Lub keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm domestication ntawm chickens

Niaj hnub nimno science tsis yog thaum lub domestication ntawm qaib pib. Yav tas los, nws tau hais tias qhov no tau tshwm sim txog plaub txhiab xyoo dhau los lawm, tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm no los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo txhiab xyoo BC, thiab niaj hnub no cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias nqaij qaib yog txhob txwm ua rau yim, lossis kaum txhiab xyoo. !

Qus pog koob yawg koob

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov poj koob yawg koob ntawm txhua tus poj niam uas tam sim no muaj liab zoov qaibkuj hu ua qus bankivans qaib (Latin lub npe "Gallus gallus", los yog "Gallus bankiva"). Cov noog no yog cov txheeb ze ntawm cov pheasants thiab tseem pom nyob rau hauv cov av qeeg nyob rau sab Asia, Myanmar (Burma), nyob rau ntawm Malacca thaj av qab teb thiab nyob rau hauv Sumatra kob, preferring chaw kub thiab txias thickets forests. Gallus gallus Cov noog no muaj me me (qhov loj ntawm cov txiv neej tsis pub tshaj 1.2 kg, txheej hnyav 500 g los sis me ntsis ntxiv), ya zoo, zes cai hauv av thiab muaj ib tus ntxhiab siab heev. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov xim, muaj ntau feem ntau dub kab txaij ntawm ib tug liab los yog golden keeb kwm, uas yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau Italian quail yug ntawm chickens, kuj hu ua xim av leggorn. Banking Chickens Rau thawj thawj zaug, Gallus gallus lub npe hu ua Erasmus Darwin, uas nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv peb txhua tus paub tias nws yog ib tug neeg uas paub txog kev hloov ntawm hom kabmob, thiab rov ua nws tus yawm txiv lub tswvyim hauv nws phau ntawv "Hloov Cov Tsiaj Txhu thiab Nroj Tsuag Hauv Tsev" (1868).

Koj puas paub? Nws ntseeg tias keeb kwm ntawm cov noog pib txog 90 lab xyoo dhau los, thiab thawj cov noog muaj cov hniav uas tau hloov los ntawm ib tug niaj hnub beak peb caug lab lub xyoos tom qab!

Ntxiv rau qhov liab, muaj peb ntau hom hav zoov cov nqaij qaib - grey, Ceylon thiab ntsuab, thiab txog thaum nyuam qhuav tau xav tias peb cov poj koob yawm txwv siv Gallus gallus rau domestication. Gallus sonneratii Txawm li cas los, kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no hu ua qhov point of view rau lo lus nug. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 2008, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Uppsala University tau ua pov thawj tias muaj cov kev zoo sib xws ntawm cov genotype ntawm cov nqaij qaib mus Gallus gallus, yog ib lub noob grey hav zoov ntau yam. Los ntawm no, ib cov kev xav tau ua tau tias cov poultry niaj hnub no yog ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ntau hom tsiaj hauv cov hav txwv yeem. Feem ntau cov yuav, ntau hom ntawm Gallus gallus tau ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd nws hla nrog Gallus sonneratii (grey zoov nuj txeeg qaib).

Yees duab: Gallus gallus bankers

Lub sij hawm thiab cov chaw hauv nruab siab

Txij li ob qho tib si cov cim sab nraud thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo li niaj hnub no tsis sib txawv ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawg koob, feem ntau, tus txiv neej tsis tas yuav ua hauj lwm nyuaj, domesticating tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov noog.

Tus txheej txheem pib, judging los ntawm ntau ntawm Gallus gallus, qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Asia. Tsis muaj ib qho kev xav tsis yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kos (lossis tsawg kawg kwv yees) hnub ntawm taming tus noog, tab sis txawm tias seb nws tshwm sim li cas, nthuav tawm ntawm ib qho chaw thoob plaws ntiaj teb, los yog nqa tawm hauv qhov chaw sib txawv. Yog li, archaeologists nrhiav tau qhov seem ntawm cov qaib ntawm cov ceg ntoo Hindustan - lawv yog vim pib ntawm 2 lub xyoo txhiab BC, thaum Suav pom tau ntau yam dhau los - lawv muaj txog 8 txhiab xyoo (tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no twb raug nug hnub no). Thiab thaum lub sij hawm tig ntawm lub thib nees nkaum-thawj centuries, nws feem ntau pom tias lub keeb kwm teb ntawm poultry yog Thaib teb.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Feem ntau cov yuav, domestication ntawm qaib coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm nws tus kheej. Muaj tsawg kawg cuaj lub tsev kawm ntawv hnub no, thiab lawv nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg sab hnub tuaj Asia thiab Indian Subcontinent.

Txawm li cas los xij, keeb kwm ntawm cov noog domestication yog them nrog paub tsis meej vim tias, raws li nws muab tawm, niaj hnub Gallus gallus twb tau poob lawv thawj qhov tsos vim lawv tsis tswj kev sib tsoo nrog cov qaib nyeg. Los ntawm Francis Barlow (1626-1704) Tab sis hnub no qhov tseeb uas domestication coj qhov chaw xaiv cov noog qus tshaj plaws thiab lawv cov tom qab hla nruab nrab ntawm lawv pom tias yog ntseeg tau. Qhov kev txheeb xyuas no ua rau pom tseeb hauv cov nqaij qaib ntawm ntau theem ntawm cov thyroid-stimulating hormone lub luag hauj lwm rau kev loj hlob tshaj li ntawm cov tsiaj qus.

Kis qaib

Los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, cov nqaij qaib yuav kis thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Feem ntau cov yuav, cov noog ua ntej ntaus Nruab nrab sab hnub tuajhauv particular hauv Mesopotamia, Tim lyiv teb chaws thiab Syria.

Interestingly, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws, ib tug coj txawv txawv noog twb kho tsis raws li ib tug tab sis tab sis raws li ib tug dawb ceev tsiaj. Cov duab ntawm cov roosters tau pom nyob rau tom qhov chaw ntawm Egyptian pharaohs (hauv particular, Tutankhamen, leej twg tuag hauv 1350 BC) thiab nyob rau hauv lub Babylonian monuments.

Koj puas paub? Nws yog cov neeg Ixayees yav dhau los uas tau koom nrog lub tswv yim ntawm thawj tus neeg ua haujlwm. Yeej muaj tseeb, qhov pib ua "kev ua si" ntawm cov qe yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov pov thawj, cov tub qhe Osiris. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, qhov no mus tom ntej, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, twb pom zoo raws li lub machinations ntawm dab ntxwg nyoog thiab txwv nyob rau hauv kev mob ntawm kev tuag.

Duab ntawm rooster, Corinth, V st. BC er Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm antiquity chickens penetrated rau hauv ib ncig Ancient lub pas dej. Feem ntau cov yuav, nyob hauv V-VI centuries BC. er lawv twb plhuav heev, thiab, raws li cov lus tim khawv ntawm cov neeg Greek cov neeg Amelikas Aristophanes, qhov kev lag luam no pheej yig rau cov neeg pluag.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov Greeks, paub txog lawv txoj kev hlub ntawm kev ua si, pom cov qaib feem ntau yog cov noog sib ntaus, yog li ntawd nws yog rau Hellenes qhov kev lom zem ntawm kev lom zem, xws li cockfighting, tshuav nws cov tsos. Cov qaib sib ntaus Mosaic ntawm Pompeii, National Archaeological Museum ntawm Naples

Raws li Legend, nyob rau hauv 310 BC, thaum lub sij hawm phiaj los nqis tes ntawm Alexander lub Great nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, tus prince ntawm Punjab them tawm ib tug zoo thawj coj nrog nyiaj npib, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug majestic qav tau sau nrog loj spurs.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sij hawm, qaib tshwm nyob rau hauv lub xeev Central Asia - Khorezm, Margiana, Bactria thiab Sogdiana, qhov uas lawv tseem yog pehawm neeg zoo li tsiaj txhu, cov saib xyuas ntawm Zoo, ua kom lub hnub thiab tawm tsam cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev phem. Feem ntau cov yuav ua rau tus cwj pwm zoo no muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm lub suab qw ua suab nrov tshaj tawm rau hnub pib tshiab, uas peb cov poj koob yawg koob pom tau tias yog lub cim qhia txog kev sib tw ntawm Tsaus Ntuj. Chicken cov pob txha tau pom los ntawm archaeologists nyob rau hauv lub ancient tombs ntawm cov teb chaws no, uas tseem qhia txog qhov tsis-gastronomic tus yam ntxwv rau tus tsiaj no.

Los ntawm ancient Greece thiab nws colonies poultry penetrated tus so ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev Western europezoo li hauv Kievan Rus. Edgar Hunt "Tus Lau thiab Cov Ncauj Peb Cov Nyuam Yaus" Qhov xwm txheej nrog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub conquest ntawm nqaij qaib yog me ntsis nyuab dua Africa thiab Asmeskas. Lub sab av loj dub, zoo li yav tas los xav, qhib txog cov noog ua tsaug rau tim lyiv teb chaws, tab sis muaj pov thawj qhia tias qhov no yuav muaj tshwm sim ntau dhau los. Yog li, raws li ib qho ntawm cov qauv, cov qaib tuaj rau teb chaws Asmeskas thiab cov neeg Asmeskas Tsav lub teb chaws los ntawm Is Nrias teb, uas yog, lawv nkag mus hauv lub teb chaws tsis yog hauv av, tab sis los ntawm hiav txwv, thiab qhov no tau tshwm sim thaum xyoo 2 xyoo BC.

Nws kuj tseem tsis tau paub tseeb tias cov qaib tau coj tuaj rau Tebchaws Asmeskas los ntawm Spaniards lossis tus noog "nrhiav" lub Ntiaj Teb Tshiab ntev ua ntej Columbus.

Ntau yam ntawm domestic chickens

Rau ntau lub xyoo txhiab xyoo, thaum lub sijhawm ib tug neeg yug menyuam qaib, ib tug loj heev ntawm cov tsiaj sib txawv ntawm cov noog no tuaj. Tus hniav thiab ntaus tswv yim ntawm kev siv ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Gallus gallus tseem yog tseem fwv, tab sis hnub no thaj tsam tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv rau tsiaj yog kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus. Txawm li cas los, txij li cov nqaij qaib qe tsis nrov dua cov nqaij ntawm cov zaub mov muaj nqis peb lub ntsiab qhov tseem ceeb:

qe;
nqaij thiab qe;
nqaij.

Sawv cev ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm cov noog txawv nyob rau hauv tej nta.

Qhia koj tus kheej nrog kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ntau yam ntawm qe thiab nqaij hens.

Qe breeds

Qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub qe yug - siab qes ntau lawm. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov qe uas tso los ntawm ib tug poj qaib txhua xyoo, tab sis tseem muaj hnub nyoog txwv ntawm qe ntau lawm (hnub nyoog ntawm tus thawj clutch thiab lub sij hawm ntawm kev txuag cov khoom tsim muaj ntau dua). Yuav kom ua tau li no, ib tug muaj kev txi lwm yam kev zoo uas tseem muaj nuj nqis hauv cov nqaij qaib. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, qe breeds yog txawv:

thaum ntxov pib ntawm qe qhuav - feem ntau yog 4-5 lub hlis;
tus naj npawb ntawm cov qe los ntawm ib tus mis yog ntawm 160 txog 365;
tus me me loj;
nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom noj thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm calcium hauv nws (nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau tsim ntawm qe shells thiab, ntxiv rau, yog tso rau hauv lub qe nws tus kheej);
kev ua haujlwm siab;
tsis zoo hais tias tsim kev lag luam instinct.

Sab nraud cov cim qhia ntawm cov qe yug, ntxiv rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg me, yog cov plumage heev, nrog rau lub cev nqaim nrog cov zoo tis. Cov qe nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov qe thiab crosses, lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tau qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj:

Yug lub npe	Lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm	Txhua xyoo qe	Nruab Nrab qe yuag	Qhov ntau ntau ntau (qhov loj ntawm qos yaj ywm / nqaij qaib, kg)
Andalusian	Spain	190-220	55	3,2-3,6/2,3-2,7
Lavxias teb sab dawb	SIV	220-250	55-60	2-2,5/1,6-1,8
Italian partridge	Ltalis	180-240	60	2-3/1,5-2
Hamburg	Lub teb chaws Yelemees, UK, Holland	220	55	2-2,5/1,5-2
Kampinskaya	Belgium	135-145	55-60	1,8-2,6/1,5-2
Leggorn	Ltalis	365	55-58	2,3-2,6/1,5-2
Carpathian greensmill	Poland (tej zaum)	180	50	2,2-2,7/1,8-2,3
Minorca	Spain, Holland	200	56-59	3,2-4/2,7-3,6
Czech kub	Czechoslovakia	150-170	54-57	2-2,5/1,6-2,2
Hisex	Holland	300	60	2,4-2,6/1,8-2

Hens ntawm araukan, ameraukan, legbar, uheilyuyu, maran, tau thov nrog lub qe ntawm ntau yam xim - los ntawm xiav thiab txiv ntseej rau chocolate.

Nqaij-qe breeds

Lub ntsiab ntawm lub pob zeb ntawm cov kev taw qhia no yog lawv ntau yam. Xws li cov noog uas zoo tshaj plaws rau cov chaw ua teb me me, vim lawv ua kom tau qe thiab qe nqaij ntawm lub rooj. Nqaij-qe qaib nce qhov hnyav tshaj li cov nqaij, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv qhov loj tshaj li nws cov khib nyiab nyob rau hauv lub qe kev taw qhia, lagging tom qab tom qab ntawd cov qe ntau lawm. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov breeds yog tias lawv muaj ntau zaus tshaj "qe", qhia tias lawv mob siab thiab mob siab tuaj yeem ua cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov tawb kaw. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws breeds thiab crosses ntawm nqaij thiab qe kev coj noj coj ua:

Yug lub npe	Lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm	Txhua xyoo qe	Nruab Nrab qe yuag	Qhov ntau ntau ntau (qhov loj ntawm qos yaj ywm / nqaij qaib, kg)
Kuchinsky hnub tseem ceeb	SIV	200	60	3-3,8/2,3-2,6
Moscow dub	SIV	180	61	2,9-3/2,3-2,6
Adler nyiaj	SIV	170	62	3,6-3,8/1,2-1,4
Yerevan	Armenia	160	57	2,9-3,2/1,9-2,1
Rhode Island	Tebchaws USA	170	60	3,2-4/2,5-2,8
Tshiab Hampshire	Tebchaws USA	200	65	3,9-4/2,5-2,9
Sussex	Great Britain	150-200	60	2,9-3/2,3-2,5
Amrox	Lub teb chaws Yelemees	220	60	4-4,5/3,3-3,5
Hercules	Russia	200-240	60-70	6-6,5/3,3-3,7
Pushkinskaya	Russia	220-270	58-60	2,5-3/1,8-2
Plymouth	Tebchaws USA	170	55-50	4,8-5/3,3-3,6

Koj puas paub? Champions nyob rau hauv noj nqaij qaib yog cov neeg Yudais. Raws li kev txheeb cais, txhua tus neeg nyob hauv cov neeg Ixayees noj mov li ntawm 67.9 kg ntawm no nqaij txhua xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, qhov no yog tsawg dua, tsuas yog 51.8 kg, thaum nyob rau hauv Russia ib capita tsuas yog 22.1 kg ntawm nqaij qaib nqaij ib xyoo yog suav rau.

Nqaij nqaij

Nqaij tawv nqaij ntawm cov qaib yog loj. Lawv yog cov hnyav thiab stocky, muaj loj heev paws thiab mos plumage. Feem ntau cov noog xws li phlegmatic thiab kev nyuab siab-resistant, lawv tsis ntshai ntawm cov neeg, lawv tsis demanding rau tej yam kev mob ntawm txim. Nqaij tawv nqaij tsis rush raws li nquag li qe breeds, tab sis lub instinct ntawm brooding ntawm me nyaum qaib nyob rau hauv hens yog tsim zoo. Ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nqaij breeds thiab crosses ntawm chickens yog cov nram qab no:

Yug lub npe	Lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm	Txhua xyoo qe	Nruab Nrab qe yuag	Qhov ntau ntau ntau (qhov loj ntawm qos yaj ywm / nqaij qaib, kg)
Brama	Tebchaws USA	125	60	4-4,5/3-3,5
Tsho loj heev	Tebchaws USA	180	55-56	5-5,9/3,6-4,5
Dorking	Great Britain	140	65	4-4,5/3-3,5
Cochinquin	Suav teb	100-135	50-60	5-5,5/4-4,5
Pob txha	Great Britain	130-160	56-60	3,5-4/3-3,3
Malin	Belgium	140-160	53-65	4-5/3-4
Orpington	Great Britain	160-180	60-61	4-5/3-4
Fireball	Fabkis	160-180	55-58	4-4,5/3-3,5
Langshan	Suav teb	100-110	55-56	3,5-4/3-3,5
Master grey	Hungary	200	60-70	6-7/2,5-2,9
Foxy qaib	Hungary	250-300	70	4-4,5/3,5-4

Muaj lwm pab pawg ntawm cov poj qaib - zoo nkauj (piv txwv li, Kab silk, sybright, teebmeem, paduan, shaboo, milfleur), sib ntaus (chamo, sumatra, azil) thiab vociferous (jurlovskie).

Cov ntsiab lus thiab tus cwj pwm

Cov mob ntawm lub tsev nqaij qaib yog feem ntau nyob ntawm yug. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, peb tham txog ib tug tsis unpretentious noog. Rau nws, yuav luag txhua chav qhuav thiab huv yog tsim. Active qe hens xav tau ntau qhov chaw dawb tshaj lawv ntau phlegmatic nqaij nyug congeners. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj zaug, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntawm qhov tseeb nyob rau ib square Meter ntawm qhov chaw muaj tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 2-3 feathered inhabitantsnyob rau hauv lub thib ob lawv muaj peev xwm ua chaw rau txog li 3-5 cov neeg. Nqaij-qe qe tsis yog sib cav, yog li no hauv pawg no nws zoo dua yog ua raws li kev cai tib yam nkaus rau cov qe sawv daws. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev, txhaws yuav tsum tau nruab (lawv tau teem rau ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 1 m saum npoo av hauv qhov nqi ntawm 20 cm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txhua tus noog), thiab kuj muab cov zes rau qe tso. Hauv pem teb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws them nrog cov laug cam, tom qab ntawd lub caij ntuj no yuav tsis muaj kev thaiv kev ntxiv. Ntxiv nrog rau cov chiv thiab haus cawv, nyob rau hauv cov nqaij qaib coop yuav tsum muab nruab "da dej" rau chav da dej, uas koj yuav tsum tau hliv (thiab lub caij ua kom rov qab) qhov sib tov ntawm tshauv, xuab zeb thiab av nplaum. Cov txheej txheem no yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm ntau cov tawv nqaij thiab plaub noog cab.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Chickens nyob rau hauv dav tos txias zoo, tab sis rau lawv nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas tsis muaj drafts thiab humidity nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev.

Ib qho tseem ceeb rau tsiaj txhu noj qab nyob zoo tseem tu li niaj zaus tu qaib coop thiab hloov chaw pwyog tias nws siv.

Rau feem ntau cov qaib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qe thiab nqaij-qe strands, taug kev nyob rau hauv qhib cua yog heev tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, cov noog muaj sijhawm rau lawv cov zaubmov ntawm cov kab ntau yam thiab kabmob, uas tsis tsuas zoo rau lawv cov kev tiv thaiv, tabsis tseem cia tus neeg ua liaj ua teb kom txuag tau qee yam ntawm cov nyiaj.

Kev noj haus thiab pub mis

Proteins, cov rog, carbohydrates, minerals thiab vitamins (tshwj xeeb yog A, B thiab D) yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm feathered herd. Muaj kev tshwj xeeb pub khoom noj rau cov nqaij qaib, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nplua, tab sis cov khoom noj yuav raug nqi rau tus neeg ua teb kim heev.

Nws yog qhov pheej yig dua los siv cov khoom thiab tsev pov tseg rau noj cov noog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, rau lub hom phiaj no haum:

qos yaj ywm, carrots, beets, pumpkins, zaub qhwv (nplooj), txiv apples, pears, plums, lwm yam zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nrog rau lawv cov tu thiab crook, thiab lwm yam khoom uas tsis ua lag luam (me me los yog germinated, tiam sis tsis lwj los yog mouldy );
dub thiab dawb khob cij, nrog rau crusts thiab crumbs (tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau soaked ua ntej);
qhov txav thiab khib nyiab tom qab txiav ntses thiab nqaij, nrog rau cov pob txha shredded;
mis nyuj, whey, tsev cheese, qaub mis nyuj (mollusks, qav, yoov, cua nab thiab lwm yam tsiaj kuj yog qhov chaw ntawm cov protein, tab sis yog hais tias cov qaib muaj lub sijhawm mus kev, lawv yuav saib xyuas qhov no ntawm kev noj haus);
khoom qab zib thiab khoom noj.

Txawm li cas los, lub hauv paus (li 60%) ntawm cov nqaij qaib yuav tsum yog lis, tshwj xeeb, pob kws, hom qoob mog, oats, rye, barley, thiab legumes.

Koj puas paub? Zus tau qoob loo hauv lub ntiaj teb tuaj zuj zus tsis tu ncua, nyob deb ua ntej ntawm kev siv nqaij nyug thiab nqaij npuas. Yog li, nyob rau hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, txog 20 lab tons ntawm nqaij qaib raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nyob rau hauv 20 xyoo no tus xov tooj tau nce mus rau 40 lab, thiab los ntawm 2020, raws li ib co forecasts, nws yuav 120 lab tons. Tus lej tseem muaj nqis tshaj plaws: hauv xyoo 1961, 6.5 npib qaib raug tua, nyob rau xyoo 2011 - 58,4 billions, thiab xyoo 2014 - twb muaj 62 billion tus neeg!

Koj tuaj yeem noj ib tug neeg laus noog ob los yog peb zaug ib hnub twg, thiab thawj hnub ntawm hnub nws zoo dua rau cov khoom noj thiab cov khoom noj (mos, mash, zaub ntsuab, thiab lwm yam), thiab thaum tsaus ntuj qhuav thiab tawv (grain). Nrog rau no txoj kev pub uneaten thiab perishable seem yuav tau muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm, yam uas tsis tau tawm hauv lawv thaum hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv lub feeders.

Yug me nyuam

Yuav kom paub tseeb tias cov qe ntau lawm thiab kev mob siab rau kev tsim kom loj hlob ntawm lub qe, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom ua raws li tom qab cov cai:

Noj cov qaub coop nrog sov zis (cov thawv ntoo ntawm 35 cm sib sib zog nqus siv tau) lined nrog straw, quav nyab los yog sawdust thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg.
Nrhav hloov qis rau hauv zes thiab tua kab mob hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa ntawm nqaij qaib coop (nws yog qhov zoo dua ua qhov no thaum tsiaj txhu nyob ntawm qhov ntau).
Muab cov noog uas muaj teeb pom kev zoo: lub qhov rais hauv tsev neeg lub tsev yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 1/10 ntawm thaj chaw hauv pem teb. Кроме того, в холодное время года необходимо искусственным образом увеличивать продолжительность светового дня минимум до 12-14 часов с помощью специальной досветки.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv cov cua kub hauv cov nqaij qaib yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 25 ° C, qhov tsawg kawg yuav tsum tsis txhob poob hauv qab + 15 ° C.

Rearing

Cov kev qhia "cov qaib hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg xav" txhob txwm ua cov xuav. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov me nyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tu thiab tuag taus rau thawj lub hlis los ntawm kev mob siab tshaj, mob siab tshaj, tsim cov khoom noj tsis zoo, nrog rau kev ua txhaum ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom huv thiab ua kom tsis muaj teeb meem hauv chav.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Chav tsev kub rau me nyaum qaib heev. Thaum thawj 5 hnub ntawm lub neej lawv yuav tsum tau 29-30 ° C, tom qab ntawd qhov kub ntawd yuav maj mam txo los ntawm 2-3 lub lis piam. Thaum me nyaum qaib yog ib lub hlis, lawv yuav muaj peev xwm hnov zoo thaum + 18 ° C.

Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom sov chav tsev uas muaj me nyuam qaib nrog cov teeb ci duab khib nyiab.

Rau cov menyuam nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tsim kom muaj chaw txaus dawb. Yog li, yog me nyuam yaus hatched me nyuam qaib 20-25 cov tib neeg ib square meter, ces thaum lub sij hawm lawv mus txog ib lub hlis ntawm hnub nyoog, tus xov tooj no yuav tsum tau txo rau 15, thiab ob los yog peb lub hlis - rau 10 tsiaj txhu ib square meter. Thawj zaug pub rau cov me nyuam me me tom qab lawv tawm ntawm lub qe, tab sis tom qab 12-16 teev (koj tuaj yeem tawm noog tshaib plab rau ib hnub: muaj cov khoom noj txaus txaus ntawm lub qe ces tus me nyuam qaib tsis paub kev tshaib kev nqhis), thiab rau lub hom phiaj no Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tsis boiled qe qe, raws li lawv feem ntau hais, tab sis pob kws hmoov (protein ntau, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseeb, yog tseem heev rog rau me me me nyaum qaib me).

Thaum xub thawj, me nyaum qaib nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv tshwj xeeb - broder.

Thawj hnub ntawm chickens yog pub txhua txhua ob teev, maj mam txo cov pluas noj, thawj zaug rau xya, thiab tom qab ntawd ces peb los yog plaub zaug ib hnub twg. Pib los ntawm peb hnub, tsev cheese, finely tws zaub, av oatmeal, thiab raws li tshwj xeeb pub rau chickens yog maj qhia nkag mus rau hauv kev noj haus. Los ntawm ob lub lis piam, mash qos yaj ywm, crushed boiled zaub uas ntxiv, thiab raws li tus me nyaum loj hlob, lawv cov ration yog systematically coj tawm mus rau qhov kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg tsis noj nqaij ntawm cov laus poultry. Cov domestication ntawm nqaij qaib yuav tej zaum yuav muab piv rau qhov tseem ceeb nrog lub invention ntawm lub log. Txij li thaum txheej txheem no pib ntau pua txhiab xyoo dhau los, cov neeg tau tsim muaj ntau hom ntau hom thiab yug ntawm tus noog. Nws yog zus hnub no tsis yog rau cov nqaij thiab cov qe xwb, thiab raws li tis thiab fluff, tab sis kuj rau kev lom zem (sib ntaus sib tua) thiab txawm rau kev zoo nkauj (hniav zoo nkauj). Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tseem ceeb zoo thiab tsim tau, tsis muaj tsiaj, ntawm tag nrho, uas tau puas tau tamed los ntawm tus txiv neej, muaj peev xwm sib tw nrog nqaij qaib.