Beetroot belongs rau tsev neeg Amaranth (yav dhau los tau koom nrog Mariev tsev neeg). Hauv qab Lavxias Lavxias Lavxias teb sab muaj lub npe hu ua "Buriak".
Ntau yam: paus thiab nplooj ntoos beets. Cov qoob loo hauv paus cog qoob loo muaj cov ntxhuav, conical los yog hloov cov kab thiab cov nqaij liab tsaus.
Cov ntawv nyeem piav qhia yuav ua li cas npaj cov noob nyob rau hauv tsev thiab yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob txawv ntau yam ntawm beets, thiab qhov twg nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nrog rau cov Sweet Qab Zib ntau yam.
Cultivation nta
Beet noob yog ib tug noob txiv uas muaj ob los sis peb noob, txhua tus uas ua rau ib tug sprout. Txhawm rau kom cov kab mob loj hlob tuaj thaum cog qoob loo, nws pom zoo kom muab cov noob kom 2-3 hnub hauv tsev: ncuav rau hauv ib lub taub ntim nrog cov dej tsawg (cov kua yuav tsum tau tsuas npog cov noob), thiab hloov dej txhua txhua 4-6 teev. Tsis tas li, kom nce ntawm kev ua si ntawm germination, koj muaj peev xwm soak lub noob rau 12-18 xuab moos nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws ntawm boric acid (nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 0.2 g ib 1 liter dej).
Thaum sowing ncaj qha mus rau hauv av raws li thaum ntxov li sai tau, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau sprout lub seedlings, lwm yam thickening yuav ua rau cov nroj tsuag mus tsis muaj zog. Nrog ib tug seedling txoj kev, thinning tsis yog yuav tsum tau; ntxiv rau, qhov no txoj kev txhawb nqa cov noob txuag thiab txhim kho seedling kev loj hlob. Beet kub-hlub, rau noob germination yuav tsum tau ib tug kub tsis qis tshaj li 8 ° C.
Thaum twg thiab qhov twg yog lub noob cog?
Beetroot yog lub thermophilic kab lis kev cai ntawm cov hauv paus nroj tsuag, nws cov seedlings yog puas nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm Rho tawm 2-3 ° C.
Sowing yog kwv yees li ntawm ob lub lim tiam tom qab lub carrot. Beets hlub kom loj hlob nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm Ridge, uas yog vim li cas nws blends zoo nyob rau tib qhov chaw nrog kohlrabi, celery thiab cauliflower. Prefers zoo-zes chaw, nyob rau hauv thawj zaug ntawm kev loj hlob (ua ntej tying hauv paus) yuav tsum noo noo. Ib qho yooj yim tolerates hloov ntshav.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv qib qeb?
Tam sim no, muaj ntau ntau imported hybrids ntawm beets, tsiag ntawv los ntawm thaum ntxov ripening thiab tsis kam mus rau tus kab mob.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias txhua beet ntau yam muaj nws tus yam ntxwv:
| Beet dog dig | |||
| Hauv paus | Leafy | ||
| Beetroot | Qab zib beet. | Fodder beet. | Lwm cov npe:
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| Nws tshwm sim liab thiab dawb. | Yellowish dawb, siv los ua piam thaj. Qhov feem ntau lig kom loj hlob. | Technical culture, mus rau pub cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb. Cov duab thiab xim ntawm txawv ntau yam txawv. | Nplooj thiab petioles yog noj, cov qoob loo paus tsis tuaj. |
| Beetroot | ||
| Winifolia | Rubrifolia | Atrorubra |
| Ntsuab nplooj thiab petiole (tej zaum petiole weakly pigmented), keeb kwm ntawm elongated conical duab, muaj zog keeb kwm. | Xim liab nplooj thiab cov hauv paus hniav. Sib npaug, sib npaug-conical los yog sib npaug-daim ntawv ntawm paus qoob loo. | Maub liab nqaij thiab tsaus ntsuab nplooj ntsuab nrog liab-violet leeg. |
Naas ej ntau yam:
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Tshiab xaiv ntau yam:
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Qab zib beet:
- Clarina;
- Nancy;
- Boheme;
- Bona;
- Sphinx;
- Mandarin.
Fodder beet:
- Lada;
- Milan;
- Kev Cia Siab;
- Barres;
- Ntaub ntawv;
- Vermon, lwm yam.
Nplooj ntoos beet:
- Kev zoo nkauj;
- Scarlet;
- Liab;
- Ntsuab;
- Belavinka;
- Dawb Nyiaj;
- Dawb Nyiaj 2;
- Dawb Nyiaj 3;
- Lucullus, lwm yam.
Yeej, nyob rau hauv lub teb lawv loj hlob beets.
Qhov qib twg zoo dua?
| Thaum Ntxov ntau yam |
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| Mid-lub caij ntau yam |
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| Lig ntau yam |
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Tswv yim rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsev me
AvNrog ib qho tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua rau cov quav tshiab, raws li hauv paus tuaj yeem pib lwj. Rau thaum ntxov-ripening ntau yam, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los siv zoo-drained, fertile xau. Rau tom qab ntau yam nws yog ib qhov ua tau los siv hnyav xau.
- Thaum xub thawj beets.
Lawv muaj 2-3 stems txhua tus, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntawm qhov sib dhos yog 10 cm, qhov sib kis yog 15-20 cm Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Ob Hlis - pib ntawm Lub Peb Hlis, qhov sowing ua nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev cog khoom, thiab txij thaum lub Peb Hlis mus rau Plaub Hlis - nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av (raws li tib lub tswvyim).
- Mid-lub caij ntau yam.
Nyob rau hauv Lub Tsib Hlis los sis Lub Rau Hli, qhib kev cog qoob loo yog nqa tawm. Sow ob los yog peb noob (ib cov noob). Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntsaws - 10-15 cm, kab spacing 30 cm.
- Submarine cultivation.
Qhov kawg ntawm Lub Rau Hli los yog pib ntawm Lub Xya Hli. Qhov deb ntawm qhov nyob yog 7-8 cm, nruab nrab ntawm kab - 30 cm.
- Loj hlob beet seedlings.
Cov txiaj ntsig - txais thawj cov zaub hauv paus txog 20 hnub ua ntej. Cog beets yuav tsum pib tsis muaj ntxov tshaj Lub Plaub Hlis, thiab los ntawm nruab nrab-May, koj muaj peev xwm twb cog sprouts nyob rau hauv qhib rau hauv av. Nrog no hom ntawm cog, tsis zoo li cog nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av, thinning tsis yog yuav tsum tau. Thaum transplanting mus rau hauv qhib hauv av, lub hauv paus paus yog shortened mus rau ib feem peb ntawm qhov ntev.
Yuav kom ceev li rooting, seedlings tiv thaiv los ntawm lub hnub nrog non-woven cov khoom thiab watered nrog ib tug daws ntawm humate. Thaum lub seedlings muaj zog, lub vaj tse yog muab tshem tawm, cov nroj tsuag yog thinned, thiab tom qab ntawd ces cog thaj mulched kom tswj av noo noo thiab tiv thaiv tawm tsam weeds.
AvSecrets ntawm ib tug zoo sau
Yuav ua li cas loj hlob beets nyob rau hauv qhib tua?
- Seedlings yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav rov-zus, vim me me nroj tsuag noj paus zoo.
- Lub seedling txoj kev rau fodder beet tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb, raws li nws nce nws tsim tau.
- Beetroots xav tau kab kawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog boron.
- Rau to top hnav khaub ncaws nws yog zoo dua xaiv wood tshauv thiab potash chiv.
- Weeding yog nqa tawm sai li sai tau tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm seedlings ntawm beets.
Kauj ruam tu
Watering
Tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb yog li niaj zaus watering ntawm beets nyob rau hauv kub, qhuav huab cua. Kwv yees li ntawm 10 liters ib 1 m² yuav tsum tau siv ib lub lim tiam. Tshaj dej ntau dhau kuj yog tsis zoo, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob zoo tuaj.thiab tsis paus zaub. Yog hais tias lub chaw tsis yog mulch, ces tom qab hnub tom qab watering nws yuav tsum tau plowed 4 cm Lub ntiaj teb ib ncig ntawm lub plantings yog loosened nrog ib tug hoe, yam uas tsis tau kov lub nroj tsuag lawv tus kheej. Yuav kom nce lub qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntawm beets ua ntej watering nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau dissolve ib tug tablespoon ntawm lub rooj ntsev. Los txhim kho kom zoo ntawm cov qoob loo paus, watering yog nres ob lub lis piam ua ntej harvesting.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Beets yuav tsum tau pub txhua txhua ob lub lim tiam nrog ib qho kev daws ntawm potash fertilizer (txog 3 dia. Thaum nplooj ntoos loj hlob qis dua, ib qho infusion yog muab nrog Txoj Kev lis ntshav ntawm nroj. Koj tseem yuav pub beet infusions ntawm mullein: 1 thoob ntawm mullein thiab ib nrab ib thoob ntawm tshauv rau 10 thoob dej.
Cultivation technology
Qhov zoo ntawm qhov loj hlob beets tshaj li lwm cov zaub yog tau siv ib pawg ntawm cov cav tov.
- Seeders. Muaj kev txiav txim siab thiab siv phau ntawv. Tsis siv neeg siv rau loj hlob beets on loj thaj av, phau ntawv - rau loj hlob nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej lub vaj. Automatic seeders raug faib ua mechanical (nrog rau siab ua haujlwm ntawm 6 km / h) thiab pneumatic (7-8 km / h). Daim ntawv yauv yog tsim rau tib-kab sowing ntawm noob, nrog nws cov kev pab nws tau cog ib daim av thaj av ntawm 10 daim av ib xuab moos. Ua tsaug rau cov cog noob, cov noob txuag yog ua tau, nrog rau kev faib cuab yeej ntawm cov khoom cog.
- Thinners.
- Tawb cultivators. Tsim rau habil, fertilization thiab hilling.
- Beet harvesters. Tsim los ntawm kev sau cov suab thaj thiab fodder beets. Muaj ob hom: hom tshuaj txhuam ntau tshaj plaws (cov hauv paus hniav yog muab los ntawm cov av los ntawm txoj kev sib tw, thiab cov saum yog txiav tawm hauv lub tshuab) thiab nrog rau qhov txiav tawm ntawm cov saum.
- Haulm harvesters
- Beetroot loaders. Muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab txawb. Nqa tawm ntawm kev xaiv cov hauv paus qoob loo, ib nrab tu ntawm hauv av, thiab kev thau khoom.
Agricultural engineering yuam kev
Xav txog yog vim li cas qoob loo tsis zoo ib txwm zoo nyob rau hauv lub vaj thiab ua li cas kom tau txais ib qho kev sau ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab loj paus cov qoob loo.
- Nws yog tsim nyog los soj ntsuam huab cua: yog hais tias beet cov qoob loo poob nyob rau hauv ib qho muaj zog qis ntawm kub, ces lawv muaj peev xwm mus rau hauv tsvetushnost tsis muaj ovary ntawm hauv paus.
- Nws tsis pom zoo rau cog beets on qaub thiab waterlogged xau.
- Yog hais tias dawb rings yog pom ntawm hauv paus hauv paus, nws txhais tau hais tias beets tau overfed nrog nitrogen chiv. Qhov no beet yog tsis pom zoo rau cov khoom noj.
Sau thiab cia ntawm paus zaub
Nrog thaum ntxov sowing, koj muaj peev xwm sim harvesting raws li thaum ntxov raws li Lub Xya hli ntuj., tab sis lub ntsiab feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav ripen tsuas yog los ntawm lub yim hli ntuj. Thaum lig sowing beets yog harvested nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj los yog lub Kaum Hlis. Rau cia, paus cov qoob loo yog pw hauv thawv ntawm ib tug luv luv deb ntawm txhua lwm yam, sprinkling lawv nrog sawdust. Nws yog tsim nyog los khaws beets nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev tiv thaiv los ntawm Frost.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
| Cov kab mob | |
| Fungus kab mob seedling seedlings | Vim lub thickening ntawm cov qoob loo, lub noob-beet hauv caug ntawm beets dries tawm thiab dhau dub. Lub qia ntawm lub txoos dries. Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob, cov qoob loo yog watered nrog ib tug daws ntawm Fitosporin, thiab kuj kom zoo zoo thinned. |
| Perinospora los yog maub cov mildew | Nws yog tsim nyog los dej tsob nroj cog "Fitosporina". |
| Nplooj mosaic | Tus kab mob kis, txo cov yields. Tam sim no, txoj kev siv txoj kev tawm tsam yeej tsis pom. |
| Kab tsuag | |
| Beet aphid | Nws yog tsim nyog los kho cov nroj tsuag nrog rau kev npaj "Fitoferm". Tom qab ob rau tom qab ua tiav cov nroj tsuag tau noj. |
| Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov | Nws yog tsim nyog rau dej lub nroj tsuag nrog ib tug daws ntawm ntsev (1 khob ntsev nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej). |
| Beetroot kab laum | Yog vim li cas rau qhov sib kis yog maj. |
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntau yam teeb meem
- Thaum loj hlob chard (nplooj ntoos beet), koj yuav tsum tas li tshem tawm cov ntug nplooj, uas tau tam sim ntawd siv raws li cov khoom noj. Lwm yam, cov nroj tsuag yuav Bloom.
- Red beet nplooj - ib qho taw qhia ntawm heev acidic av los yog tsis muaj sodium. Txhawm rau tshem ntawm qhov teeb meem, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los sprinkle cov av nrog ashes, thiab ces ncuav lub nroj tsuag ncaj qha rau ntawm nplooj nrog dej ntsev (1 khob ntsev rau 10 liv dej). Siv 1 l. kho 1 meter ntawm landings.
Beetroot yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaubmov: nws yog cov vitamins thiab microelements, vim nws cov ntsiab lus tseemceeb, nws yog siv rau kev tivthaiv cov kabmob, ntxiv mus, beet yog nplua nuj hlau, uas ua rau nws yog ib qho tseemceeb pabcuam kev kho mob ntawm anemia (dab tsi yog qhov zoo zaub zaub rau?). Thaum lub sij hawm muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm beets, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, tsiaj pub, nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm qab zib, uas ua rau nws yog ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb cov khoom nyob rau hauv peb lub neej.
