Ib tug npaus npauj npaim, hu ua "wax moth", txawm nws loj me me, tau tau koob meej ua ib tug yeeb ncuab tua kabmob ntawm cov muv.
Beekeepers yog tirelessly sib ntaus lub moth waxing thiab nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev tiv thaiv lawv cov teb los ntawm uninvited qhua.
Qhov zoo ces, qhov no muaj ntau cov cuab yeej zoo thiab cov hau kev.
Niaj hnub no, xav txog dab tsi yog npauj npaim? Yuav ua li cas yog nws txaus ntshai thiab yuav ua li cas tau tshem ntawm wax quav moth nyob rau hauv lub Hive?
Dab tsi ua peb paub txog kab tsuag?
Siv npauj npua yog hais txog lub npauj npaim uas yog cov tsev neeg Ognivok. Qhov no kab nyob rau hauv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm tsim beekeeping, yog tus kabmob phem tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg hu ua beehives.
Cov loj npauj npauj txawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Nws cov wingspan muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 35 hli.. Kev hnav ris tsho pem hauv ntej ntawm npauj npaim sib xyaw xim daj thiab xim daj-xim av, thaum lub tis nram qab yog xim daj.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug me me Bee moth lub tis nyob rau hauv ib ncua ncua tsis pub ntev tshaj 24 hli.. Cov xim ntawm nws sab pem hauv ntej tis yog grey-xim av, thiab hind tis yog silvery-dawb.
Cov neeg laus npauj npaim tsis tau khoom noj., vim hais tias nws digestive plab hnyuv siab raum yog xyaum undeveloped. Nws nyob ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis thaum lub sij hawm hauv kev loj hlob. Lub neej ntawm cov poj niam yog li 2 lub lis piam, cov txiv neej yog ob mus rau peb lub lis piam.
Poj niam butterflies heev prolific. Ua rau nws txoj kev mus rau hauv Hive thaum tsaus ntuj los yog thaum tsaus ntuj, nws nteg txog 300 lub qe nyob hauv ib qho khoob khoob, khov lossis hauv av hauv quav. Rau ib lub neej luv luv, ib tug poj niam ntawm no moliform npauj npaim tau nteg tau 1,500 qe.
Tom qab txog 10 hnub qe tshwm dawb kab laum 1 hli nrog lub teeb daj hau. Noj kom zoo, lawv maj mam tig mus rau hauv caterpillars ntawm tsaus grey xim mus txog 2-3.5 cm ntev.
Tom qab 30 hnub txij li thaum pib ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, tus kab nyuam ua rau lub cocoon, tuav nws nyob rau hauv lye los yog ntawm kaum ntawm lub Hive, thiab pupates. Tom qab 10-11 hnub, npauj npaim tshiab tawm ntawm lub cocoon, npaj txhij los tsim ua ntxiv rau tiam tom ntej ob lub lim tiam ntawm nws lub neej.
Yuav ua li cas lub moth wax zoo li - lub yees duab hauv qab no:
Ua kom mob
Qhov quav npauj yog tiag tiag muaj kev puas tsuaj rau beekeepers. Nws cov gluttonous larvae noj cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb. Thaum txoj kev loj hlob, lawv muaj peev xwm nqa lub Hive mus rau xws li ib lub xeev tias Bee tsev neeg tsis sawv ntsug li lub chaw sib raug zoo thiab tawm hauv nws lub tsev.
Thaum pib ntawm lub neej, cov zaub mov ntawm lub larvae yog perga thiab zib mu. Thaum tau muaj zog, lawv twb pib noj cov khoom siv cellular, insulating khoom, qhov seem ntawm Bee brood. Caterpillars mercilessly lwj qhov honeycomb, sib sau nyob rau hauv lawv ntau tunnels.
Tsiv cov taw, lawv tso lawv lub plab plob tsis so ntswg thiab ib txoj hlab pas, txhuam qhov honeycombs nrog nws thiab tiv thaiv cov muv ntawm muab tua tau zib ntab.
Ib kab ntsig ib leeg xwb siv quav npauj rau lub sij hawm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob tuaj yeem ua kev puas tsuaj txog 500 honeycombs thiab ntau ntxiv. Nrog coob tus kab tsuag, yuav luag tag nrho cov hlwb uas ntim nrog cobwebs thiab tig mus ua hmoov av.
Cov huab cua nyob hauv lub Hive ua tej yam nyuaj thiab tau txais ib qho tsis kaj siab. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim Bee family weakens thiab feem ntau yoojyim lub Hive, thiab nyob rau hauv phem tshaj tua tuag.
Beekeepers tau txais kev cuam tshuam ntau heev thiab tsim muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los rhuav tshem cov neeg qhua. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tincture raws li lub larvae ntawm wax meem npauj muaj ntau medicinal thaj chaw.
Yuav ua li cas nrog moth wax?
Haiv Kab Tsuag pib nrog kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas. Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho, beekeepers sim tsuas yog noj qab nyob zoo Bee zos, tsim tag nrho cov tsim nyog rau lawv.
Muaj zog muv lawv tus kheej muaj peev xwm sib koom tes tiv thaiv kab tsuag.. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm nrhiav cov kab laum, noj lawv, thiab pom pupae raug kaw nrog propolis. Bees-guards tua tsiaj butterflies thiab, ntes lawv, muab pov lawv tawm.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Tseem ceeb tshawb xyuas cov honeycomb xwm yeem ob leeg nyob rau hauv beehives thiab nyob rau hauv chaw cia khoom, thiab sai li sai tau pom kab tsuag yog pov tseg.
- Hive, apiary thiab cia lub tsev yuav tsum tau ceev cia., nyob rau hauv qab ntawm hives yuav tsum tsis txhob pieces ntawm wax thiab lwm yam pav av thiab khij nyhiab.
- Muv cov tsev yuav tsum khaws cia zoo., tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, khoob thiab cov kab nrib pleb, yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav txawm tias qhov teeb meem me ntsis rau kev nkag mus ntawm ib qho kev phem.
- Xav tau muab bees nrog dawb nkag mus rau tej feem ntawm Hive rau lawv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub roe.
- Ib co ntawm cov laus lub hlwb (li 30%) raug pom zoo muab hloov txhua xyoo nrog cov tshiab, thiab cov yuav raug tshem tawm.
- Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub larvae los ntawm crawling mus rau lwm lub hives, nws yog pom zoo kom khawb li lub grooves ib ncig lawv, sau lawv nrog dej.
- Cov khoom siv yuav tsum khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv kaw nruj nreem. Tsis txhob ua tej yam nyob hauv apiary ntev ntev, nws yog ntshaw kom sai li sai tau coj nws mus ua dua tshiab.
- Spare hlwb yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, huv si thiab qhuav. nrog cov qhov cua zoo. Nws yog ntshaw tias lawv nyob rau hauv ib lub lockable txee los yog spare hives.
- Ib ncig ntawm apiary yog tseem ceeb kom loj hlob tshuaj ntsuab, uas yog ntshai ntawm wax npauj. Cov no muaj xws li txiv kab ntxwv, hops, mint, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kua xau. Cov phaj ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab tau muab tso rau hauv lub Hive - nyob rau hauv lub Upper thiab qis qhov chaw.
- Ib qho zoo heev deterrent yog dog dig qej - ib daim ntawm qej yog txiav rau hauv peb daim, uas muab tso rau daim ntawm canvas nyob rau hauv qab ntawm Hive los yog nyob rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem.
- Txhawm rau kev poob siab ntawm qhov npauj npog los ntawm qhov chaw cia khoom noj, nws muab tso rau "bouquets" ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab saum toj no, ntxiv mus rau lawv lub cev, cov hlav thiab cov ntoo ua ke.
Txij rau hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg laus tshwj xeeb baituas yog tsim los ntawm zib mu thiab perga nrog ntxiv ntawm ib tug me me ntawm dej thiab tshiab poov.
Cov kab nuv yog poured rau ntiav qhib ntim thiab thaum tsaus ntuj lawv muab tso rau ntawm lub khaus txhua hmo. Butterflies flock rau tus ntxhiab tsw txaus rau lawv, nce mus rau hauv lub thoob thiab tog. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm thaum sawv ntxov, lub bait yog muab tshem tawm kom txog rau thaum yav tom ntej tsaus ntuj, thiab cov pests raug pov tseg.
Yog hais tias lub offspring ntawm wax npauj tau twb tswm nyob rau hauv lub hives, nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm beekeepers muaj ntau txoj kev, subtleties thiab secrets uas yuav pab tau sai sai tshem ntawm no scourge. Xav txog cov neeg nyiam thiab zoo tshaj.
Beeswaxed by moths honeycomb rub tawm ntawm Hive thiab dawb los ntawm caterpillars tapping ntawm lub thav duab nrog ib tug chisel los yog xibtes. Kab tsuag nkag tawm ntawm lawv lub tsev thiab poob. Lawv raug rhuav tshem tam sim ntawd, thiab cov hlwb raug puas tsuaj mus rau cov khoom siv nyoos.
Lub khaus yog tom qab tua kab mob los ntawm firing ib blowtorch on lub puab qhov chaw ntawm Bee lub tsev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm them nyiaj tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau lub ces kaum ntawm Hive.
Pom zoo disinfection ntawm cuam tshuam lub hlwb nrog 80% acetic acid ntawm ib qho kev siv ntawm 200 ml rau ib 1 square meter. Ib pawg ntawm cov honeycombs yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug dawb Hive, ib txheej ntawm daim ntaub mos mos los yog paj rwb ntaub qhwv nyob rau hauv vinegar yog muab tso rau sab saum toj, npog rooj plaub nrog ib ru tsev thiab qhwv tag nrho cov khoom nrog zaj duab xis, tawm tsis muaj khoob.
Vinegar vapors, uas hnyav tshaj li cua, ntws los ntawm cov kabmob honeycomb, rhuav tshem cov kab tsuag ntawm lawv txoj kev ntawm txhua theem ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Honeycomb tsau nyob rau hauv acetic acid vapors rau 3 hnub (ntawm kub ntawm 16 mus rau 18 ° C), thiab ces zoo ventilated. Cov kev kho mob yog rov tom qab 12-13 hnub.
Ntaus tau zoo heev tsawg thiab siab kub processing. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, cov ntas raug khov ntawm -10 ° C thiab hauv qab no rau 2 xuab moos.
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov rau cov laj thawj no, koj tuaj yeem siv lub freezer hauv lub tub yees. Paj npua yog los ntawm kev kub ntxhov - los ntawm + 50 ° C thiab siab dua.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, peeled thiab npaj hives yog muab tso rau hauv me me thawv. naphthalene (piv txwv, phim), muab tso rau sab laug lossis sab xis ntawm nkag. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab zib mu sau, lub tshuaj yog muab tshem tawm, thiab tom qab sau yog ua tiav thiab lub zib mu yog xaiv, lub naphthalene yog muab tso rau hauv khaus dua.
Cuam tshuam tab sis tseem haum honeycombs yuav kho nrog sulfur dioxide. Ua li no, lawv muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv uas kaw nruj nreem, hlawv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws hauv ib qho tshuaj ntawm 50 g ntawm qhov cubic meter. Honeycombs fumigated nyob rau hauv no txoj kev ob zaug ntxiv: ib zaug hauv 10, thiab ib feem peb hauv 20 hnub.
TSEEM CEEB! Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog cov tshuaj sulfur dioxide, lub beekeeper yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tawm hauv chav tsev sai sai tom qab fumigation, thiab ces ua tib zoo ventilate nws.
Pab nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm pests zauv ntawm cov hlwb nrog txheeb raws roj ntsha kev npaj "Biosife" - hmoov tshuaj nrog cov kaus hniav ntawm bacilli tourigenzis. Lub twj zoo tsuas yog tawm tsam caterpillars ciab wax moth.
Tus txheem ntawm lub vial yog diluted nrog ib nrab ib liter ntawm dej txias ntawm tus nqi ntawm 30 ml ib thav duab, thiab ces lub hlwb tshem los ntawm Hive yog sprayed nrog lawv. Txhais cov nyhuv ntawm cov khoom no tiav hauv ib hnub thiab tuaj yeem kav ib xyoos..
Tshuaj kho txoj kev uas yuav pab tau zoo tua moth npau yog daim ntawv thov thymol. Cov khoom uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov hnab looj tes yog muab tso rau 5-10 hnub nyob rau hauv lub Hive, muab nws nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum.
Qhov pom zoo koob tshuaj ntawm yeeb tshuaj - los ntawm 10 mus rau 15 g ib Bee pawg. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem rov ua dua ob zaug, txawm li cas los xij, thaum huab cua txias 26 ° C thiab siab dua, thymol yuav tsum muab tshem tawm sai sai ntawm lub txiv neeb.
Thaum khaws cia honeycombs siv lub cuab tam "Antimol" ("Paradichlorobenzene") hauv qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm 150 g ib 1 cubic meter. Hauv ib lub ntsiav tshuaj "Antimoli" muaj 8 g.
Yeeb tshuaj tso rau ntawm lub hlwb tso rau hauv cov thawv kaw. Ua ntej yuav siv cov honeycomb, lawv yuav tsum tau aired rau ib lub lim piam los yog ntev dua.
Lwm cov tshuaj moth tshuaj lom neeg - "Axomolin"Honeycombs yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub hauv paus, muab tso rau saum lub thawv txhais tau tias yog 10 plhom rau ib thav duab Lub cev ntawm Hive yog kaw nrawm nrog ib zaj duab xis Tom qab ua tiav, lub hlwb lim cua mus li 1-2 hnub.
Moth moth wax yog ib tug yeeb ncuab heev txaus ntshai, tab sis koj muaj peev xwm tiv nrog nws. Thaum pom muaj kev mob siab thiab kev mob siab rau kev siv cov kev ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kabmob, koj tuaj yeem yeej txoj kev sib tw siab dua nws, thiab kev tivthaiv tivthaiv yuav pab txhawb qhov kev tshwm sim.
Cov ntaub ntawv pab
- Tshawb xyuas seb muaj lwm hom npauj npaim li cas: khaub ncaws, khoom noj thiab lwm tus. Yuav ua li cas nrog lawv?
- Qhov kab no nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab qhov peculiarities ntawm kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov zaub mov ntau yam tuaj?
- Dab tsi yog kev tshuaj lom neeg thiab pej xeem tshuaj rau npauj?
