Kua "Melba" yog ib yam ntawm cov qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov niaj hnub kua ntoo. Nws yog bred ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo hauv lub xeev Ottawa.
Koj puas paub? Tsob ntoo tshuav nws lub npe mus rau tus naas moo Opera ntawm Australia, nws admirers ntawm daim duab tau pom zoo Canadian breeders.
Cov kua ntoo yog kis thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, ntawm cov teb chaws ntawm USSR qub nws yog nrov heev nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Russia, hauv Ukraine thiab Belarus.
Kua "Melba": piav qhia txog ntau yam
Kua ntoo ntau yam "Melba" Thaum twg piav txog nws, qhov ua kom paub txog qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lawv yuav ua tau ntau heev, mus txog 150 g, muaj ib qho sib npaug zoo, txuas rau puag, thiab ib qho zoo nkauj ntxoov ntxoo. Ib tus cwj pwm ntawm cov pob txaij no yog qee qhov ribbing ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Cov xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog lub teeb ntsuab, tom qab - yellowish, nrog ib tug striped liab "sab" thiab dawb subcutaneous specks. Cov nqaij yog muaj kua, daus-dawb. Kev saj ntawm Melba kua yog sweetish nrog qab ntxiag khoom qab thiab cov saj thiab tsw ntawm khoom qab zib, uas tso cai rau lawv ua ib qho khoom raw zoo rau cov zuaj, jams thiab ntau yam compotes.
Melba txiv apples yog cov nplua nuj nyob hauv ascorbic acid, uas yog ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob ntsws. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no Kua muaj pectin tshuaj uas tswj cov txheej txheem redox nyob rau hauv lub cev. "Apple" Melba muaj qhov siab nruab nrab ntawm tsob ntoo. Kolonovidnoe nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tsob ntoo nthuav dav thiab siv daim npas.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas daim tawv nqaij xim daj nyob rau hauv ib tug laus neeg laus - xim av. Cov nplooj yog oval, me ntsis elongated thiab curved. Lub paj zoo nkauj heev, dawb thiab liab, nyob rau hauv ib tug Bud - nrog ib tug liab tinge, petals yog overlapped.
Apple sau pib muab, nyob ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab huab cua, los ntawm ob nrab ntawm lub yim hli ntuj mus rau ib nrab-Cuaj hlis. Rau kev khaws nyiaj mus ntev, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau tshem tawm cov txiv apples thiab cia rau hauv lub tub yees los yog hauv qhov cub.
Kua ntoo qhia tau hais tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws ntawm skoroplodnost. Kev kho zoo yuav tso cai rau koj pib ntxawm rau 3-4 xyoo tom qab cog. Thaum lub hauv paus tsob ntoo yog cov me, nws muab rau 85 kg ntawm cov qoob loo txhua xyoo, txawm li ntawd los, "lub sijhawm ntawm so" pib tshwm nrog lub hnub nyoog.
"Melba" tsis muaj lub caij ntuj no zoo thiab muaj peev xwm raug kev kub ntxhov. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no muaj ntau yam kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug mob heev.
Hom thiab ntau hom raws li "Melby"
Muaj ntau tshaj 20 hom txiv apples, bred nrog kev koom tes ntawm "Melby". Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog superior rau lawv "txwv zeej" ob leeg nyob rau hauv tsis kam mus rau scab thiab heev Frost, thiab loj thiab saj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Yog li ntawd, nyob rau sab qaum teb-West ntawm Russia, Liab Melba thiab Melba tus ntxhais feem ntau heev.
Kev xaiv ntau yam, nyob rau ntawm Melba, lub Koog ntoo "Lub caij nplooj zeeg", Pepin Saffron, Bellefle-Chita, thiab Purple Ranetka, tau pub nyob rau xyoo 1958 coj tawm cov koob yees duab ntau yam, tshwj xeeb txog kev tiv thaiv txias thiab tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
American breeders nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Melba bred Kua Prima, tsaug rau cov noob Vf yog suab tsis nquag rau scab.
Caravel yog ib tug Canadian kua ntau, kuj tshuav nws cov tsos rau Melbe. Nws yog lub caij ntuj no-Hardy, txawv nyob rau hauv ntau harmonious saj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab lawv nyuam qhuav pib ripening.
Thaum kawg, Early Aloe Vera thiab Red Aloe Vera muaj ntau yam bred los ntawm Lavxias teb sab breeders ntawm lub VNIIS npe tom qab IV Michurin (Papirova koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm thawj, tsuas yog Melba, Papirovka coj ib feem, lub thib ob - Caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntau yam).
Kua "Melba": nta cov tsaws
Kua ntoo yog cov ntoo nyob ntev. Qee lub neej muaj kev cia siab rau lawv yog 70-80 xyoo.
Koj puas paub? Cov lus dab neeg hais tias ib qho kua ntoo, cog hauv 1647, hlob thiab txawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv Manhattan.
Txawm li cas los xij, yuav kom tsob ntoo nyob ntev ntev, koj yuav tsum paub seb yuav ua li cas thiab seb yuav cog nws li cas thiab yuav tu nws li cas.
Kua "Melba", zoo li lwm hom kua ntoo, tuaj yeem cog rau lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, tom qab foliage ntog, los yog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej cov paj tawg. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau ob qho tib si nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob tuaj lig.
Nws ntseeg tias cog ntoo nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg yog ntau nyiam, txij li thaum qhov no lub hauv paus ntawm seedling, uas yog inevitably puas los ntawm kev khawb, muaj sij hawm kom rov qab thaum lub caij ntuj no, thiab los ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsob ntoo tau muab nws tus kheej nrog cov as-ham.
Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias qhov kub nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no falls -20 °, nws yog zoo dua mus muab nyiam mus rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua.
"Yuav ua li cas cog ntoo kua hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav Melba?" - lus nug tseem ceeb. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua kom sai li sai tau, thaum tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau them rau tas mus li thiab tshaj wateringraws li ziab yuav qeeb qhov kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug yub thiab nce nws susceptibility rau pests thiab kab mob.
Xaiv qhov chaw tsaws chaw
Txij li thaum lub hauv paus ntoo "Melba" tseem ceeb heev rau cov huab cua loj heev, xav txog kev nyab xeeb hauv koj thaj av ua ntej yuav nyob ntawm no ntau yam.
Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw rau cog, nco ntsoov tias yuav tsum tsis muaj dej hauv plawv saum npoo, txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv yuav ntxuav li lub keeb kwm ntawm seedling, tsob ntoo yuav pib rot thiab yuav tuag nyob rau hauv ceev. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov xwm txheej no, siv tej yam toj siab cog qoob cog ntoo. Yog hais tias qhov no tsis muaj peev xwm, sim tshem ntau cov khoom siv los ntawm artificially dug channels.
Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum yog cov av rau cog
Cov av uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm av nplaum thiab ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov xuab zeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo hauv paus, vim nws yog xuab zeb uas muab cov pa mus rau hauv cov hauv paus. Yog hais tias lub ntuj av nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw intended rau cog tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau teev tseg, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ncuav xuab zeb, ces peat crumb, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm compost nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov khawb dug rau Melba Kua seedlings. Nyob rau hauv no av, tsob ntoo yog tsawg dua mob thiab muab ib tug high tawm los.
Kua cog tshuab
Thiaj li rau lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo kua kom muaj txaus qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob thiab illumination, rau li qub flowering thiab ripening txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhov deb ntawm seedlings yuav tsum los ntawm 3 mus rau 8 m. 
Lub qhov taub rau cog yog npaj ua ntej. Nws yuav tsum yog hais txog ib lub 'meter' nyob rau hauv lub cheeb thiab 70-80 cm tob, nyob ntawm seb lub hauv paus system ntawm ib qho kev seedling. Nyob rau nram qab kawg ntawm tus pit tam sim ntawd tso poom thiab walnut shells. Thaj av hlais raug muab faib ua ob ntu - qhov qis txheej thiab lub siab tshaj plaws.
Cog kob ntoo yuav tsum nyob rau hauv 1-2 lub lis piam. Ua ntej no, qis txheej ntawm av yog poured rau hauv aub tsiv, ces - ib sab sauv, fertilized nrog peat thiab humus. Tsis txhob hnov qab ntsa taws ua rau lub qhov tsoo thaum tsaug zog.
Yog hais tias lub yub me me me heev, koj tuaj yeem khawb ib tug pas los yog lwm yam kev txhawb nqa mus rau hauv av nrog nws, uas koj tuaj yeem khi ib tsob ntoo kom tiv thaiv nws los ntawm muaj zog ntawm gusts cua.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab cog, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau poured nplua mias nrog dej.
Nta cov dej, pub thiab tu cov av
Rau kev noj qab nyob zoo thiab zoo sau ntawm Melba lub hauv paus ntoo, nws xav tau kom ua raws li kev cog lus kom cog thiab tu kom zoo.
Raws li thaum ntxov tom ntej caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tom qab cog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog ob zaug - tom qab lub buds swell thiab cia li ua ntej blooming ntawm buds - kom tshuaj tsuag ntawm tsob ntoo nrog npaj uas pab tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm kab.
Pub ib tsob ntoo cog rau lub hauv paus pib ntawm 3 lub xyoos. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus siv organic chiv - manure los yog humus. Tshauv, dawb nplooj thiab qhuav nyom yog zoo rau cov khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus, uas muab tso rau hauv av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev ntoo.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom khawb av nyob ze ntawm lub tsob ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo kom paub meej ntawm oxygen thiab chiv rau nws cov hauv paus hniav. Whitewashing ua kua ntoo nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg yuav tiv thaiv nws ntawm kab tsuag thiab ntau yam kab mob. Koj yuav tsum tau dej tsob ntoo ua ntu zus ua ke thiab zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thawj lub caij ntuj sov tom qab cog.
Yuav ua li cas txiav ib lub kua ntoo kom raug, tsim ntawm ib tug crown
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim cov yas ntawm ib tsob ntoo los ntawm cov pob txha kom zoo, qhov no yog tus yuam sij rau siab yield.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua rau ob leeg laus thiab cov ntoo me!
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub tsob ntoo kua yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xyuas, tshem tawm cov qub ceg thiab me ntsis tag nrho cov so. Nws stimulates qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov kab los ntawm cov ceg ntoo, yog li tsis txhob ntshai txiav ntau dhau. Tsuav tuab cov zaub ntsuab thiab tshaj qhov ntoo nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tsis tseem ceeb yog cov yeeb ncuab ntawm kev sau!
Thaum qhaj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings sab tua yuav tsum raug txiav nyob rau ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm ib meter los ntawm hauv av. Sab cov nplooj yog txiav ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 0.5 m Nco ntsoov tshem tawm cov ceg uas tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lub pob txha loj heev - txhua yam uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib qho mob ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm pruning yog cai tib yam: koj yuav tsum tau tsim lub cev pob txha ntawm ib tsob ntoo, tawm hauv lub muaj zog tshaj tua thiaj li lawv tsim lub widest tau kaum nrog lub pob tw. Qhov qis ceg yuav txiav, tawm hauv txog 30 cm, sab saum toj - txawm muaj zog. Lub ntsiab pob tw yuav tsum yog 15-20 cm siab tshaj lub lateral tua. Tom qab lub tsob ntoo kua txiv nce mus txog 5 xyoos, qhov siv ntawm pruning yuav tsum tau txo, pub kom tus ntoo muaj peev xwm heev heev qeeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib tug zoo sau tau coj tsuas yog ib tsob ntoo uas muaj ib tug zoo-groomed thiab compact crown, nyob rau hauv uas tag nrho ceg tau muab nrog qhov chaw txaus thiab lub teeb!
Kua "Melba": tus tshaj lij thiab cov av ntawm ntau yam
Lub kua ntoo ntawm no ntau yam muaj ib lub npe zoo ntawm cov niaj hnub gardeners. Ntawm nws cov zoo yog lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm ripening thiab high tawm los. Apples ntawm no ntau yam, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd zoo kawg saj thiab high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov vitamins thiab kab kawm nyob rau hauv lawv, muaj ib qho kev nthuav qhia zoo, txaus tolerate kev thauj mus los thiab zoo khaws cai.
Ntawm qhov shortcomings ntawm no ntau yam yuav tsum tau muab tso rau siab qis ntawm Frost thiab ib tug nyiam mob tau nrog scab. Tsis tas li ntawd, Melba kua tsob ntoo tsis zoo rau nws tus kheej-pollination, thiab kuj nyhav tsis tau ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhua txhua xyoo, tag nrho cov ntawm no yog hais txog kev rho tawm ntau yam.
Yuav ua li cas npaj ib tsob ntoo ntoo rau lub caij ntuj no
Qhov qis qis heev ntawm Melba kua tsob ntoo dictates tshwj xeeb cov cai rau kev npaj tsob ntoo rau lub caij ntuj no. Los ntawm wrapping lub pob tw ntawm ib tsob ntoo ntoo nrog agrofibre, burlap los yog ib co lwm daim ntaub, koj muaj peev xwm pab tau lub tsob ntoo kua muaj sia nyob txias thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm nas thiab luav. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog kom tsis txhob siv rau lub hom phiaj no yog ib daim ntaub ntawm cov xim tsaus, txwv tsis pub lub sij hawm ntawm thaw lub bark ntawm lub tsob ntoo kua muaj peev xwm subside.
Thaum muaj dej loj ntog, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau podgresti rau pob tw ntawm lub tsob ntoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm snowdrift, uas, ntawm ib tes, warms tsob ntoo, nyob rau lwm yam - lav dej ntuj thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug thaw, lub snow yaj tau tsim ib qho dej khov rau ntawm lub tsob ntoo kua, uas tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum raug tso cai, txwv tsis pub tsob ntoo tuag vim yog tsis muaj oxygen nyob rau hauv hauv paus system. Kua "Melba" - ib lub zoo ntau yam rau kev loj hlob hauv lub vaj. Nrog kev kho mob zoo, nws yuav ua rau koj muaj kev txaus siab ntau xyoo.
