Tsis yog txhua tus gardener txiav txim siab rau cultivation ntawm txiv lws suav. Ntau yam tsis muaj peev xwm muab tso rau greenhouses rau ntawm qhov chaw, los yog lawv tsuas tsis muaj sij hawm txaus los yog lub zog kom thev nrog noob germination, loj hlob seedlings, tu cov neeg laus cov nroj tsuag.
Loj hlob soob seedlings rau qhib hauv av yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim tias nws tso cai rau koj kom loj hlob zoo txiv lws suav thiab tau txais ib tus nplua nuj sau. Tsab xov xwm yuav qhia txhua yam hauv kev qhia txog qhov kev tshwm sim no. Peb kuj piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob seedlings ntawm txiv lws suav.
Disadvantages thiab zoo
Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm loj hlob seedlings yog cov nram qab no:
- sij hawm thiab dag zog;
- lub tsis muaj peev xwm loj hlob loj tagnrho vim qhov tsis muaj chaw thiab ib qho loj ntawm teeb pom kev zoo;
- seedlings muaj peev xwm loj hlob qaug zog thiab mob - nws yuav tsis muab ib tug zoo sau.
Txawm li cas los, tus txheej txheem no muaj nws qhov zoo:
- lub agronomist yuav ntseeg hais tias lub seedlings yog zus tsis muab tej yam tshuaj;
- yog hais tias koj muaj peev xwm loj hlob seedlings kom raug, koj yuav tau txais ib theem siab tawm los.
Yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim rau lub sij hawm ntawm sowing txiv lws suav?
Feem ntau txiv lws suav yog sown 55-65 hnub ua ntej cog rau hauv av qhib. Saplings tshwm sai sai - cia nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam. Yog li ntawd, lub seedlings yuav sab hauv tsev rau txog ib lub hlis thiab ib nrab.
Kwv yees hnub ntawm cog seedlings:
nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws - los ntawm thib peb xyoo caum ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj mus rau nruab nrab-Lub peb hlis ntuj;- nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thaj tsam ntawm Russia - los ntawm Lub peb hlis ntuj 15 mus rau lub Plaub Hlis thaum ntxov;
- nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb qhov chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation (Siberia, lub Urals) - los ntawm pib mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj.
nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws - los ntawm thib peb xyoo caum ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj mus rau nruab nrab-Lub peb hlis ntuj;Yuav kom txiav txim siab lub sij hawm ntawm sowing txiv lws suav rau hauv koj cheeb tsam, koj yuav tsum tau paub lub hnub tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Frost. Nws yog los ntawm daim duab no uas koj xav tau 55-65 hnub.
Yog hais tias tus grower npaj kom txav lub seedlings tsis mus rau hauv qhib hauv av, tab sis mus rau hauv lub tsev xog paj, ces tus sowing pib 2-3 lub lis piam ua ntej.
Av npaj
Cov av rau cog noob yog qhov zoo tshaj los yuav npaj txhij-ua nyob rau hauv ib lub paj khw - nws yog qhov feem ntau haum. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo coj lub teb chaws los ntawm lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab, nws yuav tsum tau disinfected thiaj li hais tias seedlings tsis tuag. Ntawm no yog lub ntsiab hom ntawm tillage:
- Ci hauv qhov cub rau ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib teev. Qhov cub yuav tsum tau rhuab mus rau 180-200 degrees.
- Ua kom sov li hauv lub microwave (hwj chim yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm 850).
- Kev kho mob dej kub. Ua li no, muab cov av tso rau hauv ib lub taub ntim nrog rau qhov hauv qab thiab muab cov dej npau npau pov tseg. Tom qab ntawd, cov dej yuav tsum ntws tag thiab cov av yuav tsum tau qhuav.
- Disinfection nrog saturated daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate. Txoj kev ntawm daim ntawv thov yog tib yam li nrog dej kub npau npau.
Koj tuaj yeem siv ntau txoj kev hauv ib zaug kom tau txais cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj.
Sai li sai tau tom qab ua cov av tsis tuaj yeem siv. Cov av yuav tsum tau ywg dej nrog dej sim thiab muaj nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm 8-10 degrees Celsius rau ob lub lis piam. Yog li, cov kab mob lig yuav pib hauv cov substrate.
Noob noj thiab cog
Ua ntej sowing, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom tsis tsuas yog cov av, tab sis kuj lub noob.
Txhawm rau tshem ntawm cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm hauv cov khoom cog, koj tuaj yeem siv ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Kua tshuaj kua - 1 g ntawm qhov khoom diluted nyob rau hauv 0.1 liter ntawm dej huv. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws, moisten tej yam ntuj tso thiab muab tso rau noob muaj rau ib feem peb ntawm ib teev. Raug lub sij hawm yuav tsum tsis txhob nce, raws li qhov no yuav ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv noob germination.
- Dej qab zib kua. 0.5 g ntawm dej qab zib yaj nyob rau hauv 0.1 liter dej. Nyob rau hauv no tincture kom lub noob rau ib hnub twg. Xws li ib tug manipulation tsis tsuas yog disinfects cov qoob loo, tab sis kuj txo lub sij hawm ntawm germination.
- Tincture on aloe kua txiv. Dilute nrog dej hauv 1: 1 ratio. Yuav kom muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov noob yuav tsum tau 12-24 xuab moos. Xws li txiv lws suav muaj siab tiv thaiv, siab loo thiab tag nrho cov txiv lws suav.
- Phytosporin tov - rau qhov no, ib tug poob ntawm cov tshuaj yog diluted nyob rau hauv 0.1 liter dej. Noob yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kev daws rau ob peb teev xwb.
Nyob rau hauv lub thawv cog (nws yuav ua tau ib lub peat khob los yog tej yam yas ntim) ncuav lub npaj noo noo av. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv cov av furrows raug muab rau ib tug tob ntawm 1 centimeter. Qhov deb ntawm lub furrows yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 3-4 centimeters.. Rov qab los ntawm lub noob yuav tsum tau 1-2 cm thiab txawm ntau.
Qhov ntau dua qhov deb ntawm cov qoob loo, lub sij hawm ntau koj muaj peev xwm ua kom lub seedlings nyob rau hauv lub chav. Tom qab qhov no, cov noob muaj raus nrog me me ntawm av. Thiab ces cov qoob loo yog them nrog zaj duab xis los yog iav.
Siv dej ntau zaus
Hnyuv av av yuav tsum tau probed txhua hnub.. Yog hais tias tus substrate qhuav, nws yuav tsum tau ywg dej, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ua tau nrog lub raj mis tsuag. Lwm yam, lub noob yuav ntxuav. Yog hais tias qhov teeb meem no nrog rov qab, thiab cov av tseem ntub ntev ntev, koj yuav tsum qhib zaj duab xis ib ntus thiab tos kom txog thaum lub ntiaj teb ua tawm.
Nws tshwm sim hais tias ntau dhau noo noo yuav ua rau tsim ntawm ib txheej ntawm puab. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm puab manifestations manually, thiab tom qab ntawd ces kho cov av nrog ib tug daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate los yog ib tug antifungal neeg sawv cev (piv txwv li, Fundazole los yog Fitosporin).
Sai li sai tau qhov seedlings loj hlob me ntsis, thiab zaj duab xis yog ploj mus, koj yuav tsum tau nce lub zaus ntawm watering, raws li lub zus seedlings nqus nws sai dua. Nws yog zoo dua mus rau dej lub seedlings txhua txhua hnub sawv ntxov ua ntej lub hnub yuav siv sij hawm tawm.yog li ntawd raws li kom tsis txhob tsim ib crust.
Kub tej yam kev mob thaum lub caij cog qoob
Thiaj li rau cov noob loj hlob, lawv yuav tsum tau ua ntej yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 25-30 degrees saum toj no xoom. Thawj tua yuav tshwm sim li ob peb hnub - thaum lub sijhawm no, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum ceev cia thaum 23-27 degrees Celsius. Ib lub lim tiam tom qab, qhov kub poob mus rau + 20-22 degrees. Thiab tom qab xya hnub thiab tag nrho lwm hnub, lub seedlings yuav tsum loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, rhuab mus + 12-15 degrees.
Picks
Thawj nplooj ntoos pa ntawm seedlings tshwm sim rau hnub 10 tom qab germination. Yog hais tias lub noob yog cog heev thickly, nyob rau lub sij hawm no nws yuav tsim nyog los cog lub seedlings nyob rau hauv nyias ntim ntim. Txiv lws suav muaj qhov zoo rau qhov chaw zaum, tab sis txawm li ntawd los, nws yuav tsum ua tiav nrog kev ceev faj.
Hloov lub seedlings mus rau lub lauj kaub nrog ib tug lump ntawm av nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Yuav tsis muaj peev xwm mus rau pinch lub keeb kwm, vim hais tias tom qab no tus seedlings tej zaum yuav tuag.
Vases rau thawj hloov ntshav yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 0.2 liters. Tom qab 15-20 hnub tom qab thawj transplanting, koj yuav tsum hloov cov huam kom loj dua. Qhov siab tagnrho - ib-lauj kaub ib qho nroj tsuag.
Peb muab los saib ib qho video txog yuav ua li cas kom de picking lws suav seedlings:
Fertilization tom qab xaiv
Sai li sai tau cov txiv lws suav tau muab pov tseg, hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus yuav tsum siv rau hauv av.. Thiab ces lawv tau ua txhua txhua xya hnub. Ntau zaus nws tsis yog tsim nyog, txij li ib tug txheej txheem yuav ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab mob. Qhov feem ntau txaus fertilizers yog cov organic - manure los yog droppings. Yog tias koj xaiv ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm yuav khoom, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev xaiv rau cov cuab yeej raws li guano los yog biohumus.
Peb muab saib ib qho video txog chiv ntawv tom qab xaiv lws suav seedlings:
Teeb pom kev zoo
Yog tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom loj hlob zoo seedlings. Yog li ntawd, sai li sai tau thawj zaug tua, lub ntim yuav tsum tau muab rau ib qho chaw zoo-zes. Yog tias txheej txheem pib thaum lub Ob Hlis - Lub Peb Hlis, kev pom kev kaj yuav tseem tsis txaus, yog li koj yuav tsum siv cov phytolamps. Yog tias tsis muaj leej twg, koj tuaj yeem siv cov fluorescent uas zoo tib yam.
Hardening
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov txheej txheem yuav ua rau lub taub hau thiab txoj kev tuag ntawm transplanted nroj.
Hardening yuav tsum tau nqa tawm 10-15 hnub ua ntej yuav poob mus rau ib qho chaw mus tas li. Koj yuav tsum pib nrog ib lub sij hawm luv luv - txog li ib nrab ib teev. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cog txiv lws suav quenching lub sij hawm yuav tsum ncav cuag 10-12 xuab moos.
Qhov no yuav pab tsis tau tsuas yog txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm txiv lws suav, tab sis kuj lawv saj. Dhau li ntawm hardened txiv lws suav yuav ua tau rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ua ntej thawj zaug Autumn frosts.
Peb muab saib ib tug video rau yuav ua li cas kom zoo nkauj hardening lws suav seedlings:
Cov Lus Qhia Tseg
Tom ntej, qhia rau koj paub yuav ua li cas kom cog txiv lws suav seedlings. Qhov deb ntawm kab ntawm txiv lws suav nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av yuav tsum tau kwv yees li 30-40 centimeters. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam, ua ntej cog, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv peat rau cov av (zoo, yog hais tias qhov no yog dub av) (nws muaj peev xwm yuav hloov nrog yuav av peat av).
Rau transplanting seedlings, koj yuav tsum xaiv ib tug cloudy, txias, tsis muaj hnub tsis muaj. Cog ntoo seedlings xav tau ib lub tob ntawm ob peb centimeters. Tom qab 2-3 hnub, ntxiv keeb kwm yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, ces hauv paus system yuav ntxiv dag zog rau thiab ua ntau zog. Muaj lwm txoj kev tsaws.
Koj tsis tuaj yeem quaj tawm hauv keeb kwm ntawm earthen coma, thiab cog nrog nws nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av. Tom qab ntawd ib qhov yog npaj rau lub seedling, lub qhov ntev ntawm uas yog me ntsis loj dua lub ntim ntawm hauv paus nws tus kheej nrog rau cov av.
Peb muab los saib ib qho video txog yuav ua li cas kom tau ib lub noob txiv lws suav seedling:
Xaus
Loj hlob lws suav seedlings nyob rau hauv tsev tsis yog heev yooj yim. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog yog hais tias lub agronomist xav kom tau txais ib tug noj qab haus huv thiab nplua nuj sau.
