Txiv lws suav ntev tau nrov nyob rau hauv peb lub vaj, tau ua ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv hauv kev ua noj ua haus. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws muaj teeb meem hauv kev cog qoob loo: Cov Urals thiab Siberia, txij thaum cov txiv lws suav yog cov kab ke yav qab teb. Kev qe tsis sawv, thiab rau cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam hnyav, qhov tshiab Snegir ntau yam, tiv taus kom tsis muaj peevxwm, tau tsim, thiab peb yuav tham txog nws hauv tsab ntawv no.
Ntau yam piav qhia
"Bullfinch" - luv luv lws suav, tsis yog tus qauv, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj li ib nrab ib 'meter' tsis loj hlob txawm nyob rau hauv feem ntau dej siab mob, uas distinguishes nws los ntawm lwm yam txiv lws suav ntawm no hom. Bush yog tsis heev branched, uas facilitates kev saib xyuas ntawm nws. Muaj zog pubescent tua ntawm lub teeb ntsuab xim nrog tsis loj, elongated duab carved nplooj, them nrog ib tug mos pawg los ntawm qab.
Lwm yam tseem ceeb los ntawm ntau cov txiv lws suav yog tias tua tau muaj peev xwm ciaj sia tsis tau tsuas yog tsawg dua, tab sis kuj rov qab tuaj frosts; dhau mus, ntau yam tsis poob cov khoom noj tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg pluag xau thiab nyob rau hauv kev tsis zoo, xws li tsis muaj teeb pom kev los yog noo. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob, hauv tej yam kev mob qhib, cov qoob loo hauv lub Xya Hli, thiab cov no yog cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj chaw nkaum. 
Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm ntau yam:
- thaum ntxov thiab tsis tau sib xyaw txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- tsis kam mus kub kub thiab drought;
- tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob ntawm nightshade (lig blight, xim av spotting);
- kev muaj peev xwm mus tsis muaj kev sib deev;
- siab ntawm cov qoob loo;
- kev thauj mus los zoo thiab khaws cia cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- universality hauv daim ntawv thov.
Koj puas paub? Txiv lws suav muaj peev xwm mus siab - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kev zoo siab hormone serotonin, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov xim liab.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yam ntxwv thiab tawm los
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm qhov tseeb daim ntawv, nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm tag nrho kom loj hlob yog uniformly tab xim nyob rau hauv maub liab. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog fleshy, tsis watery, tab sis muaj kua, sweetish nyob rau hauv saj, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj tsib nests nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm noob. 
Thaum ntxov ntau yam, ua kom tsis pub dhau 95 hnub tom qab qhov pom ntawm thawj zaug tua, thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm ob qho tib si, six txhuam nrog peb mus rau tsib txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib txhais tes. Qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm lws suav yog 150 g. Mus txog 6.5 kg ntawm qoob loo yuav tsum tau tua ib square meter ntawm cog.
Xaiv ntawm seedlings
Cov hau kev xaiv xaiv ib lub zoo yub:
- qhov tuab ntawm lub qia yog txog ib qho xaum;
- muaj xya yim yim xij;
- qhov muaj cov txhuam muaj zog;
- ci xim ntawm cov foliage uas twb muaj lawm, tsis muaj yellowness los yog me ntsis;
- tsis muaj zes qe menyuam.
Koj yuav xav paub yuav ua li cas xaiv lub sij hawm siab rau cog lws suav seedlings.
Bush, abundantly them nrog nplooj, yog yuav yuav overfed nrog nitrogen, xws seedlings yuav reluctant muab ovaries, tag nrho cov hwj chim yuav siv los tsim li ntsuab loj. Cov tawv nqaij los yog cov tawv nqaij tsis muaj zog heev tsis zoo ib yam. 
Yog hais tias muaj tsim ovaries, muaj tsis muaj guarantee tias lub seedlings yuav paus. Txawm hais tias nws yuav siv sij hawm cag, ib qho yuav tsum tau tos rau qhov tsim ntawm cov tshiab ovaries, thiab, raws li, cov hnub ntawm fruiting yuav muab ncua.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav seedlings uas yog densely ntim rau hauv ib lub thawv: thaum lub bushes raug faib, muaj ib qho siab yuav ua rau lub hauv paus system.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Sim mus yuav tag nrho cov seedlings los ntawm ib tus neeg muag khoom: qhov muaj ntawm av los ntawm txhua tus gardener nws tus kheej, ntau dua ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg xa khoom, qhov ntau "chances" mus sau ib tug bouquet ntawm fungi.
Av thiab chiv
Txiv lws suav xav tau ib tug nutrient, xoob av nrog ib tug nruab nrab ras txog (pH 6), on acidic xau, qhov zoo ntawm fruiting txo. Yeej zoo loamy thiab av av. Txiav seedlings thaum cov av zoo diav, ncig Lub Rau Hli, cov hnub yuav txawv nyob ntawm thaj av ntawd. 
Kev txiav txim ntawm cov av acidity siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb
Peb qhia koj kom xav txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov av acidity rau cov nroj tsuag, yuav ua li cas los txiav txim siab lub acidity ntawm cov av thiab yuav ua li cas deoxidize cov av.
Peas, taum, cabbage yuav ua ntej ntawm txiv lws suav. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob cog tom qab lwm solanaceous, nrog rau txiv lws suav. Lub ntiaj teb yog huv si ntawm cov nroj tsuag seem, dug li thiab pub nrog humus.
Tej kev mob loj hlob
Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, qhov nruab nrab cua txias hauv thaj tsam sab qaum teb-western yog + 15 ... +17 degrees, yog li rau thawj lub sij hawm nws yog qhov zoo dua los npog cov ntoo nrog ib zaj duab xis kom zoo dua qub. Los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm, tshem tawm lub vaj tse kom ventilate lub nroj thiab tshem tawm condensate los ntawm zaj duab xis. Nyob rau hauv ntau dua tej yam kev mob, koj yuav ua tau yam tsis muaj movie.
Rau cov txiv lws suav, koj yuav tsum tuaj tos qhov chaw pom kev, tab sis ib tug me me duab ntxoov ntxoo "Bullfinch" tsis raug mob. Dej lub seedlings moderately, nco ntsoov tias nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub trunks tsis ua ib crust. 
Tom qab rooting, zaj duab xis yog muab tshem tawm thiab saib xyuas raws li ib tug neeg laus cov nroj tsuag: sim dej, fertilizing nrog pob zeb hauv av complexes thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm, cov organic teeb meem thaum lub sij hawm fruiting.
Loj hlob los ntawm noob mus rau seedlings nyob rau tom tsev
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev loj hlob txiv lws suav "Bullfinch" - yog kom loj hlob seedlings koj tus kheej.
Noob npaj
Cov ntaub ntawv cog qoob loo yuav tsum tau ua ntej. Ua li no, npaj thawed los yog rainwater (nws yog softer tshaj qhov siv dej), nws yog rhuab, tiam sis tsis boiled. Hauv kub, li 50-60 degrees dej, ncuav tawm cov noob, sib tov thiab tsis lees paub tag nrho cov dej ntws: lawv pacifiers. 
Npaj cov noob Cov theem tom ntej ntawm kev npaj yog soaking, nyob rau hauv lub txias dej (lub noob tsis tshem tawm) ntxiv ib qho kev loj hlob stimulator, piv txwv li, "Appin" los yog "Silk". Tom qab peb teev, cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm cov dej thiab qhuav kom huv si.
Cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov chaw
Rau cov noob, npaj ntim los yog thawv rau seedlings, npaj av sib tov. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv: ib tug vaj huam sib luag ntawm vaj teb av thiab humus yog tov thiab kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov dej xuab zeb yog ntxiv. Nws yog ntshaw kom ntog cov av.
Rau ntim nrog cov qoob loo npaj qhov chaw sov (+25 degrees) cov ntsiab lus nrog kev teeb pom kev kaj. On qhov teeb qhov chaw nthuav tawm thaum tua. 
Kev cog noob
Sowing cov hnub rau ntau yam thaum ntxov - nruab nrab lub peb hlis ntuj los yog thaum xaus ntawm lub hlis. Noob yog sown nyob rau hauv lub furrows, faus los ntawm 2 cm, sprinkled nrog av. Tom qab sowing, cov av yog moistened nrog ib lub raj mis tsuag. Txhob ncuav dej mus rau hauv av los ntawm kev ywg dej tuaj yeem - ntxuav cov av nrog noob.
Xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej tag nrho cov nta ntawm germination ntawm lws suav noob thiab lawv cog nyob rau hauv cov av.
Seedling kev kho mob
Tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm seedlings seedlings yuav tsum ci ci feem ntau ntawm lub hnub, yog li cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau taws. Thaum thawj tus khub ntawm nplooj ntawv tshwm, lub seedlings swoop mus cais ntim, discarding qaug zog sprouts. Tom qab cog, fertilize ua pob zeb hauv av fertilizer nrog ib tug predominance ntawm nitrogen, uas yuav accelerate qhov kev loj hlob ntawm greenery thiab tua. Dej moderately thiaj li tsis mus ua rotting ntawm keeb kwm.
Txog ib lub lim tiam ua ntej cog hauv av, pots nrog bushes yog nqa tawm mus rau lub veranda los yog sam thiaj rau hardening. Pib lub txheej txheem nrog ib teev los yog ob, maj mam nce cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov txias rau ib hnub twg tag nrho. 
Huam nrog bushes coj mus rau lub lawj rau hardening
Transplanting seedlings mus rau hauv av
Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj, seedlings yog transplanted mus rau ib tug yav tas los npaj cheeb tsam. Cov dej nyab yog ntiav, txuas lub hauv paus ntawm lub yub. Yuav kom tsis txhob puas lub keeb ntawm seedlings thiab yooj yim rub nws tawm nrog ib tug av clod, lub lauj kaub nrog ib tug Bush yog watered. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm pits piled ib toj ntawm av, muab lub seedlings, ncaj lub keeb kwm thiab poob pw tsaug zog av. Nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ib tug deb ntawm yam tsawg 40 cm, nruab nrab ntawm kab ntawm plantings - txog 70 cm.
Agricultural technology ntawm loj hlob lws suav cov noob nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av
Yog hais tias peb yuav mus rau hauv tus account lub zoo Frost tsis kam ntawm ntau yam "Bullfinch", ces nws yog heev tau cog nws sai nrog noob.
Koj puas paub? Txhua xyoo ib ncig ntawm 60 lab tons ntawm txiv lws suav yog cog hauv lub ntiaj teb. Rau kev sib piv, apples yog zus txog 36 lab tons.
Sab nraum zoov
Rau cog hauv av qhib, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw rau yav qab teb rau ntawm qhov chaw, qhib rau hnub ci feem ntau ntawm nruab hnub thiab kaw ntawm cua. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj koj yuav tsum xav txog tias thawj lub sij hawm ua ntej germination qhov kub ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum siab - mus txog 25 degrees. Tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm tua nws yuav tsum lowered mus rau 17-20 degrees. 
Thaum cog rau hauv av, lub bushes yog ib txwm quenched. Tsev cog tsev cog qoob loo yuav tsum ua kom tawv nqaij, tawm qhov rooj qhib rau ib lub sijhawm. Qhov tseem ceeb disadvantage ntawm loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev xog paj yog zoo tagnrho rau cov kab thiab ntau yam kab mob fungal, sov thiab humid.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog cov nram qab no lws suav cultivation: nyob rau hauv windowsill, nyob rau hauv hydroponics, nyob rau hauv lub cochlea, raws li txoj kev ntawm Maslov thiab Terekhins.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm cog noob rau hauv av
Av rau sowing nyob rau hauv hauv av yog npaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, dug li nrog qhia txog ntawm humus thiab ntoo tshauv. Sowing yog nqa tawm nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Peb Hlis, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thaj tsam nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no lig lawv them cov qoob loo nrog ib tug ob zaj duab xis cover.
Nyob rau hauv thaj chaw xaiv uas xaiv rau sowing, ntiav grooves yog ua, lawv zoo watered thiab lawv tos kom txog thaum noo noo yog absorbed. Ces sprinkle on ib lub noob, tsis ua ib tug loj deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Tom qab ntawd, thaum germinating, tsis muaj zog seedlings nyias tawm. 
Watering
Watering txiv lws suav xav tau ib lub ntsis, "Bullfinch" tsis nyiam cov dej noo ntau li, yog li nrog cov dej nag ua rau cov dej tawm tsuas yog thaum muaj kev ntshiab.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm kev siv dej tshuaj, nrog rau kev kawm kom paub npaj rau ib lub system ntawm cov dej ntws tawm ntawm lub dacha.
Rau dej siv sov, dej muag, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los nruab rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm los khaws cov dej nag. Coj mus rhaub dej nrog muaj zog hardness yuav softened nrog borax los yog ntoo tshauv (3 g ib 1 liter). 
Av xoob thiab ua liaj teb
Ib txhij nrog dej, loosening yog nqa tawm kom saturate hauv paus system nrog oxygen. Weeding yog nqa tawm tsis tu ncua, raws li tsim nyog, tshem tawm cov nroj.
Txhim kho
"Bullfinch" - ib qib determinant, nws txhais tau hais tias, ncav cuag ib qhov siab, qhov ntxeev nres pheej loj thiab branching. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam, nyob rau hauv tus, tsis xav pasynkovanii, los ntawm txoj kev, me me stepchildren kuj ua rau ib tug qoob loo. Tsim ib tug Bush nyob rau hauv ob los yog peb trunks.
Yuav kom nce lub tawm los ntawm txiv lws suav lawv yuav tsum tau mus rau stepchild. Nyeem li cas kom tsim lws suav bushes nyob rau hauv qhib tua thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev cog khoom.
Garter siv
Cov hauv qab ntawm ntau yam ntxim saib ntxim ua, nws xav tau kev txhawb nqa thaum lub sij hawm fruiting, txawm cov tuab tua, hnyav txhuam nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem ua rau lawv. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau Bush lawv npaj ib tug me peg nrog nws txoj kev loj hlob, tying li Bush nrog yim siv cov hlua nyias. 
Tsis muaj teeb meem npaum li cas lub stalk tej zaum yuav, tag nrho cov gardeners pom zoo kom gartering txiv lws suav rau hauv qhib tua.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
"Bullfinch" teb zoo tshaj plaws rau pob zeb hauv av. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering, tsim ntawm ovaries thiab fruiting bushes yog watered nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm phosphorus-poov tshuaj complexes.
Kab tsuag, kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv
Lub ntsiab kab mob ntawm cov txiv lws suav yog lig blight, grey thiab to top rot, xim av nplooj ntoos chaw. "Bullfinch" muaj ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob no, tab sis kev tiv thaiv tsis raug mob.
Kawm yuav ua li cas kom tshem ntawm phytophthora, cladosporia thiab apical rot ntawm txiv lws suav.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau kev loj hlob ntawm fungi thiab viruses, cov av rau ntawm lub site yog sprayed nrog ib tug daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate. Txau yog nqa tawm nrog kub kub ntawm lub teeb liab xim. 
Txau lub txiv lws suav nrog ib tug daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate. Ua ntej flowering, cov nroj tsuag uas sprayed nrog rau cov txheeb raws roj ntsha npaj "Fitosporin". Pests yog pov tseg nrog insecticides ua ntej flowering lub sij hawm. Txiv lws suav tau tawm tsam aphid, scoop, Colorado qos beetle, medvedka. Thaum xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab no yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj yeeb-tshuaj thoob plaws. Tom qab flowering thiab thaum lub sij hawm fruiting, koj yuav siv tau cov kev cai:
- infusion ntawm dandelion keeb kwm;
- broth celandine;
- infusion ntawm tansy;
- txhuam cov hmoov tshauv thiab luam yeeb.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nqa tawm cov txheej txheem nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj, yog li ntawd lub noo noo yog absorbed maj, thiab tsis evaporated nyob rau hauv lub hnub thiab tsis hlawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib cuag nrog foliage.
Harvesting thiab cia
Qoob loo ripens los ntawm nruab nrab - thaum xaus ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen yuav luag tusyees, yog li koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho qoob loo. Tshem tawm los ntawm Bush nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm technical ripeness, yog hais tias tus txiv lws suav yog zus rau kev lag luam, thiab lawv yuav thauj. Rau kev siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem raug muab tshem tawm thiab muaj peev xwm paub tab, vim hais tias cov kab lis kev cai tsis zoo rau ntes. 
Rau lub sij hawm ntev cia, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog folded nyob rau hauv thawv, interbedded nrog sawdust, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog xaiv yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tsaus me ntsis. Cia txias - 10-12 degrees, qhov av - tsis tshaj li ntawm 80%. Lub chav no tsis tu ncua kom cov dej noo tsis ntim thiab cov kab mob fungal tsis tsim.
Thaum ua tiav ntawm cov cai no cov khoom yuav nyob li ob lub hlis. Ntxuav cov khoom ua ntej siv.
Tej teeb meem thiab kev pom zoo
Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thaum cog cov qoob loo, xws li sib ntsuav los yog daj daj ntawm nplooj, poob zes qe los yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag yuav tsum tau ua tiav thaum lub sij hawm. Nws yog mus rau lub yeej ntawm tus kab mob, fungi los yog pests tias nroj tsuag reacts nrog sab nraud tshwm sim. 
Dej ntawm nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv hauv paus kom tsis txhob Burns ntawm foliage. Qhov nyiaj ntawm noo noo yuav tsum sim kom tsis txhob ua rau paus rot, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav cuam tshuam rau lub zwj ceeb ntawm lub sim saum nruab ntug. Qhov qis nplooj ntawm bushes yuav tsum tau txiav tawm kom tsis txhob high humidity.
Nws tsis tas yuav ua rau nws muaj nitrogen chiv thiab hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus, qhov ntau ntau yog siv rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg pluag xau, thiab nrog ib qho kev nplua nuj ntawm cov chiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm fruiting yuav tsiv rov qab, qhov zoo ntawm qoob loo yuav ua kom paug, piv txwv li, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav ua kua dej thiab tsis qab. 
Dropping xim yuav pab tiv thaiv kev kho mob ntawm ib tug ntawm boric acid (me ntsis feeb meej). Thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm ovaries yuav nres lub stimulator "Bud." Lub ntsiab yog cov sprayed nrog rau kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv thaum yav tsaus ntuj, nyob rau hauv qhuav, calm huab cua.
"Bullfinch" - ib tug tsim nyog sawv cev ntawm thaum ntxov ntau yam ntawm txiv lws suav. Tsis muaj lus teb, thiab koj tuaj yeem tau ntxiv ib qho ntxiv rau cov nqi zog saum toj no: koj tuaj yeem siv cov txiv lws suav tshiab thiab khaws cia rau lub caij ntuj no, dib qaub ncaug, qej, qaub, ua kua thiab xuas dej ntawm lawv.
