Kev paub txog cov neeg ua teb paub hais tias cov nroj tsuag tsiaj cog qoob los ntawm ib lub pob zeb tej zaum yuav tsis muab qhov kev xav tau. Txawm li cas los, tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem muab cog, siv ua khoom. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav saib yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob ib seedling los ntawm ib tug noob koj tus kheej thiab yuav ua li cas tu nws.
Xaiv cov noob
Rau germination, nws yog pom zoo kom tuaj nqa noob ntawm ntau yam uas unpretentious nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev kho mob, tiv taus kab mob thiab hnyav climatic tej yam kev mob. Tsis yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub seedling inherits lawv cov yam ntxwv, tab sis muaj ib lub caij nyoog. 
Cog cov khoom yuav tsum externally tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, los pleev xim rau, tsis chipped, ntom, puv rau qhov kov. Cov pob txha yuav tsum tau noj los ntawm ib lub nceeg, txawm tias zoo nkauj tshaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv ancient Greece, lub kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb huv ntawm Apollo, los ntawm txoj kev, lus Askiv version ntawm lo lus "kua", ua sawv cev ntawm lub hnub vajtswv.
Noob npaj
Noob yuav tsum tau npaj kom txhij, vim hais tias los ntawm lawv tus kheej lawv tsis tom. Kev npaj yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ntau theem.
Ntxuav
Cov khoom yog ntub hauv dej sov thiab ua rau ob peb feeb, ces cov dej tawm ntawm lub nplaum nplaum.
Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ib co hom thaiv kev tiv thaiv - ib qho inhibitor uas tiv thaiv cov noob ntawm untimely germination. 
Tsaus
Qhov thib ob tus txheej txheem tswj ntawm softening lub noob yog soaking. Txog li plaub hnub, cov pob txha tawm hauv dej, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sov. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem hnub ntawm soaking ntxiv kev loj hlob stimulant.
Mus saib cov feem ntau nrov ntawm cov ntoo hauv qab: Bellefle Suav, Veteran, Legend, Triumph, Cowberry, Gala, Florin, Khoom plig rau Gardeners, Anis, Golden Delicious , "Solntsedar", "Jonagold", "Arkadik", "Wonderful", "Jung", "Starkrimson", "Ola" thiab "Idared".
Stratification
Lub xeem theem ntawm noob npaj rau tej yam kev mob ntawm lub caij ntuj no yog stratification. Cov khoom yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub me me, ntim nrog xuab zeb, activated carbon hmoov, zoo moistened. Thawv muab rau ib lub sijhawm txog peb lub hlis rau ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tub yees los yog hauv lub thawv rau zaub.
Yees duab: yuav ua li cas cov noob stratification tshwm sim
Sowing
Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv muab kua (me pebbles), feem ntau haum av rau germination - noj chernozem. Txhua tus pob txha yog tob ib thiab ib nrab centimeters rau hauv av, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yog txog li ob thiab ib nrab centimeters. Moisturize cov av, nws yog zoo dua rau tshuaj tsuag tawm, yog li ntawd raws li tsis mus erode cov av.
Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ob khub ntawm nplooj, seedlings tshawb thiab tshem tawm cov weakest thiab muaj tshwm sim pom ntawm "qus": dhau heev lawm foliage thiab muaj cov thorns.
Yees duab: yuav ua li cas hloov ib lub noob rau hauv av
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, thawj lub caij ntuj no, lub sapling yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nyob rau hauv lub tsev los yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj. Nws yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov txias kom txog rau thaum nws muaj zog.
Cog cog qoob loo
Nyob rau hauv qhib hauv zus zus ntoo yog cog kom txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Tsib Hlis. Rau ib qho chaw mus tas li tuaj tos thaj chaw, qhib rau lub hnub, tab sis kaw rau cov ntawv. Nws tsis pom zoo tso lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov laus neeg. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm av yuav tsum yog yam tsawg ob meters ntawm qhov chaw.
Ib tug zoo rau cog yog npaj rau ob peb lub lis piam nyob rau hauv qhov ntev ntawm 50 x 50 x 70 cm (qhov kawg nqi yog qhov tob). Yog hais tias cov av rau lub site yog hnyav, ib tug zoo txheej ntawm kua muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov. Txhawb nqa tsob ntoo hluas yuav tsum tau muaj kev txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug pas. 
Tom qab, lub vaj teb av tov nrog chiv (peat 20 kg, 200 g ntawm ntoo tshauv, sulfuric poov tshuaj thiab superphosphate) yog poured rau hauv lub qhov, ua ib tug hillock on to top, tsav ib peg npaj rau kev them nyiaj yug.
Thaum lub sij hawm cog, lub sapling yog kis on nws keeb kwm on ib earthen Hill, sprinkled nrog av thiab khi rau ib tug kev txhawb nqa. Qhov no yog raws li ntau tshaj, tsib khoom rau ntawm tsob ntoo, watering.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nco ntsoov, hauv paus ntseg tsho, tom qab lub ntiaj teb watered tau settled, yuav tsum yog saum toj no hauv av saum npoo.
Lub evaporation ntawm noo noo yuav khaws lub mulch nyob rau hauv lub voj voog, thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam nws yuav noj lwm watering.
Kev kho mob
Kev saib xyuas noob seedling yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb mloog, nws yog nyob rau tib txoj cai nrog rau cov laus neeg laus.
Watering
Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, watering yog nqa tawm txhua kaum hnub, pouring txog li peb thoob dej nyob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo. Nyob rau hauv ob xyoo tom qab cog, watering yog txo mus rau peb lub sij hawm, tus nqi ntawm cov dej yog nce mus rau tsib thoob. Cov qub ntoo yog ob los yog peb zaug ntawm ib lub caij, tsom ntsoov rau nag lossis daus. 
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Chiv tau cog thaum cog, yog li koj tsis tas yuav pub ib qho kua ntoo hauv thawj xyoo. Heavy organic teeb meem, xws li dung, yog tsis ntshaw rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag, nws muaj peev xwm hlawv lub keeb kwm. Los tsim ntsuab loj nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo, koj siv tau Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm humus.
Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov potash phosphate chiv yog thov nyob rau hauv me me qhov ntau.
Ntxiv mus, raws li lawv loj hlob, lawv pub li peb los yog plaub zaug rau ib lub caij:
- tom qab lub caij ntuj no rau cov zaub ntsuab (nitric);
- thaum lub sij hawm flowering (potash-phosphorus),
- thaum lub sij hawm fruiting (potash-phosphorus).
Pruning
Tom qab cog, lub hauv paus tua yog shortened los ntawm ob mus rau peb buds mus tsim kho kev loj hlob ntawm lub ib sab ceg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov plaub hau yog nqa tawm raws li xav tau.
Nyeem ntxiv txog qhov Autumn thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav pruning, kuj nyeem yuav ua li cas kom prune qub ntoo ntoo.
Lub cev huv
Cov txheej txheem yuav tshem tawm tag nrho cov qhuav, tawg, puas, lossis khov dej thaum lub caij ntuj no.
Formative
Cov txheej txheem muab cov ntoo ua qhov tseeb, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cev pob txha thiab yog tus yuam sij rau txoj kev vam meej. Ntawm no cov tub ntxhais hluas tua uas sib tw nrog central tua, ceg loj hlob hauv lub crown thiab yog li thickening nws yog muab tshem tawm. 
Rejuvenating
Tshem tawm incorrectly loj hlob, intertwined ceg uas pib mus rau shrink raug txiav ntawm lub pob tw. Lawv thin tawm lub crown thiab tshem tawm cov ceg, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ob peb muaj zog lateral tua. Tshem cov laus, tsis muaj khiav tua rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ceg ntoo. 
Koj puas paub? Lub kwj huam hlob tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb tau cog rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum xyoo 1647, tsob ntoo tseem coj qoob loo.
Kab tsuag thiab kab mob
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib tug cua morsel rau ntau kab, ntxiv rau, lawv muaj peev xwm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm fungal thiab kis kab mob. Zoo hmoo, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg thiab lwm tus neeg, koj tuaj yeem nrog kev nplawm nrog kev pabcuam ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub no thiab cov kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov kab mob
Ntawm cov kab mob ntawm Kua ntoo yog cov nram qab no:
- scab (cuam tshuam yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm tsob ntoo, dub ntom me ntsis tshwm). Lawv sib ntaus nrog kev xoo nrog kev pab ntawm Zircon thiab Spore;
- powdery mildew (cuam tshuam tag nrho tsob ntoo, ua cov nplaum nplaum nplaum rau ntawm nws qhov chaw). Txoj kev ntawm kev tawm tsam - yeeb tshuaj "Kawm", "Topaz";
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo lwj (txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib rot thiab crumble). Cov yeeb tshuaj "Hom" copes nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo qoob;
- feem ntau cov kua crab (cov kab nrib pleb thiab cov kab txaij, xau, ntoo tsau). Thaum ntaus mob cancer, tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom puas los ntawm fungus, thiab kho qhov seem nrog nrog tooj liab sulphate.
Txhua tus gardener xav muab nws tus kheej nrog rau cov txiv apples cua tshuab rau xyoo tom ntej, uas yog vim li cas tu ib tsob ntoo kua hauv nws lub neej tseem ceeb heev. Kawm: yuav ua li cas ua kua ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, dua li tsuag tsuag kua ntoo los ntawm kab tsuag, zoo li yuav ua li cas nkaum ib tsob ntoo kua rau lub caij ntuj no los ntawm te thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm hares.
Kev tiv thaiv yog:
- ua kom huv huv lub log;
- sim dej tsis muaj dej ntau dhau;
- tsis khom lub thickening ntawm crown;
- kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm kab tsuag vectors;
- tiv thaiv txau nrog kev npaj tooj liab thiab fungicides.
Kab tsuag
Ntawm feem ntau cov kua pests, cov nram qab no yog qhov tseem txaus ntshai:
- aphid (haus hmoov los ntawm huab cua);
- moth caterpillar (puas tsuaj foliage thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tua, ovaries);
- kua moth (txav lub raum);
- leafworm (tua buds thiab ovaries ntawm buds).
Peb xav hais tias koj nyeem dab tsi aphid yog txaus ntshai rau cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab ua li cas yog tias nws tshwm rau ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua, thiab yuav ua li cas nrog cov nplooj leafworm.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, raws li ib tug tiv thaiv kev ntsuas rau aphids, lub kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog kho nrog 3% malathion ua ntej blooming buds. Txawm li cas los, Phosphomid yuav pab muab cov nyuj. Tshuaj txau ntawm chlorophos los yog kev pabcuam los ntawm npauj.
Nws yog ua tau kom tshem ntawm qhov ua rau lub raum lub npauj thiab leaflet los ntawm kev txau: ua ntej lub buds yog yaj nrog ib tug daws ntawm nitrafen 3%, thaum lub buds yog yaj - nrog ib tug ntawm solone 2%. 
Yuav qhia txog: nws muaj peev xwm cog ntoo ntawm lub pob zeb, koj tsuas yog ua raws li cov cai. Los ntawm ntxiv kev kho mob ntawm germinated seedlings yuav nyob ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab fruiting. Cov lus ceeb toom thiab kev saib xyuas sai sai no yuav txi cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lo lus ntawm qhov tseeb.
Cov tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg siv network
