Cov plab hnyuv ntawm cov nyuj yog lub luag hauj lwm kom tau los ntawm kev pub zaub mov tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog - cov roj ntsha, cov roj, carbohydrates, cov zaub mov thiab cov vitamins, thiab rau kev nqa mus rau sab nraud mus rau sab nraud ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus. Wb tau ntsib nrog qhov txawv thiab txoj hnyuv ntawm cov tsiaj txhu.
Tus qauv ntawm digestive system ntawm nyuj
Cov nyuj yog rau kev ntseeg, uas, thaum tsoo, zaub mov, pov npav tsis tau, thiab tom qab, thaum so, lawv tuaj yeem tawm ntawm lub plab rov qab rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab maj mam, zom kom zoo zoo. Tias yog vim li cas, saib lub cawv so, koj yuav pom hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov sij hawm nws yog zom. Hom kev noj haus no pab tus tsiaj kom siv lub sij hawm pub mis thiab muab cov khoom noj khoom haus ntau tshaj plaws los tshem tawm cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Koj puas paub? Tus txiv neej muab ib nyuj txog 8 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Yog tias hnub no peb tso tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv ib qho ntawm cov nplai, thiab tag nrho cov nyuj thiab cov nyuj ntawm ob, ces tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm "horned" yuav luag peb zaug ntau tshaj qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb.Digestive system ntawm ib tug nyuj muaj ob peb qhov chaw:
- qhov ncauj kab noj hniav - di ncauj, cov hniav thiab tus nplaig. Ua haujlwm rau kev ntes, nqos thiab ua zaub mov noj;
- mob plab hlaub. Txuas lub plab nrog lub pharynx, muaj ib tug ntev txog li 0.5 metres;
- lub plab. Nws muaj plaub pawg thiab ua hauj lwm rau lub plab zom mov thiab noj khoom noj khoom haus;
- hnyuv me. Txhim kho cov khoom noj nrog cov kua mis thiab kua txiv, kev nqus cov khoom noj rau hauv cov ntshav;
- hnyuv loj. Ua haujlwm rau ntxiv fermentation ntawm cov zaub mov, kev kawm thiab tso tawm ntawm cov quav quav.
Scheme ntawm digestive plab hnyuv siab nteg ntawm nyuj: 1 - parotid salivary gland; 2 - tus kab mob parotid salivary ciav; 3 - caj pas; 4 - qhov ncauj kab noj hniav; 5 - xa tib neeg cov qoob loo; 6 - larynx; 7 - mob ntshav qab zib; 8 - pojniam txivneej; 9 - nplooj siab; 10 - ciaj sia taus; 11 - cystic bile ciav; 12 - gallbladder; 13 - feem ntau tus ciav dej; 14 - kab sib chaws; 15 - pancreas; 16 - pancreatic ciav hlau; 17 - abomasum; 12 - duodenum; 19 - jejunum; 20 - nyuv; 21 - nrog; 22 - cecum; 23 - lub qhov quav; 24 - ib tug hem; 25 - phau ntawv; 26 - tshuaj pleev kom khovQhov ncauj: di ncauj, nplaig, cov hniav
Nrog rau kev zam ntawm cov hniav, tag nrho sab hauv sab ntawm lub kab noj hniav ntawm tus nyuj yog them nrog ib tug mucous daim nyias nyias. Daim di ncauj, tus nplaig thiab cov tsiaj ntawm cov tsiaj uas nyob ntawm no yog siv los mus khaws, rhuav, thiab zom cov khoom noj. Daim di ncauj thiab lub puab tsaig ua haujlwm ua ib lub qhovncauj thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kev khaws zaubmov hauv qhov ncauj. 
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus yog qhov txav ntawm cov nqaij npuag - tus nplaig. Nrog nws, ib tug nyuj captures thiab saj cov zaub mov, pab txoj kev nqos thiab haus, hnov ntau yam khoom, zov nws lub cev thiab tiv tauj nrog kwv tij neej tsa. On nws saum npoo muaj ntau horny papillae, uas ua hauj lwm ntawm capturing thiab licking zaub mov.
Ua tib zoo saib ntawm lub cev thiab lub cev ntaj ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg.
Cov kaus hniav yog pob txha txha caj npab txhawm rau qhov cuab yeej sib tsoo thiab kev sib tsoo pub. Cov nyuj tau tsis muaj fangs, tsis yog qhov uas muaj ib qho tawv phaj ntawm lub puab tsaig sab nraud ntawm sab sab incisors. Cov qauv no tso cai rau cov tsiaj ua zoo nro nyom. 
Arcade cov hniav ntawm cov nyuj: 1 - lub cev pob txha incisal; pob txha hauv paus ntawm txoj kab caws hniav; 2 - thaj chaw tsis muaj teeb meem (ntug); Kuv - incisors; C - fangs; P - menyuam yaj; Cov pob txha yog yug los ntawm cov hniav, lub puab tsaig mis muaj peev xwm tuav tau 20 hniav, thiab lub puab tsaig ntawm ib tug neeg laus nyuj - 32 cov hniav. Hloov cov hniav cov hniav thawj zaug pib hnub nyoog li ntawm 14 lub hlis.
Qaum lub puab tsaig ntawm cov nyuj yog qhov dav dua qhov qis, thiab lub puab tsaig sab nraud kuj raug coj los ua rau tom qab ntawm sab qaum. Cov kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj ua rau daim tawv nqaij zoo li cov chafing, thiab vim muaj qhov txav tshwj xeeb ntawm lub puab tsaig, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom noj khoom noj thaum cov zom hniav tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntau dua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Hauv cov hlab ntsha, qhov kev ntseeg yeej pib nyob ib ncig ntawm peb lub asthiv ntawm lawv lub neej. Hauv cov neeg nyuj laus, cov zom zom muaj li 30- 70 feeb tom qab tsaj los yog pub, thiab kav ntev li 40-50 feeb. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev xaiv txhua hnub yog 6-8 zaug.
Salivary qog thiab mob plab zis
Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav ntawm cov nyuj, khub txoj kev sib tw qog nrog txawv localization nyob: parotid, submandibular, sublingual, indigenous thiab supraorbital (zygomatic). Lawv daim ntawv muaj ntau hom kev tso dej uas tso tawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab maltose.
Tom ntej no, cov khoom noj kis los ntawm txoj hlab pas, uas yog ib qho nqaij ntawm lub qhov ntev ntawm ib lub 'meter'. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov khoom noj yog thawj zaug thauj tawm ntawm lub plab mus rau lub plab, thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab rau lub qhov ncauj kom zom.
Plab
Cov nyuj muaj ib txoj hauv siab plab uas muaj plaub nthab:
- caws pliag;
- ntxaij;
- ib phau ntawv;
- rennet
Lub plab ntawm lub plab ntawm lub nyuj Lub cicatrix, net thiab cov phau ntawv tsis muaj qog rau cov kua txob kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lawv fermented, sorted thiab mechanically processed feed.Scar
Qhov no yog thawj chamber ntawm lub plab ntawm nyuj, uas muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws ntim - 100-200 liv thiab txawm ntau. Qhov caws pliav yog nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub plab hauv plab, khwv nws yuav luag tag, thiab muaj cov kab mob uas muaj cov kabmob ua rau zaubmov noj. 
Cov caws pliav muaj ob npaug ntawm cov npoo - cov longitudinal thiab voj, thiab muab faib ua ob ntu ntawm qhov chute. On nws mucous daim nyias nyias yog ntev ntawm kaum-centimeter papillae. Nyob rau hauv no pre-plab tshwm sim txog li 70% ntawm tag nrho digestive txheej txheem. Lub splitting ntawm qhuav teeb meem tshwm sim vim mechanical mixing thiab sib tsoo ntawm pub, fermentation nrog secrets ntawm microorganisms thiab fermentation.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov loj tag nrho ntawm cov kab mob thiab protozoa nyob rau hauv lub plab ntawm ib tug neeg laus nyuj yog ntau tshaj peb kilograms. Ua tsaug rau cov kab mob no, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov cellulose muaj tawg cia kom yooj yim suab thaj, uas muab cov nyuj kom ntau zog.Vim li ntawd, ntau lub tebchaw tshwm sim, ib feem ntawm qhov uas yog absorbed los ntawm cov caws pliav phab ntsa rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab ho nkag mus rau siab, qhov twg nws muaj kev hloov ntxiv. Lawv kuj siv los ntawm udder rau synthesis ntawm mis nyuj cheebtsam. Los ntawm cov kev ntseeg, cov khoom noj tau nkag rau hauv net lossis regurgitates rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kom ntxiv chewing.
Daim phiaj
Nyob rau hauv daim phiaj, cov khoom noj yog tsau, raug kab mob rau cov kab mob, thiab vim cov nqaij ua haujlwm, cov av loj faib rau cov leb loj loj uas tau sau rau hauv phau ntawv, thiab ntxhib, xa mus rau cov ntseeg. Daim phiaj no tau txais nws lub npe vim yog tus qauv hauv cellular, uas yog los tuav cov leb loj ntawm cov khoom noj. 
Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm no tau ua tiav qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev faib tawm thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub ntim - txog li 10 liters - yog qhov tsis zoo rau qhov caws pliav. Nws nyob hauv lub hauv siab, ua ntej ntawm caws pliav, ib ntug kov lub diaphragm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kab sib tsoo pib ua tus txheej txheem ntawm kev khaus, huas cov crushed thiab xa rov qab loj rau cov hlab pas thiab tom qab ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.
Peb qhia koj kom xav txog cov qauv ntawm tus qauv, qhov chaw thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv, udder, horns, cov hniav, qhov muag ntawm cov nyuj.
Phau ntawv
Lub chamber nrog lub ntim ntawm 10-20 liters yog rau cov neeg kho hniav sib tsoo ntawm pub, rov nqos tau los ntawm cov tsiaj tom qab chewing cov pos hniav. Nws nyob rau hauv plab kab noj hniav ntawm sab xis, nyob hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 7-9 npoo ntawm tus tsiaj. Cov kab no tau txais nws lub npe vim hais tias ntawm tus qauv ntawm cov mucous membrane, uas yog lub plhaub heev heev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm leaflets.
Qhov no feem ntawm lub plab tseem tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem ntawm cov pob txha muaj fiber ntau dhau los, qhov chaw uas lawv qhov kawg tau tshwm sim thiab hloov mus ua paj, nkag mus rau lub zog.
Abomasum
Lub rennet yog ib lub plab muaj tseeb, nws cov qog tsis tu ncua kua qaub kua txiv, uas muaj cov kua tshuaj hydrochloric acid, pepsin, trypsin thiab ntau lwm cov enzymes. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub zog, ntxiv thiab zaum kawg splitting ntawm cov zaub mov tshwm sim.
Lub qia abomasum nrog lub ntim ntawm 5-15 litres yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam plab rau sab xis, occupying chaw hauv thaj tsam ntawm 9-12 intercostal chaw.
Nws yog ib qho tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv cov pob txha, txij thaum so ntawm lub plab tseem tsis tau koom tes. Ua ntej yuav tsum noj cov zaub mov, kua zaub mov - kua mis - tam sim ntawd mus rau hauv lub plab zoo los ntawm lub gutter.
Tsuas yog los ntawm peb lub limtiam, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv cov zaubmov ntawm cov menyuam yaus, kev pib ua haujlwm, microflora yog neeg ntim, thiab cov kabmob tau tshwmsim tuaj.
Cov hnyuv me
Los ntawm lub plab, cov zaub mov tiav nkag rau hauv cov hnyuv me, uas muaj peb yam tseem ceeb:
- lub duodenum (90-120 cm);
- jejunum (35-38 m);
- ileum (li 1 m).
Koj puas paub? Nyuj raug yuam kom ua cov neeg ntseeg. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab tsis muaj zog los yog tsis muaj zog, yog li ntawd lawv tsim lawv txoj kev noj mov: nqos tau sai li sai tau, tsis pub, thiab noj thiab digest tom qab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw.
Enzymes tias cov txiav thiab cov hnyuv ntawm cov hnyuv ntses secrete txheej txheem carbohydrates, cov rog thiab protein ntau. Tsev, nkag mus hauv duodenum los ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev, pab cov nqus tau roj thiab npaj cov khoom ntawm kev zom kom haum.
Hnyuv loj
Tom ntej no, cov zaub mov nkag rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj, uas sawv cev los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- cecum (30-70 cm);
- nyuv (6-9 m);
- qhov quav.
Daim duab ntawm tus nyuj hnyuv: 1 - pyloric ib feem ntawm lub plab; 2 - duodenum; 3 - jejunum; 4 - nrog; 5 - cecum; 6-10 - hnyuv laus; 11 - qhov quav Lub caecum yog thawj seem ntawm cov hnyuv loj thiab yog lub pob hlau nyob deb ntawm lub plab loj hauv txoj hnyuv. Tom qab plab zom mov ntawm cov khoom noj nyob rau hauv lub qia abomasum thiab hauv plab hnyuv ntxwm, nws muaj kev ntxiv microbial fermentation nyob rau hauv cecum.Tshooj txuas ntxiv - cov nyuv - nws muab faib ua feem khov khawm thiab khub. Nws plays lub luag haujlwm me hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom thiab kev nqus ntawm cov khoom noj. Nws lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi yog tsim ntawm kev ua tiav.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tag nrho ntev ntawm tus nyuj hnyuv yog los ntawm 39 mus rau 63 metres, nrog tus nruab nrab ntawm 51 meters. Qhov ratio ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub cev ntawm ib tug nyuj thiab qhov ntev ntawm nws cov hnyuv yog 1:20.Cov hnyuv microbes ua rau txheej txheem ntawm fermentation ntawm carbohydrates, thiab putrefactive cov kab mob - qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov kawg khoom ntawm protein digestion. Sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm cov nyuv, txawm tsis muaj papillae thiab villi rau qhov nqus ntawm cov as-ham, ntse nqus dej thiab cov pob zeb ua kua ntsev.
Vim yog qhov contraction ntawm peristalsis, cov khoom seem ntawm cov hnyuv loj los ntawm txoj hnyuv nkag mus rau hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim uas muaj cov quav hauv cov quav. Lawv tso tawm mus rau lwm qhov chaw sab nrauv tshwm sim los ntawm qhov quav qhov quav - anus.
Yog li, lub complex thiab capacious digestive system ntawm tus nyuj yog ib tug zoo meej thiab harmonious mechanism. Tsaug rau nws, cov tsiaj siv tau ob leeg muaj zog txau - bran thiab roj ncuav, thiab coarse, voluminous - nyom thiab quav nyab. Thiab tej yam kev ua txhaum txawm nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tuaj yeem yuav thaws rov los rau hauv tag nrho nws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.
