German qos ntau yam Alvar rau ib tug nplua nuj thiab six sau tsis muaj hassle

Siab tawm los, zoo saj, tsis kam mus rau tus kab mob - tag nrho cov no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm Alvar qos ntau yam.

Qhov ntau yam yog bred los ntawm German breeders - cov kwv tij Frank thiab Winfried Lange.

Ob tug kwv tij tau kawm nyob rau hauv University of Giessen hauv Frankfurt, tom qab uas lawv tiv thaiv cov kws kho mob cov ntawv: Winfried - rau phytopathology, Frank - rau biotechnology cog.

Thaum yug me nyuam Alvar ntau yam, lub hom phiaj yog tsim tshiab medium ntau yamuas yuav muaj tus cwj pwm zoo dua qub dua qub qub.

Hauv xyoo 1975, ob tug niam txiv tub tau hla thiab, tom qab 10 xyoo ntawm qhov kev xaiv tsis tseg, lawv tau xaiv ib cov cag zaub uas dhau tag nrho cov kev xeem. Nyob rau hauv 1985, Alvar tau sau npe nyob rau hauv lub register ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no ntau yam yog muaj txhua txhua xyoo zoo chaw, ua tsaug rau nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov qoob loo ntawm cov av, txawm unprofitable.

Alvar Qos yaj ywm: ntau yam piav qhia thiab duab

Qhov nruab nrab thaum ntxov ntau yam ripens 70 - 80 hnub tom qab cog, tsis degenerate, rau cov uas nws yog ntau txaus siab los ntawm cov ua liaj ua teb thiab gardeners. Lub Bush yog siab nrog tuab nplooj, lub paj yog liab qab-liab, lub tubers yog muab tso rau hauv hauv av shallowly, compactly.

Tus naj npawb ntawm tubers yog loj, lawv txhua yam hais txog tib lub loj, kho cov tsiaj txhu oval, qhov muag me, ntiav. Cov nqaij yog daj, zoo saj, nrog ib tug starch cov ntsiab lus ntawm 13 - 15%.

Koj tuaj yeem piv qhov ntsuas no nrog lwm hom siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

Ib lub duab thaij duab ntawm Alvar qos ntau yam:

Cov tawm los ntawm ntau yam yog 470 - 540 centners ib hectare, kev ua lag luam - txog li 93%. Muab txhais ua hom lus ntawm ib tug dog yauv gardener, qhov tawm los yog txog 500 kg ntawm qos yaj ywm los ntawm ib lub weave.

Resistant ntau yam yuav luag txhua hom kab mob thiab kab mob, nrog rau:

• Scab.
• Golden nematode.
• Cancer
• Alternaria
• Rhizoctoniosis.

Ntawm minuses - susceptibility rau lig blight rau saum, hauv av ib feem ntawm lub Bush. Tubers yog ntau resistant rau phytophthora.

Daim ntawv thov

Qos yaj ywm muaj zoo saj, nws yog siv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv kev siv thiab nyob rau ib qho kev lag luam.

Alvar ntau yam, muaj tubers ntawm yuav luag tib loj thiab tsis tu ncua oval duab, yog zoo rau kev chips, crackers. Root zaub yog ua tiav rau starch, qhuav mashed qos yaj ywm.

Cog, loj hlob thiab cia

Ua ntej cog tubers xav tau me ntsis sov, muab lawv lub thermal thawb, tab sis nco ntsoov tias ntev ntawm germinated sprouts tsis tshaj 2 - 3 cm, pub kom lawv tau tawg tawm thaum pw nyob rau hauv hauv av.

Furrows, rau zoo dua illumination, yog ua los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb. Qhov deb ntawm kab yuav tsum 65 - 75 cm, thiab nruab nrab ntawm tubers - txog 35 cm.

Alvar qos yaj ywm ntau yam zoo heev khaws cia, tsis germinate, tsis rot thiab preserves tus saj mus rau tus tshiab sau. Ntau depleted, neeg pluag yog pom zoo kom yuav fertilized nrog peat, humus los yog tshuaj chiv. Nyeem txog yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg thov fertilizer thiab seb nws yuav tsum tau ua thaum cog, koj tuaj yeem nyeem tau cov khoom ntawm peb lub vev xaib.

Kom cog qoob loo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom saib xyuas cov kev ua liaj ua teb kom zoo thiab siv cov khoom tsim nyog los ua kom cov qoob loo thiab tshem tau kab tsuag.

Peb coj los rau koj mloog cov khoom ntawm vim li cas thiab yuav ua li cas kom zoo siv fungicides, herbicides thiab insecticides.

Variety tau tsim nws tus kheej high yield thoob plaws hauv Russia.

Alvar tsis yog ntshai ntawm drought, Frost thiab Sudden kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov huab cua puag. Av uas koj tuaj yeem cog Alvar qos ntau yam:

• dub av;
• av nplaum av;
• xuab zeb qhwv thiab xuas xuab zeb;
• peat-gel;
• podzolic;
• sod-podzolic;
• chestnut;
• grey
• xim av.

Qhov zoo ntawm qib no yog 90%. Nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm lwm yam ntau yam koj yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no:

Kab mob thiab kab tsuag

Qos yaj ywm muaj peev xwm ua puas tsuaj ntau pests, tab sis tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb suav hais tias yog lub Colorado qos beetle.

Cov laus cov neeg nteg qe ntawm cov nplooj thiab cov ceg ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Hatched larvae yog sai li txais rau noj lub Bush. Lub Colorado qos beetle tau ua puas cov qoob loo nyob rau hauv ib qho teeb meem ntawm hnub los ntawm noj lub ntsuab qhov chaw ntawm bushes mus rau hauv av

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua:

1. Kev ua ntawm tubers ua ntej cog rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb daws uas tiv thaiv kab lis kev cai 40 - 60 hnub.
2. Tus ua ntawm stems nrog tshuaj tua kab yog twb nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm loj hlob qos yaj ywm. Thaum xaiv ob txoj kev, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nqa tawm kev sai li sai tau lub larvae hatched.

Peb kuj tseem yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj los tiv thaiv Colorado kab laum. Feem ntau yog siv:

• Aktara.
• Regent
• Corado.
• Prestige.

Alvar ntau yam yog resistant mus rau cov kab mob thiab cov pests, susceptible tsuas mus lig blight, thiab tag nrho cov kev siv zog yuav tsum tau ua rau nws tshwj xeeb nrog lig blight.

Phytophthora yog ib tug kab mob nroj tsuag tshwm sim los ntawm parasitic fungi, manifested by xim av rot.

Raug tau tus kab mobsprouting qos yaj ywm ua ntej cog, alternating cog qos yaj ywm nrog lwm cov qoob loo, tillage yog pom zoo.

Nyob rau hauv huab cua zoo rau luam ntawm phytophthora (high humidity), kev kho mob yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nrog ib qho ntawm cov preparations nram qab no los yog nws cov analogues:

• Azocene 5%.
• Modex.
• Polycarbacin 80%.
• Chloroxide tooj liab.
• Ntse 60%.

Koj yuav tsum paub hais tias qhov kawg kev kho mob yog nqa tawm tsis muaj ntxov tshaj 20 hnub ua ntej tus sau.

Yog hais tias koj xav kom yug ib tug medium medium ntau, uas muab ib tug nplua nuj sau rau tej av, resistant mus rau cov kab mob, ces them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau German ntau yam ntawm qos Alvar. Rau climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm Russia, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum.