Thaum raising nyuj ua ntej cov tsiaj nyeg cog qoob loo, teeb meem tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas pub rau noj thiab ua kom tiav tsiaj, tiam sis tsis nce cov nqi ntawm kev cia lawv. Fodder poov tso cai rau tsiaj kom sai sai nce phaus thiab loj hlob zoo, raws li lawv muaj cov proteins thiab vitamins nyob rau hauv txoj cai tus nqi. Lawv tsis siv raws li ywj siab ywj pheej, tab sis yog ntxiv rau qhov kev noj haus yooj yim, uas ho txo cov nqi ntawm raising tsiaj txhu. Xav txog cov lus piav qhia ntawm qhov khoom noj no thiab cov nta ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Dab tsi yog fodder poov
Fodder poov yog khoom noj khoom haus muaj txiaj ntsim, ua tsaug rau cov uas yug tau zoo heev thaum cog cov nyuj. Lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv rau cov khoom siv thiab kev sib xyaw kom haum, uas muaj txiaj ntsim zoo rau cov tsiaj hnyav nce thiab 20% pub nyiaj txuag.
Koj puas paub? Tsis liab ua rau cov bulls npau taws heev. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyuj yog xim dig muag thiab tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm xim liab thiab ntsuab. Ib tug neeg thuam plawv nyob hauv bullfighting ntawm lub bullfighter yog ib cov tshuaj tua ntawm cov heev nyuj tsis yog rau cov tawv nqaij liab liab, tab sis mus rau qhov teeb meem npau taws ntawm cov khaub ncaws ua ntej koj ob lub qhov muag.Poov protein ntau yog txig digested, muaj ib qho khoom noj khoom haus muaj nqis thiab vim cov kev zoo no nws nquag coj qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj thiab zaub keeb kwm. Qhov khoom noj no zoo li hmoov, flakes lossis granules.
Dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas
Rau cov zuam ntawm cov poov xab zom hauv cov tuam txhab, cov chaw tshwj xeeb los yog cov kev cob qhia raug siv nrog cov ntsuas kub tas li thiab cov khoom siv huv huv. Ua cov poov xab kom tov rau cov tsiaj nyeg tuaj yeem nyob hauv tsev.
Raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv rau cov khoom noj tau siv:
- sunflower noob noog;
- pob kws hlav;
- reeds thiab straw;
- ntoo pov tseg.
Raws li GOST (nqe lus 20083-74), fodder poov yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov urea los yog lwm cov khoom tsis muaj protein ntau.
Yuav nrhiav paub ntxiv txog cov tsiaj nyeg pub ntxiv.
Vim li cas thiaj muab nyuj
Nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj nyuj, poov xab compensates rau cov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov vitamins thiab cov amino acids, lawv sib tov rau hauv cov zaub mov loj. Hauv kev ntseeg, lub plab muaj ob peb chav (rumen, nets, abacus, thiab cov phau ntawv). 
Cov zaub mov uas noj los ntawm cov nyuj muaj txawv digestibility thiab, tsiv los ntawm txoj kab kev mus rau hauv plab lub plab loj, muaj kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob uas muaj coob tus hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, ua tsaug uas lawv zoo li ntxaum.
Cov kev paub txog tsiaj txhu thiab cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias poov tau muaj cov nyhuv rau ntawm lub plab mog microflora ntawm nyuj, ua rau kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv.
Koj puas paub? Tus nyuj muaj 32 tus hniav thiab ua rau nws qauj mov 40-50 zaug ib feeb twg, thaum tus tsiaj nchuav txog 8 teev ib hnub thiab tsiv nws lub puab tsaig txog 40,000 zaus ib hnub.
Tshuaj Kex
Pub cov poov xab muaj:
- protein ntau - 32-38%;
- kev noj haus fiber - 1.8%;
- rog - 1.8%;
- fiber ntau - 1.2-2.9%;
- protein ntau - 38-51%;
- tshauv - 10%.
Pub cov poov xab kuj yog ib qhov:
- vitamins D, K thiab E;
- enzymes siv rau plab zom mov;
- cov tshuaj hormones uas pab lub cev nqus cov roj ntsha thiab carbohydrates.
Thaum tsim khoom noj, nco ntsoov nqa mus rau hauv koj tus account cov khoom uas nws muaj. Feem ntau, tsis muaj protein ntau txaus nyob rau hauv lub tiav lawm. Yog tias peb pib mus los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau 110 grams ntawm cov protein rau 1 qhov chaw pub, ces 20-30 gram ib zaug pub ib pluas noj tag nrho hauv cov khoom noj tiav.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Niaj hnub fodder poov yog zus nyob rau hauv ib nrab nruab nrab, lawv muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov vitamins B, tab sis kiag li tsis muaj vitamin B12.Qhov tsis muaj protein ntau nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov ua rau pluag digestion thiab zom mov, hnyav nce thiab mis nyuj txo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog zoo dua mus ntxiv rau cov nyuj zaub mov lub poov, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib qho kev nce nqi ntawm cov protein. Xws li cov poov xab tau los ntawm cov khoom siv no los ntawm cov khib nyiab ntawm cov lag luam ua cov khoom qab zib, cawv lossis ntoo ua haujlwm.
Pub additive nyob rau hauv cov nyuj ration: nyiaj poob haujlwm thiab raug mob
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm bovine poov noj mov:
- hnyav nce zuj zus;
- nce ntawm cov qoob loo;
- zoo digestibility ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus;
- lig ntxim rau ntawm microflora ntawm lub plab;
- ruaj khov ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hnyuv;
- nce hauv pes tsawg tus ntawm cov kabmob ntawm cov kabmob ntawm cov kabmob;
- txo tus nqi loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj txhu loj hlob.
Txij li thaum poov xab noj tsis tau noj tsis dhau, lawv siv tsis tuaj yeem ua phem rau tsiaj nyuj. Tag nrho cov paub zoo ntawm no pub tsuas yog zoo.
Peb tawm tswv yim koj nyeem txog kev yuav ua li cas thiaj muaj roj nyuj.
Yuav ua li cas muab fodder poov rau nyuj: tshuaj, kev qhia
Cov neeg tsim muaj cov khoom noj uas muaj cov poov xab kuj zoo rau cov neeg tsim khoom, nrog rau kev nce qib hauv cov phev siv tau phev. Poov xab los ntxiv pib rau hauv kev noj haus 15 hnub ua ntej npaj mating ntawm cov tsiaj los yog cov sau los ntawm cov phev rau tom qab muab cov khoom ntim. 
Bulls muaj zaub mov noj nrog qhov khoom noj no ntxiv rau lub sij hawm tag nrho ntawm mating, raws li tus nqi ntawm 500-800 gram ib tug neeg ib hnub. Cov mis nyuj muaj mis nyuj cov kua faj siv ua kom muaj kua ntau ntxiv. Txhua tus neeg yog pub los ntawm 500 mus rau 800 grams ntawm xws li additives txhua hnub, nrog rau lub ntsiab pub.
Koj puas paub? Ib tug nyuj lub plab (caws pliav) muaj li ntawm 150 liters ntawm cov khoom noj uas yog ib qhov kev txawb - qhov ntim no tuaj yeem ua tus da dej nruab nrab.
Poov xab ntxiv los ua kom cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawm los ntawm txhua tus tsiaj mus rau 2 kilograms. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj poov xab ib hnub yog 1 kilogram: lawv ntxiv rau cereal thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke.
Poov yog ntxiv rau lub ntsiab pub npaj rau kev loj hlob calves. Zoo heev ntawm kev sib tov yog pom thaum tsis muaj txaus quav nyab ntawm cov khoom noj los ntawm cov calves los yog nws tsis zoo. Empirically tsim cov txiaj ntsim ntawm poov, siv nyob rau hauv nrog qoob loo ntawm qaub.
Tus nqi txhua txhua tus tsiaj yog 200 mus rau 300 grams nutrient poov xab. Cov plab hlaub txaus siab noj cov tshuaj no tsuas yog siv cov khoom noj ua ke nrog cov khoom noj tseem ceeb xwb, yog li ntawd, thaum lawv paub tab, nws pom zoo kom ntxiv qhov loj ntawm qhov ntxiv raws li qhov loj me me. 
Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua rau koj tus kheej txhais tes hauv tsev
Poov xab no pab ua kom cov nyuj zaub ntau dua thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Tus essence ntawm tus txheej txheem no yog tias cov khoom noj yog cov kab mob uas muaj cov kab mob lactic acid, uas ua kom lawv saj thiab ua rau lub qab noj mov ntawm cov nyuj.
Poov xab yog nqa tawm hauv chav tsev sov thiab huv si, qhov chaw kub cia nyob hauv + 18 ° C Cov lus nug uas txoj hauv kev ua tiav yog yuav tsum tau ceev cia. Yog hais tias cov mob no tsis tiav, poov xab tsis tau ua tiav. Rau dilution ntawm 1 kg ntawm grain sib tov siv los ntawm 1 mus rau 1.5 liv dej.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws tsis pom zoo rau poov xab ncuav mog qab zib, vim nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nqa cov txheej txheem kom haum nrog no pub. Yog hais tias cov poov xab ncuav twb tseem ua, vim li ntawd, cov pub loses feem ntau ntawm cov protein.
Poov xab (10 g rau 1 kg ntawm pub) yog ntxiv rau cov cereal sib xyaw nrog dej. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau cov poov xab mus rau kev vam meej, cov pub yuav tsum tau rhuab mus +25 ° C. Qhov kub no yuav tsum ceev cia rau 5-6 teev: thaum lub sij hawm no tus txheem yuav tsum muab sib xyaw txhua teev. Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub sij hawm no, qhov sib tov yog npaj txhij rau kev siv los ntawm nyuj.
Yees duab: Yuav ua li cas ua poov khoom noj rau cov tsiaj Muaj peb txoj kev ntawm poov xab: nrog brew, tsis muaj brew, on sourdough. Cov txheej txheem pib siv tsuas yog thaum muaj kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov poov xab.
On brew - txoj kev ua noj yog muab faib ua ob theem.
Thawj theem (ua noj ua haus sourdough):
- Nws yuav siv 1 kg ntawm Baker lub poov, uas yog diluted nyob rau hauv 2 liv ntawm me ntsis dej sov.
- Nyob rau hauv ib lub haum loj thawv ncuav 50 liv ntawm lukewarm dej thiab kua nrog yav ua ntej diluted poov. Txhua yam yog tov tov.
- Hauv no muaj peev xwm, 20 kilograms ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj concentrated pub tau sib tov thiab sib xyaw kom txog thaum homogeneous xwv kom xuas dej rau oxygen.
- Cov tshuaj yog sab laug mus rau ripen rau 5-6 teev.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv cov qus, nyuj tuaj yeem ua neej nyob dhau 20 xyoo. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus tsiaj yuav txiav txim los ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub horns.Qhov thib ob theem (poov xab):
- Lub brew npaj tom qab kawg ntawm thawj theem yog tov nrog 100-150 liv ntawm sov kua.
- Tom qab tov yog tiav, feeb meej pub (80 kg) yog poured muaj.
- Lub resulting sib tov yog sab laug mus rau ripen rau 3 teev, stirring zoo txhua teev. Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ua noj ua haus, cov khoom noj khoom haus yog npaj los noj.
Tag nrho cov phom sij ntawm cov khoom noj ua noj ua noj rau daim ntawv qhia no yuav siv sij hawm 7 mus txog 9 xuab moos.Koj puas paub? Lub cev xeeb tub ntawm ib tug nyuj kav ntev npaum li lub sijhawm tib neeg - 9 lub hlis.
Yog tsis muaj daim txhuam cev - sib txawv ntawm daim txhuam cev nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm poov tam sim ntawd pib nyob rau hauv nws:
- Nws yuav siv 1 kg ntawm Baker lub poov, uas bloom nyob rau hauv 2 liv ntawm dej sov.
- 200 liters ntawm me ntsis warmed dej yog poured rau hauv ib lub thawv uas tsim nyog, thiab cov poov xab yav tas los nyob rau hauv ib lub kua kuj tau nchuav rau hauv nws. Txhua yam yog tov kom txog thaum homogeneous.
- Ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub tank, maj stirring, ncuav 100 kilograms ntawm pub.
- Yog xav kom tiav qhov txheej txheem ntawm poov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tawm lub resulting sib tov rau 9 xuab moos. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm maturation txhua txhua 60 feeb, lub sib tov yuav tsum tau meej tov kom saturate nrog oxygen.
Thawj theem (ua noj ua haus sourdough):
- Nyob rau hauv 1-2 liv dej dej diluted 1 kg ntawm Baker lub poov.
- Divorced poov xab ntxiv rau 40 kg ntawm carbohydrate pub, txhua yam yog tov. Tsis muaj kua ntau ntxiv rau pub rau theem ntawm no.
- Qhov sib tov yog sib tov txhua txhua 20 feeb.
- Tom qab 6 teev, ib nrab ntawm resulting sib tov (sourdough) yog poured rau siv nyob rau hauv poov. Qhov seem ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov mov paj yog tov nrog 20 kilograms ntawm tshiab pub thiab rov qab rau maturation.
Qhov thib ob theem (poov xab):
- Qhov xaiv ib nrab ntawm cov npaj brew yog tov nrog 100-150 liv ntawm sov kua.
- 80 kilograms ntawm pub yog poured rau hauv kua thaum lub sij hawm nruam stirring.
- Poov feeds ripen rau 3 xuab moos, txhua lub sijhawm sib tov yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw kom haum.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom tau sourdough on sourdough, tsuas pub mixtures rau ib tug carbohydrate hauv paus yog haum. Khoom siv rau cov poov xab yuav tsum tsuas yog tshiab.Ntawm ob theem ntawm kev npaj cov khoom noj ua poov rau hauv leaven nws yuav siv li ntawm 9 xuab moos.
Qhov txheej txheem no yuav pab kom saturate tau txais cov khoom noj uas tau txais nrog cov nqaijrog, muab lawv lub qe kua qaub thiab aroma, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qab los ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg. Cov khoom muaj tshwm sim muaj cov vitamins, uas ntxiv tau tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg xws li rickets hauv cov pob txha, tawv nqaij, kab mob paratyphoid. 
Poov pub pub ua tswvcuab rau tsiaj noj zaub mov zoo txaus rau qhov kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, hnyav nce thiab mis nyuj hlav ntawm nyuj. Rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom noj uas cov khoom noj tau muab cog rau hauv cov nyuj kev tu tsiaj muaj thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb.
Peb pom zoo nyeem ntau ntxiv txog kev pub mis ntawm cov pob txha, cov qoob loo, mis nyuj thiab qhuav nyuj.
Poov muaj kev txhawb nqa cov tsiaj txhu nrog cov nqaijrog, cov vitamins thiab cov kab uas siv tau kab thiab ua rau nws tau txais cov khoom zoo, xws li mis nyuj thiab nqaij, thaum tsis muaj nqi.
