Tej zaum koj yuav xav tsis thoob, tab sis daim duab ntawm kev sau cov nceb yog qhov kev tshawb fawb tiag. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tas yuav tsum paub qhov twg thiab thaum twg nws thiaj li tau mus sau lawv, tab sis kuj yuav tsum paub qhov txawv cov nceb tau ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov tshuaj lom, raws li tom kawg yuav tau siv lub ntsej muag rau lawv tus kheej zoo heev. Ignorance ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov nceb yuav ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab. Cia peb tshawb txog lub ntsiab ntawm cov nceb uas loj hlob hauv cheeb tsam Saratov, nrog rau cov cai ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab nceb qhov chaw.
Edible Mushrooms
Cov nceb yuav noj tau. Muaj ob peb txhiab ntawm lawv paub, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Saratov loj hlob nram qab no:
- ntsiab;
- saffron mis;
- tiag tiag milkcakes
- dub browsers;
- boletus;
- champignons thiab umbrellas;
- Aspen noog;
- loading;
- chanterelles;
- leej twg;
- zib ntab agaric;
- kab.
Dawb nceb
Dawb mushroom (dawb, boletus, hauv Latin Sau npe) prefers kom loj hlob ze ze spruce, Pine, Oak, birch on ntxhuab los yog lichen npog, zeb, av, loamy av. Nws hlob txhua lub teb chaws tshwj tsis yog Australia. Nws cap tau ncav cuag 50 cm hauv girth, thiab ob txhais ceg - 10 cm nyob rau hauv dav thiab 25 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab. 
Lub kaus mom Muaj ntau hom txawv ntawm xim av xim - los ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj nti rau lub teeb pom kev. Nws yog dome-zoo li nyob rau hauv cov duab, tab sis nrog lub hnub nyoog lub fungus hloov duab rau ib flatter ib. Peel nyob rau ntawm lub taub hau yuav tau, me ntsis shriveled los yog tawg, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm high humidity lub mucous mus rau kov, tab sis yuav tsum tsis txhob poob qab lub pulp.
Kawm txog ntau txoj kev ntawm ntxawm porcini nceb rau lub caij ntuj no, yuav ua li cas khov kom zoo, tshaj li cov nceb dawb.
Pulp tuab, tuab, milky colour, nrog lub hnub nyoog muaj peev xwm ua ntau friable thiab yellowish, yog tawg, nws yuav tsis hloov xim. Nyob rau hauv nws cov raw daim ntawv, nws tsw tsw qab, tab sis thaum lub caij ua noj, lub aromas yog kwv yees thoob plaws hauv tsev.
Nyob rau hauv lub pulp yog ib tug tubular txheej txog li 4 cm tuab. Nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub fungus, cov xim nws txawv ntawm dawb mus rau daj ntseg daj los yog me ntsis txiv ntseej.
Cov ceg yog tuab, zoo li ib lub phom nyob rau hauv cov duab, thiab nyob rau hauv qub nceb nws yog ib tug lub tog raj kheej. Cov xim yog me ntsis ntom tshaj lub hau, muaj ib qho qauv mesh. 
Qhov feem ntau fruitful lub sij hawm rau ib tug boletus yog xaus ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm yuav sau los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov kom txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug sov Autumn - nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj.
Koj puas paub? Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov nqaij fungus uas 140 kg thiab 2 m ntawm lub taub twb raug muab tua nyob rau hauv 1985 hauv Wisconsin (Tebchaws USA).
Nyob rau hauv ltalis, boletus yog raw nqaij, nws yog ris txiaj ntsim tom qab ib daim ntawv ntawm kev ua noj, raws li nws kis ib tug heev appetizing qab thiab tsis darken thaum siav.
Hom kev ua noj boletus:
- ziab - hos qhov tsw yog ntau tshaj tawm;
- roasting;
- boiling;
- extinguishing;
- cia kom khov;
- marinating.
Nws tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov tais diav thiab cov tais diav, cov kua ntses, kua zaub, ua khoom noj rau pies, pancakes, dumplings. Cov kev pab ntawm nws siv yog pom nyob rau hauv lub stimulation ntawm digestion thiab zoo protein digestibility.
Mis nyuj haus
Cov pab pawg no muab ntau hom kev nceb sib xyaw nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho (tiag tiag) thiaj li xam tau tias, cov khoom noj tau zoo dua.
Ib tug tiag tiag brute (ntub, dawb, pravsky, nyoo, Lactárius résimus) hlob ze ib ceg, pines, limes nyob rau hauv loj pawg. Loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov mus rau thaum pib ntawm Autumn.
Kawm yuav ua li cas sau thiab sau aspen, dub tog dej, yuav ua li cas sau mis nyuj nceb rau lub caij ntuj no.
Lub kaus mom mus txog 20 cm ntawm qhov chaw, cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb tiaj li, ces siv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hleb, cov npoo yog npuaj sab, muaj ntaub nplaum dawb ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ib lub teeb daj daj thiab liab plob yog qhov ua tau. 
Pulp elastic, emits ib ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab, tas sij hawm nrog kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li cov mis, tab sis nrog ib tug ntse saj tias ntoo thiab ua qias neeg daj.
Ceg tej zaum yuav muaj qhov siab txog li 7 cm thiab ib girth mus txog 5 cm, tus npliag, nyob hauv nruab nrab, xim yog tib yam li qhov ntawm lub hau.
Nyob hauv cov teb chaws Europe, cov nceb nceb yuav pom tias tsis muaj nceb, nyob hauv peb lub teb chaws lawv nyiam mus qis thiab marinate. Qee hom yog qhuav, hauv pem teb thiab siv los ua ib lub caij nyoog ntsim.
Cov kab mob yeeb yuj
Lub kaus yog variegated (macrolepiota, Mushroom kaus, Macrolepiota procera) npe tom qab lub kaus poom uas nws muaj cov zoo sib xws. Mushroom no yog ib tus txheeb ze ntawm cov kabmob, nws lub kaus mom zoo li lub dome, ces nws yuav qhib thiab siv cov duab ntawm lub tswb, zoo li lub kaus hauv cov qauv nceb, thiab muaj me me toj zawj hauv nruab nrab. 
Nws yog grey-xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim, them nrog tsa tsa ntawm ib tug darker ntxoov ntxoo (vim li ntawm no, qhov nceb yuav tsum tau disheveled), mound yog tsaus ntuj nti. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm lub hau yuav ncav cuag 30 cm.
Pulp dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim, muaj nplua fibres, muaj ib qho nce mushroom aroma, thiaj li hais tias nyob rau hauv European, Asia thiab African lub teb chaws raug muag thaum tus nqi siab. Tsuas yog cov pulp ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb noj nyob rau ntawd, txij li nws yuav nyuaj hauv paub tab. Qab ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog them nrog cov dawb dawb daim hlau.
Ceg nyias, txog li 50 cm siab, them nrog nplai, ib tug "tiab" hlob nyob rau hauv lub bonnet.
Umbrellas yog sau los ntawm nruab nrab-lub caij ntuj sov mus rau nruab nrab-Autumn hauv tsis tshua cog rau hav zoov. Lawv noj feem ntau kib. 
Chanterelles
Chanterelles (Cantharéllus) - cov no yog nceb loj hlob ze ntawm cov ceg ntoo thiab kev txiav txim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv av, tej zaum nyob rau Moss.
Muaj cov no:
- velvety chanterelle (ntau hom);
- faceted;
- ntxhiab tsw;
- hom (tiag chanterelle, cockerel);
- daj;
- cuav (inedible);
- grey
- tubular;
- funnel horn-puab (dub).
Nws yuav pab tau koj kom paub yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm kev dag chanterelle los ntawm qhov tseeb chanterelle, yuav ua li cas tuaj nqa chanterelles, yuav ua li cas khov chanterelles, yuav ua li cas kho chanterelles.
Chanterelles loj hlob ntawm ob txhais ceg, uas maj mam tig mus rau hauv ib lub hau uas tsis muaj kev hloov. Cov nqaij yog nplaum, dawb los yog daj, lub ceg thiab hau yog tuab, lub nceb lawv tus kheej tsawg, feem ntau yog tawm ceg. Lub qab ntawm lub hau yog tais. 
Feem ntau feem ntau, cov nceb noj cov xim daj, cov duab ntxoov ntxoo, qee qhov grey los yog dub.
Chanterelles loj hlob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-lub caij ntuj sov thiab muaj peev xwm loj hlob mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab-Autumn. Lawv yuav luag tsis muaj zog.
Lawv feem ntau yog kib, hau, qhuav, kaus poom.
Maslata
Maslyata (Suillus) cog ze ntawm cov kab ntoo ntawm lub caij ntuj sov mus txog rau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab muaj txog 50 hom tsiaj. Lub kaus mom lawv yog dome-puab los yog ncaj, daim tawv nqaij yog tus, nplaum, tsaus, yooj yim muab tshem tawm los ntawm nqaij ntawm ib tug daj tsos nqaij daim tawv.
Kawm seb cov boilers puas pab tau thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj rau, yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv txaij boars, yuav ua li cas kom ceev ceev lub boars tsis muaj riam, dab tsi yog cov hau kev npaj boilers rau lub caij ntuj no, yuav ua li cas six noj zaub pickled boars rau lub caij ntuj no.
Thaum hlais, lub cev nqaij daim tawv tuaj yeem los txhav los yog nplhaib, nws yog qhov tob hauv qab. Cov ceg yog du los yog me ntsis ntxhib, qis, tej zaum yuav muaj lub nplhaib hauv qab lub hau. 
Butters yog kib, boiled, salted, pickled, ntxiv rau soups, sauces, sab lauj kaub tais diav, tsawg dua - qhuav.
Autumn nceb
Autumn nceb (tiag tiag, Armillaria mellea) tau muab sau los ntawm Lub Yim Hli Dhau los txog rau Lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw mus nrhiav tau lawv yog ntub deciduous groves, ravines, stumps.
Lawv lub kaus mom loj hlob mus txog 10 cm nyob rau hauv lub girth, tsawg zaus - txog li 17 cm, nws yog dome-puab, maj qhib. Cov laus hlob nceb, nws lub khawm nws yuav yog.
Cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom yog daj-xim av los yog lub teeb xim av nrog ib tug me admixture ntawm ntsuab, darker nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Ua ke ntawm cov npoo loj hlob cream-xim nplaum, uas tej zaum yuav tsis yog lub qub nceb. 
Cov nqaij yog thawj fleshy, lub teeb, ces ua thinner, stiffer, tsw zoo, lamellar los ntawm hauv qab no.
Ob txhais ceg yog nyias, mus txog 10 cm siab, xim av, ntawm lub qhov ntxoo ntawm ib lub teeb ntxoov ntxoo, los ze zog rau hauv av - tsaus, nrog daim hlau, ze lub bonnet muaj ib zaj duab xis hauv lub voj voog. Nyob rau hauv overripe nceb, lub qia saj yog nyuaj thiab ua txhaum rau hauv fibers.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! 100 g ntawm honeydew muaj txhua hnub ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc.Nceb marinate, ntsev, Fry, boil. Nyob rau hauv Western lub teb chaws, lawv tsis nrov, qee zaum suav tias yog lom zem.
Kawm txog cov khoom siv ntawm cov nceb nceb, yuav ua li cas khov nceb nceb rau lub caij ntuj no, yuav ua li cas mus pickle, yuav ua li cas mus pickle, yuav ua li cas ua noj caviar los ntawm zib mu agaric.
Tiaj nyom zib ntab agaric
Tiaj nyom agaric zib mu (meadows, tiaj nyom negnuchchiki, cloves, tiaj nyom marasmius, Marasmius oreades) tau sau los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub sij hawm mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv nyom - nyob rau hauv lub meadows, nyob rau hauv ravines, nyob ze txoj hauv, nyob rau hauv vaj teb thaj av. Lawv loj hlob hauv cov tsev neeg coob. 
Lub kaus mom Dome-puab tom ntej, ces ua ca, nyob rau hauv qub qub nceb qhov sawv yog nyom upwards, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj ib tug mound mound. Nws lub girth nce mus txog 5 cm, tsawg dua - 8 cm. Cov hau ntawm lub hau yog nrov, me ntsis toothed. Peel yellowish xim av, tej zaum yuav nplaum. Pulp maj mam, muaj ib lub teeb clove los yog almond tsw. Hauv qab hau no yog them nrog cov paib.
Ceg yuav ua tau li 10 cm siab thiab 5 hli hauv girth. Nws qab qab thiab ua nyuaj rau cov hnub nyoog. Cov xim ntawm ob txhais ceg yuav tsis yog li khaus raws li ntawm lub hau.
Nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus, feem ntau tsuas yog lub kaus mom yog siv - lawv pickled, salted, kib, boiled. Legs edible, tab sis nyuaj.
Brownberries
Blackberry seedlings ( Leccinum) muaj ob peb hom uas txawv ntawm qhov tawv qhuav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ntawm grey-xim av kom tsaus xim av. 
Cov tawv nqaij yog dome-zoo li, lub cev nqaij daim tawv dawb, mos, nws kab yuav muaj txog li 15 cm Lub cev nqaij dawb yog xim, hauv qab yog npog nrog threadlike fibers uas tsaus ntuj nrog lub hnub nyoog ntawm fungus, nws saj mos, muaj kua. Thaum tawg nws tsis hloov xim (tshwj tsis yog rau pinking podberzovik). Kev saj thiab tsw tsw yog nruab nrab.
Ob txhais ceg yog nyias (nyob rau hauv cov xim dub thiab hnyav yog khaus-zoo li), nws muaj peev xwm yuav ntev txog 12 cm ntawm qhov ntev, lub teeb grey hauv xim, scaly, fibrous hauv saj.
Lub caij rau lawv cov khoom tuaj thaum Lub Rau Hli thiab xaus rau lub Kaum Hlis. Brownberries loj hlob ze ntawm deciduous ntoo, ntau zaus - ze ibches. Lawv tuaj yeem qhuav taus, ua noj ua haus, khoom kib, khoom noj.
Koj puas paub? Cov pej xeem ntawm tundra thiab hav zoov-tundra zones, qhov twg xim av birch loj hlob nyob ntsiag to ib tsob ntoo ntoo, lawv yoke hu lawv "ntau-birch".
Aspen nceb
Aspen nceb muaj xws li:
- Liab (redhead, krasik, krasyuk, liab mushroom, aspenik, xim, Leccinum aurantíacum) - nrog lub kaus mom liab.
- Yellow-xim av (liab-xim av, me me tawv, Leccinum versipélle) - nrog ib lub kaus mom ntawm daj-xim av xim.
- Dawb (Aspen dawb, Leccinum percandidum) - nrog lub kaus mom dawb.
- Pleev xim (Hárrya chrómapes) - nrog ib lub kaus mom ntawm lub teeb liab xim thiab ib ceg nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ib lub teeb liab, nyob rau hauv qab - ntawm ib daj daj.
Lawv txawv los ntawm xim av los ntawm ntau cov nqaij mos thiab ib lub pob loj loj ceg.
Nrhiav seb hom kab txiv kab ntxwv hau muaj boletus tshwm sim li cas, seb qhov nceb nceb li cas yuav zoo li cas, yuav ua li cas qhia qhov txawv txav boletus.
Lub khwb loj hlob mus txog 15 cm inch, feem ntau tsawg dua - mus txog 30 cm Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb nws yog spherical, nyob ib sab rau lub pedicle, ua dome-puab nrog lub hnub nyoog.
Cov nqaij ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb yog muaj zog, lub overripe yog softer, xim yog dawb, nws ua tawg tsaus thaum tawg. 
Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub hau nws yog them nrog villi-tubules txog li 3 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, ntawm uas pores raug tsim. Cov laus dua lub fungus, ib tsos tsaus tsawv xim ntawm txheej txheej no.
Lub ceg yuav ncav cuag 15 cm ntawm qhov ntev thiab 5 cm hauv girth, dawb xim, scaly. Nws muaj ib tug cylindrical duab, tej zaum yuav muaj lub dav loj dua mus rau hauv av. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov neeg browndockers, tsis muaj lub thoob-puab. Cov saj tau cov txaj muag.
Qhov tsw ntawm fungus yog qaug zog, lub saj yog nruab nrab, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ua noj ua haus blackens. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav kib, marinated, qhuav, boiled, salted.
Nws yuav tsum raug tshawb nyob ze cov tub ntxhais hluas txiav txim siab, ntau zaus - nyob ze ntawm aspen thiab poplar, txij thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg. 
Loadings
Muaj ob sab yog:
- ntsiab;
- dub
- blackening.
Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov nceb no tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov mis nyuj, tab sis sab nraud lawv zoo dua li lawv, tab sis mus rau rubula. Lawv loj hlob ze li ntawm cov ntoo, ntoo thuv, aspen, spruce, birch, beech, thiab alder. Sau lawv ntawm nruab nrab-lub caij ntuj sov mus rau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Podgazdki muaj ib tug zoo saj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntsev.
Txawv podgruzdka dawb (ntub dej qhuav, Rússula délica) los ntawm lub nra yog raws li nram no:
- nyob rau hauv qhuav thiab non-fleecy tawv ntawm lub hau;
- nyob rau hauv nyias cov paib nrog ib lub teeb xiav tint;
- nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- nyob rau hauv qhov qhaj ntawv ntawm ib tug ntse saj nyob rau hauv lub pulp uas tsis muaj paib.
Lub kaus mom dawb nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab xim tsa ib pawg, nws kuj muaj cov duab ntawm ib lub funnel ntawm dawb xim nrog tsaus markings. Nyob rau hauv lub girth cap tau ncav cuag 18 cm. Pulp tsis muaj daim hlau ua tsis tiav, cov paib saj ntse.
Ceg lub fungus, zoo li ntawm ib tug bummer, yog dawb, cylindrical, khoob hauv.
Dub loadings (Yuav tsum ua li cas) yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab ib tug ntse saj, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, lub cev muaj ib tug sweetish saj. Yog hais tias koj tawg ib lub nceb, lub pulp yuav tig liab, tom qab nws yuav tsaus ntuj, dub me ntsis tshwm los ntawm siab. Cov nceb tsw zoo li pwm.
Qhov zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog tib yam li ntawm daim tawv nqaij; daim tawv nqaij yog grey-ntsuab (ntev lub fungus hlob, ib tsos tsaus tsawv lub duav), nws yog nplaum rau qhov kov.
Blackening underloads (Rússula nígricans) nrog lub hnub nyoog lawv hloov cov xim ntawm lub cap: nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb nws yog lub teeb grey, ces xim av, nyob rau hauv overripe nceb nws yog dub. 
Cov duab ntawm lub hau zoo li rab diav.
Cov nqaij yog dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim, nws hloov liab on tawg, ces nws hloov dub. Nws tsw zoo li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws qab ntsim.
Lub ceg kuj pauv xim los ntawm dawb mus rau dub, nws saj yog qab zib.
Podgazdki tshwj xeeb tshaj yog six nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntsev.
Ryzhiki
Ryzhik (elovik, Lactarius) yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, raws li nws muaj vitamins A, B, C, cov amino acids thiab lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, muaj ntau hom. Nws lub npe yog yuam kom txiv kab ntxwv.
Nws cap tau loj hlob mus txog 18 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb nws yog dome-puab nrog ib tug pov toj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. 
Maj mam, nws hloov tawm thiab siv daim ntawv ntawm lub funnel nrog cov npoo ntawm qhov muag. Qhov roughness ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog ploj lawm, nws yuav ua nplaum. Cov tawv nqaij fungi tuaj yeem tsaus ntuj nti. Daim hlau no nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub hau.
Ceg hlob zoo nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug lub tog raj kheej nrog emptiness sab hauv, xim yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm ib tug cap. Nyob rau hauv qhov siab nws hlob mus txog 7 cm, nyob rau hauv girth - txog li 2 cm.
Pulp txiv kab ntxwv, thaum hlais tsaus ntuj, smells ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cua, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawm ib nplua nuj xim txiv kab ntxwv, uas sai sai darkens.
Nws hlob ze pines thiab spruce nyob rau hauv cov nyom los yog on Moss ntawm nruab nrab-lub caij ntuj sov mus rau nruab nrab-Autumn.
Huskies yog cua, yog salted los yog pickled, nrog qhov kev kho mob no lawv cov xim ua greenish. Koj tuaj yeem noj zaub nyoos. 
Rowing
Rowing (tricholom, Tricholoma) muaj ntau tshaj 90 hom kab mob hu ua fungi, nrog rau cov tshuaj lom. Cov kaus mom ntawm cov kab yuav ua tau, ncig los yog me ntsis zoo ib yam dab tsi. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj txog li 10 cm ntawm qhov loj, tsawg dua txog li 15 cm.
Nrhiav kom paub seb lawv saib zoo li cas thiab seb puas muaj kab liab, grey kab, ntshav kab, kab xiav, kab ntsuab, kab tshais, daj daj daj.
Xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav liab, xim av, ntsuab, grey, thiab lwm yam., nyob ntawm seb cov tsiaj. Peel tej zaum yuav qhuav los nplaum.
Ceg nws muaj peev xwm yuav mus txog 10 cm siab thiab mus txog 2 cm hauv girth; nws yuav dawb los yog ntawm tib xim li lub hau. Lub saj yog fibrous.
Pulp tej zaum yuav poob qab, hlawv, me ntsis iab, mealy rau saj. Nws yog nyias los yog tuab, dawb los yog daj, tsis muaj ntxhiab los yog nrog me ntsis tsw. 
Ridovki loj hlob zaws - nyob rau hauv deciduous nyuaj thiab coniferous forests, nyob rau hauv ravines, on hav zoov sawv, nyob rau hauv clearings. Qee hom no yog cov xim thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiav txim siab, tshwj xeeb - muaj dej cawv, los sis, hloov qis dua, - cov ceg ntoo (ceg ntoo). Sau ryadovki los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov mus rau nruab nrab-Autumn.
Hauv kev ua noj, qhov zoo ibyam tsis zoo siab, raws li lawv saj iab los yog tsis noj nqaij, tab sis nyob rau hauv kib, salted thiab pickled daim ntawv, lawv saj ua zoo dua.
Russula
Los ntawm 275 hom ntawm cov menyuam yaus (Roussula) 60 muaj nyob rau ntawm ib ncig ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab coniferous hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab Autumn. Lawv tag nrho txawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij xim, uas tau yooj yim sib cais los ntawm lub pulp.
Lub pulp yog lamellar, brittle, nyob rau hauv ib co tsiaj hloov xim thaum sib txuas nrog huab cua, qhov saj yog mos, iab los yog ntse. 
Kaus mom cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb yuav ua tau rau hauv pob, ces maj straightened, them nrog daim hlau hauv qab. Lub cheeb muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 5 cm, tej zaum - 10 cm, nyob rau hauv ib co - 30 cm.
Ob txhais ceg kev sib txuas los yog kev nthuav dav zuj zus, tej zaum yuav khoob nyob hauv nruab nrab, dawb xim los yog tib yam li lub hau. Qhov siab ntawm lub ceg nce mus txog 8 cm.
Txhawm rau rhuav tshem ntawm txoj kev mob siab, yuav tsum tau ua ntej yuav tsum tau hau los yog soaked. Tom qab ntawd, lawv yog cov kib, salted, pickled.
Poisonous thiab xwm txheej siav nceb
Nceb yog hu ua poisonous, muaj cov khoom phom sij uas ua rau muaj kev lom neeg raug mob, cuam tshuam rau lub hauv lub cev los yog ua kom tuag. 
Cov no muaj xws li nceb noj:
- daj ntseg grebe yog qhov lom tshaj plaws;
- ya ya agaric;
- govorushka;
- kab laug sab web;
- gallery;
- kab;
- fibrin;
- lepiota;
- cuav qes cuav;
- cuav dawb quav;
- Mus Mus Ib Txhis;
- nplua npua thiab lwm tus (txog 150 hom tsiaj).
Cov khoom noj tau zoo yog cov nceb uas muaj qhov tsis zoo los yog ua rau lom hauv cov ntawv tsis muaj mob, thiab tom qab ua noj ua tiav lawm:
- mis nyuj nceb ntxiv rau tam sim no;
- Ntxuav;
- valui;
- Duboviki;
- whitefish;
- mokruhi;
- dej nag;
- grey-liab dawb amanitas.
Feem ntau lawv noj mis nyuj, cov wagons thiab walui.
Ntshe grebe
Ntsuab Grebe (Amanita phalloides) - feem ntau qhov phom sij ntawm lub ntiaj chaw. Nws lub hau yuav muaj txog li 15 cm ntawm qhov loj me, tej zaum yuav puag ncig los yog flattened, nws cov tawv nqaij yog tawm-dawb, nrog ib lub taum ntsuab lossis grayish. Hauv qab hau no yog them nrog cov phaj ntxig. Мякоть белая, толстая, пахнет приторно-сладко, запах слабый.
Cov ceg yuav tau ntev txog 16 cm siab mus txog 2.5 cm hauv girth, muaj cov duab ntawm ib lub cylinder, yog pleev xim rau xim dawb los yog cap xim, nws tshwm sim nrog tus qauv ntav. Hauv qab taw thicker dua li saum, qhwv rau hauv ib lub "handbag" nyob rau hauv dawb.
Nws hlob zoo nyob rau hauv cov av hauv cov av ntawm lub hli dhau los mus txog rau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, saib xyuas cov chaw nyob ze ntawm cov ntoo loj, zoo zoo. 
Cov cwj pwm ntawm kev qaug cawv tshwm sim thaum cov neeg tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog cov tshuaj lom, tom qab 6, nws tshwm sim tom qab 48 teev. Ib hnub tom qab, cov phiajcim ploj, tabsis kev qaug cawv ntxiv. Lub lull yuav kav ntev txog 4 hnub, ces txhua yam rov qab los nrog lub zog tshiab.
Thaum lub sij hawm tus neeg nrhiav kev pab kho mob, puas siab ntsws rau lub siab thiab lub raum yuav ua tsis tau rov qab. Koj tuaj yeem tau poisoned txawm nrog ib qho me me ntawm no nceb.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov daj ntseg toadstool thiab cov nceb nceb yog cov paib dawb, muaj ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab nyob rau hauv lub hau thiab lub nplhaib, thiab lub cev nqaij tawv tsis muaj nqaij.
Hma
Cov hma tuaj rau hauv:
- Ntsiab (dawb, Lactárius pubéscens) - daim tawv nqaij pleev xim dawb, nyob hauv nruab nrab lub hau yuav tsaus ntuj.
- Paj yeeb (lub cev, lub cev, lub cev, lub cev, lub cev, lub cev, lub cev, lub cev, lub cev, lub cev, Lactárius torminósus) - daim tawv nqaij yog pleev xim rau hauv lub teeb xim liab.
Qhov loj ntawm lub hau yog 8-12 cm, nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb nws yog pav ca hauv plag; hauv cov laus qub nws ua ib qho me me, qhov sawv ntawm cov pink liab yuav nqes. Hauv qab hau no yog them nrog cov paib.
Cov nqaij yog tuab, dawb nrog ib lub teeb aroma thiab ib tug ntse saj. Dawb so muaj ib lub cev tsis muaj zog, liab twb tsis muaj. Ib cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb, xws li cov mis nyuj, raug tso tawm ntawm lub pulp thaum crushed.
Cov qia no muaj li 6 cm siab thiab mus txog 2 cm nyob rau hauv lub girth, nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug kheej kheej, ntawm tib lub ntxoov ntxoo li lub bonnet, muaj zog, thiab nyob rau hauv qub nceb muaj ib tug khoob nyob sab hauv.
Tshawb nrhiav yuav tsum nyob ze ntawm lub koog nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj thiab lub Cuaj Hli. Noj lawv rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Valui
Valuy (npua, Kubur, podtopolnik, nyuj, cowshed, tiller, plakun mushroom, cam, whitefish, Tshawb foétens) hlob nyob rau hauv coniferous thiab deciduous hav zoov los ntawm nruab nrab-lub caij ntuj sov mus rau nruab nrab-Autumn. 
Cov tawv nqaij muaj peev xwm ncav cuag qhov loj ntawm 15 cm Cov tawv nqaij yog daj-xim av los sis daj, nrog rau cov ntug ntawm grooves, nws yog yooj yim lagging qab lub pulp, them nrog hnoos. Nyob rau hauv me me nceb, tus sawv ntawm lub cap adjoin lub qia, sib sau ua ib lub pob, ces tus sawv nce. Hauv qab no yog qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntxoo ntawm lub phaj.
Lub cev nqaij daim tawv tsis muaj zog, dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim, thaum tawg nws darkens. Nws saj yog iab, qhov tsis hnov tsw yog qhov txawv txav ntawm spoiled butter.
Cov ceg yuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub tog raj kheej los yog ib lub thoob, mus txog 12 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab mus txog 3 cm nyob rau hauv girth, xim yog dawb nrog tsaus me ntsis. Los ntawm cov hnub nyoog laus, emptiness tshwm sab hauv.
Lawv noj walui salted los yog pickled, tab sis ua ntej tshem tawm cov kev mob siab los ntawm steeping.
Skripitsa
Skripitsa (muaj kev xav, euphorbia, dries, mis nyuj podskrebysh, Lactárius velléreus) feem ntau hlob ze ib tug noog, coniferous thiab deciduous ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab thaum ntxov Autumn. 
Nws zoo li cov kua txob ua kua txob, tab sis cov paib hauv qab lub hau yog nyob ntawm ib qho chaw ze dua.
Lub kaus mom ntawm lub violin yog resilient, nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb nws yog me ntsis convex, ces tus sawv yog nyom, thiab nruab nrab ntog los ntawm, ua ib tug funnel. Cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog dawb, nws yog fleece mus rau lub kov. Cov kab ntawm lub cap tau ntev txog 26 cm Cov xim ntawm lub hau, pulp, daim hlau thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsaus ntuj me ntsis.
Cov nqaij yog dawb, ywj, nkig, thaum tawg los ntawm nws ua raws li cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj suab thaj nrog ib tus ntse heev thiab tsis hnov ntxhiab.
Cov ceg yuav tau ntev txog 8 cm siab thiab mus txog 5 cm ntawm kab, dawb hauv xim, khiav tawm.
Cov nceb noj qab ntsev tom qab ntev soak. 
Mushroom me ntsis nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Saratov
Feem ntau cov nceb nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Saratov yuav sau nyob rau hauv xws li qhov chaw:
- Popovka lub zos ntawm Saratov cheeb tsam (volnushki, mis nyuj nceb, xim av-brooms).
- Lub zos Yagodnaya Polyana Tatishchevsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (chanterelles, nceb).
- Lub zos ntawm Alekseevka Baltaysky koog tsev kawm ntawv (brownberry, boletus, aspen noog, Autumn honey agarics).
- Lub zos ntawm Ozerki, Petrovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (boletus, boletus, mis nyuj nceb, aspen noog).
- Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Ivanteevka, Krasnoarmeysky koog tsev kawm ntawv (boletus nceb, xim av daj, mis nyuj).
- Hav zoov los ntawm Tignes-Zinhes Lake ntawm Engelsky District (mis nyuj nceb, aspen nceb).
- Lub zos ntawm Kamenka, Tatishchevsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (boleta).
- Nroog hom Settlement Bazarny Karabulak, Bazarno-Karabulaksky Koog Tsev Kawm Ntawv (podberezoviki).
- Lub zos ntawm Zvonaryovka ntawm Marksa District (dawb, aspen nceb, daj nceb).
Koj puas paub? Tsis muaj leej twg paub thaum twg cov nceb tshwm nyob rau Lub Ntiaj Teb, tab sis nws paub tias lawv loj hlob txog 400 plhom xyoo dhau los, thaum dinosaurs tsis muaj nyob.
Cov tswv yim pab
Yuav kom sau tau ntau tshaj plaws nceb nceb thiab tsis tau poisoned, koj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai nram qab no:
- Tau txais kev paub txog cov cai ntawm cov nceb, cov nceb, cov duab ntawm cov nceb, cov kab.
- Tau sawv ntxov. Mushrooms zoo dua pom thaum lub hnub tsis gleam los ntawm cov nyom, thiab lub lwg ntawm lub khawm glitters thiab thim mloog rau nws tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis muaj cua sov thiab lwm cov nceb noj yuav tuaj yeem pab txhawb kom muaj hleis. Thaum nruab hnub koj yuav tsum taug kev hauv hav zoov nrog koj rov mus rau lub hnub.
- Khaub ncaws thiab nkawm khau yuav tsum yog huab cua hauv lub cev thiab nyiam - tiv thaiv cov cab, tsis txhob hamper zog, tsis pub, tsis ntub. Roj hmab ntoo pab tiv thaiv cov nab.
- Nyob rau hauv hnab yas, cov nceb yuav crumpled, crumbled thiab fogged, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv lub pob tawb nrog koj. Muab cov nceb taw cia.
- Yuav kom tsis txhob ploj, nws zoo dua tsis mus rau ib qho chaw tsis paub txog cov neeg tsis muaj tus neeg uas muaj kev taw qhia muaj. Tsis txhob hnov qab tus nqi xov tooj ua ntej koj mus, koj tuaj yeem nqa ib lub compass thiab navigator. Hauv hav zoov, nco cov cim landmarks.
- Noj cov dej huv nrog koj thiab nco ntsoov haus nws kom lub cev qhuav dej tsis tshwm sim.
- Thaum koj tuaj txog tom hav zoov, nrhiav ib lub pas uas koj tuaj yeem txhaws tau cov ntoo, kom tsis txhob khoov txhua zaus.
- Lub slightest tsis ntseeg txog qhov edibility ntawm fungus yog ib qho laj thawj tawm hauv nws nyob tom hav zoov. Txoj kev pheej hmoo hauv qhov xwm txheej no yog qhov tsis txaus siab, mushroom poisoning yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev kov yeej.
- Yuav kom tsis txhob noj nrog cov nceb ntawm ntau cov chemicals, tsis txhob noj cov nrws uas cog ze rau ntawm txoj kev, qhov chaw industrial thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev quav tshuaj lom cov tshuaj lom.
- Txiav qhov nceb thiab tsis hnov tsw nws: ib qho tsis hnov tsw tsw yog ib qho cim ntawm lub qhov nceb.
- Tsis tas yuav tsum tau noj cov nceb nceb nrog koj mus saib cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv hauv Internet hauv tsev. Cov duab tsis zoo thiab teeb meem tsis zoo yuav tsis cuam tshuam cov xim cam.
- Raws li koj txhais ko taw koj yuav tsum saib kom zoo zoo, tsis yog tsuas yog tsis nco qab lub nceb, tab sis kuj tsis mus stumble, tsis txhob poob, tsis mus rau kauj ruam ntawm tus nab.
- Cov nceb tsis tshua loj hlob ib leeg, yog li saib zoo, yog tias koj pom ib qho, nrhiav ntau ntxiv.
- Nws tsis tuaj yeem sim cov nceb nceeg - qee yam ntawm lawv yog cov tshuaj lom hauv lawv daim tawv nqaij, thiab cov ua tsis siav yuav ua tsis tau.
- Tsis txhob txov cov nceb uas koj yuav tsis noj. Phom lom fungi kuj ua tau qee lub zog nyob hauv lub cheeb tsam.
- Lub fungus tsis txiav tawm hauv av, tab sis yog kom zoo zoo unscrewed thiaj li tsis mus ua puas lub mycelium thiab ua rau nws rotting.
- Rau lamellar nceb, nco ntsoov xyuas qhov qhaj ntawv ntawm "lub hnab" hauv qab thiab ib qho "tiab" hauv qab lub hau.
- Nceb yuav tsum ntxuav, ntxuav thiab siav kom sai li sai tau kom tsis txhob ua rau qub.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov qos yaj ywm uas nyuam qhuav yuav nce tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua rau lom tau. Qhov txaus ntshai kuj yog rotten thiab moldy.
Nws yog qhov nyuaj nrhiav ib tug neeg uas tsis kam noj zaub mov. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab los khaws lawv koj tus kheej, ua ntej koj kawm lub npe zoo.
Yog li, nyob hauv cheeb tsam Saratov koj tuaj yeem sau cov qoob loo loj ntawm cov cua thiab noj qab haus huv, tab sis koj yuav tsum paub qhov twg, thaum twg, thiab cov twg yog qhov koj yuav tsum tau saib. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws kom muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom noj tau los ntawm cov tshuaj lom, vim hais tias lom yuav tuaj yeem kuaj tau thaum nws yuav lig dhau los ua ib yam dab tsi los cawm tau lub neej.
Nws zoo dua uas rov qab los ntawm lub hav zoov uas tsis muaj cov nceb, dua li kev sim siab los ntawm kev noj lwm tus neeg, vim hais tias muaj ntau tus piv txwv thaum paub txog thaum cov neeg tuaj de nceb tau yuam kev.
