab ntau ntawm cov qoob loo.
Kuj ntawm pear ntau yam "Nika" mus rau cov kab mob thiab cov pests
"Nika" tsis tshua muaj mob, thiab yog tias qee qhov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, ces yuav tsis muaj teeb meem txhua.
Cov kev tiv thaiv:
- Hauv lub sijhawm los ua cov pob zeb me me thiab cov organic teeb meem, nws yuav pab tau kom tsob ntoo tuaj yeem ua tau zoo thiab yooj yim dua kom mob tau txhua yam mob.
- Tsis txhob overmoisten cov av, vim hais tias ib qho chaw moist rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm fungal microorganisms.
- Lub sijhawm txhim kho thiab tu tsev nyob ze ntawm tsob ntoo. Qhov no yuav cawm tau cov nroj tsuag ntawm tau cab thiab fungi uas nyob hauv heaps ntawm nplooj thiab on diseased tua.
- Txiv qaub whitewash uas tiv thaiv tsob ntoo ntawm kab.
Yog hais tias koj twb pom thawj cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob: me ntsis thiab saib ntawm nplooj, kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev tua thiab lub raum rot, koj yuav tsum kho cov ntoo nrog fungicides thiab rov qab kho tom qab 7 hnub.
Yog tias koj pom ib lub paj tawg lossis kab laug sab nyob sab hauv ntawm nplooj, cov txiv kab yuav tsum raug kho nrog cov tshuaj tua kab. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam kab nyob rau hauv thawj ua ntej yuav pab tau xab npum daws, lawv yuav tsum tau tsuag lub nroj tsuag.
Raws li koj paub, ib tug pear tau dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau txog li 100 xyoo. Pear ntau yam "Nika" - unpretentious thiab heev txaus nyiam rau qhov loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb ntoo, thiab yog li ntawd tam sim no hais tias koj tau kawm cov kev cai ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ib tsob ntoo thiab yuav lo rau lawv, koj tsob ntoo yuav zoo siab koj rau ntau xyoo.
