Tej zaum muaj ob peb cov neeg uas tsis tseem ceeb rau cov txiv hmab.
Nws qhov tsos, muag heev saj thiab zoo aroma yuav tsis pab tab sis ntxias.
Tab sis ntawm ntau yam ntawm grape ntau yam, lub Valek ntau yam occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw.
Peb yuav qhia txog nws.
Ib me ntsis keeb kwm
"Valek" twb bred los ntawm ib tug Ukrainian cawu cub grower, ib tug neeg nyob hauv thaj av ntawm Kirovograd cheeb tsam, pib xyaum ua breeder, Nikolai Pavlovich Vishnevetsky. Nws hla peb grape ntau yam - Kesh, Zvezdny thiab Rizamat. 
Vim li no, ib tug tshiab ntau yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nws cov yam ntxwv, sawv, uas tau sai sai tau qhov chaw thiab ua rau ntau tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Ukraine, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Russia.
Kev txheeb raws roj ntsha
Qhov no muaj ntau yam ntxwv ntawm tus cwj pwm uas nws muaj peev xwm los qhia qhov txawv ntawm "Valek" los ntawm ntau ntau yam.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog cultivation ntawm xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau xws li "Malbec", "Furor", "Zilga", "Kishmish radiant", "Romeo", "Alpha", "Zest", "Rusbol", "Long-awaited", "Red" , "Valiant".
Bushes thiab tua
Lub bushes yog ib qho loj hlob ntawm lub zog loj thiab zoo ripening ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tua raws tag nrho ntev; los ntawm ib mus rau peb pawg ua rau txhua tua. Lub vines yog saj zawg zog thiab muaj zog.
Paj bisexual, tsis yog yuav tsum Bee pollinating. Cov nplooj yog medium me me, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntsuab, nrog ib tug me pubescence hauv qab no. 
Pawg thiab berries
Txhuam - loj loj, muaj ib lub qauv ntom. Luj ntawm ib thiab ib nrab mus rau ob kilograms.
Lub grapes yog ci daj, loj, oval, 2.5 mus rau 3 centimeters ntev thiab 1.5 mus rau 2 centimeters thoob plaws. Grape hnyav 13-15 g, tuaj yeem pom, thiab 25-30 g. Cov rwj yog tuab, tab sis nyias, thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj kev xav thaum chewing. Cov nqaij yog mos, fleshy thiab muaj kua, lub suab thaj ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog 17-18%.
Tag nrho ripeness ntawm berries los nrog cov tsos ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug Hawj Golden. Lub saj yog qab zib qab zib, nrog ib tug noticeable nyuam qhuav tom qab ntawm nutmeg thiab pear.
Koj puas paub? Zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm grapes hu lub ancient Greeks: tshaj 2000 xyoo ua ntej peb era, lawv coj tshiab ntau yam, inoculated thiab siv chiv.
Specifications Qib kawm
Ua ke nrog saj, qhov no muaj ntau yam kuj yog kev nco rau nws txoj kev paub ntau yam.
Mob khaub thuas hardiness thiab kab mob tsis kam
Nqa daig no mus txog 24 degrees hauv qab xoom. Qhov ntau yam tsis heev susceptible grey rot (muaj ntau heev ntawm cov kab mob) thiab Autumn fungal kab mob, nws tsis yog ntshai ntawm downy powdery mildew thiab powdery mildew.
Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, nws yog nyob rau ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm wasps uas nyiam no grape ntau yam li ib cov zaub mov.
Ripening thiab Yield
Qhov no ntau yam rau luag mus rau thaum ntxov maturing, tab sis high-yielding ntau yam. On thib ob los yog thib peb lub caij tom qab cog yuav muab thawj sau. 
"Valek" ripens hnub ntawm 105 txij thaum pib ntawm lub caij cog qoob. Nyob rau hauv nws historic homeland, sau lub caij pib nyob rau hauv ob ib nrab ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj, 35-40 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog harvested los ntawm ib Bush.
Kev thauj khoom thiab kev cia khoom
Tsheb thauj mus los yog qhov zoo. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias cuttings yog tag nrho thiab noj qab haus huv saib.
Daim ntawv thov
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm "Valek" berries yog tshiab tau noj, tab sis cawu cub ntawm no grape kuj zoo heev. Zoo jam los ntawm no grape, thiab compote yuav tsis tawm koj tsis paub.
Kawm yuav ua li cas kom jam los ntawm cov txiv hmab, thiab zoo li yuav ua rau raisins, cawu cub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab champagne los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv high-zoo thiab noj qab haus huv seedlings thaum yuav
Yog tsis muaj ib tug zoo seedling thiab sau yuav tsis zoo. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov chaw ntawm yuav ib lub sapling tsis ua si ib tug decisive lub luag hauj lwm, tab sis tseem nws yog zoo dua mus yuav nws nyob rau hauv ib lub khw los yog los ntawm ib tug neeg nyob ze nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws cuab ntxhiab los yog ib lub tsev me.
Koj puas paub? Rau cov khoom ntawm ib lub raj mis ntawm wine koj xav tau 600 grapes.Lub khw yuav muab tsawg kawg yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus guarantee ntawm zoo, thiab cov neeg sab nraud saplings tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov av uas zoo sib xws.
Tab sis yuav hais tias raws li nws yuav, thaum xaiv ib seedling tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau them rau nws zoo li.
Tsawg:
- tshwj rau tus kheej nrog lawv tus kheej, thiab tsis grafted keeb kwm;
- tsis muaj suab thaj ntawm kev ziab;
- tsis muaj fungal me ntsis;
- lub xub ntiag ntawm ob los yog peb keeb kwm.
Kawm yuav ua li cas npaj cuttings nyob rau hauv Autumn, yuav ua li cas npaj thiab khaws cuttings ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, yuav ua li cas cog cuttings ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv Autumn.Sapling:
- loj hlob tua qhov siab ntawm 40-50 cm;
- cov hauv paus hniav yuav tsum dawb;
- lub to top txiav yog ntsuab.
Yog hais tias lub yub nrog rau saum toj no yog lawv xav tshuaj, koj tuaj yeem coj nws. 
Qhov twg cog rau ntawm qhov chaw
Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw tsaws chaw, yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
- Qhov chaw yuav tsum qhib thiab zoo lit.
- Tshem tawm shading los ntawm lwm yam nroj tsuag - ob qho tib si twb loj hlob thiab cov uas yuav cog tom ntej.
- Qhov chaw no yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm ib qho toj siab, nyob rau sab qab teb los yog sab qab teb sab hnub poob.
- Sib sib zog nqus tshwm sim ntawm av.
- Cov av yuav tsum yog lub teeb, zoo permeable mus tshaj noo noo.
- Lub tsev kawm ntawv raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cua (tej qhov teeb meem ntawm vaj tse, vaj tse, laj kab).
- Chaw tsim nyog rau kev teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev loj hlob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov feem ntau dej siab av rau ntau yam "Ntse" - qaug zog loam muaj qee dub dub.
Tsaws cov cai thiab secrets
Cog grapes yuav ua tau ib tug ntev heev txheej txheem, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis Ntuj mus rau thaum pib ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis - txhua yam txiav txim siab ntawm txoj kev ntawm cog.
Cog pw tsaug zog seedlings los yog grafting cuttings yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum loj hlob seedlings nrog ntsuab tua thiab nplooj raug pom zoo yuav tsum cog nyob rau hauv lig caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum lub cua sov tau twb tswm.
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, cog nta muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias nws yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub nroj tsuag mus rau hauv ib lub xeev calm thiab nco ntsoov ua ntej lub caij ntuj no Frost, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj.
Cov kws kho mob muab cov lus qhia nram qab no:
- nruab nrab ntawm lub bushes ntawm grapes ntawm tib yam kab - kwv yees li 3 m;
- nruab nrab ntawm cov kab ntawm vines - txog 4 m;
- cog cuttings - kom txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov kev npaj ntawm lub qhov taub. Nws yuav tsum yog qhov tob ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj 0.8 m thiab qhov dav dav. Hauv qab ntawm qhov aub tsiv rau ntawm peb sau nrog gravel los yog molub, qib. Tom qab ntawd, qhov muab tshem tawm topsoil yog pw nyob rau hauv lub npaj aub tsiv, ces ob los yog peb compost thoob yog pw.
Nws tsis raug mob ntxiv ntxiv pob zeb hauv av chiv, superphosphate (2 tbsp. Spoons) thiab shovels tshauv. Thiab tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau sab laug ob lossis peb lub lis piam.
Kawm yuav ua li cas cog koj tus kheej txiv hmab, yuav ua li cas cog grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Nyob rau ntawm lub sijhawm, lub yub, cov txivneej, thiab cov laus hauv cov dej ua rau cov dej uas siab tshaj plaws, nrog qis qis (lub caj dab nws tsis yog faus) thiab ua tib zoo nchuav nrog av, tib lub sijhawm cog lus hauv av.
Nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias txoj cai nyob ze ntawm lub keeb kwm tsis muaj qhov chaw khoob nrog cua tshuav - nkawd lawv yuav sai sai qhuav tawm.
Tom qab cog, ncuav lub seedling nrog ob los yog peb thoob dej, khi rau kev them nyiaj yug, thiab mulch cov av. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cog ntau yam ntawm grapes ze tsis pom zoo - cov nroj tsuag yuav pereopily thiab mutually poob lawv cov qualities.
Lub caij ntu saib xyuas
Rau cov sau yuav nplua nuj thiab cua, thiab kev saib xyuas yuav tsum yog ntawm high quality. Nyob rau hauv tus, qhov kev saib xyuas ntawm ntau yam "Valek" yog yuav luag tsis txawv los ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam, tab sis muaj ib co peculiarities.
Watering
Ntshav av noo noo yog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob zoo grape. Nws yuav tsum tau watered ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sij hawm ib lub caij, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua - koj muaj peev xwm txawm ib zaug. Nco ntsoov dej ua ntej flowering thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm grapes.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis ntub cov nplooj thiab tua - vaum favors lub luam ntawm fungal spores. Nyob rau hauv txhua lub Bush koj yuav tsum tau ncuav ib los yog ob lub thoob dej. Thiab ib qho ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau ua - yuav tsum ua kom tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau. 
Prop
Yuav tsum tau siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau curl. Los xyuas kom zoo qhov cua thiab qhov yoojyim rau yav tom ntej thiab kev sau cov txiv hmab, cov kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum muab nruab rau hauv ib kab ntawm 80 cm -1 m, thiab nruab nrab ntawm kab tsawg kawg ib metre.
Kev tu xyuas av
Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li qee txoj cai ntawm kev ua vaj tse engineering:
- Li niaj zaus weeding ntawm kab thiab ib ncig ntawm grape bushes. Weeds tshem tawm noo noo thiab tseem ceeb tshuaj los ntawm grapes. Weeding yog ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tom qab lub tebchaws dries thiab yeej ib txwm ua ntej Bud tawg. Cov av yog npaj txhij rau hias yog tias nws tsis lo rau lub spade.
- Loos cov av tag nrho thoob plaws hauv lub cuab ntxhiab qhov chaw uas lub grapes yog cog. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov av yuav tsum tau loosened shallowly - los ntawm 15 centimeters, tsis ntau, nws yuav pab tau kom khaws lub ya raws uas tau sau tshaj lub caij ntuj no. Dhau lub caij ntuj sov, loosening yuav tsum nqa tawm mus rau xya zaus. Qhov no txhawb rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub crust tsim, vim tias cov av ntawm lub site yuav qhuav tawm. Autumn khawb yog nqa tawm sai sai tom qab sau. Nws lub hom phiaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov av lub loj tshaj plaws tau khoom ntawm noo noo thiab kev muab kev pab cuam. Lub ntiaj teb yog khawb av nrog ib tug qhov chaw sib tw, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kab ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tawg, tab sis tshuav kom txog caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Qhov no yog ua kom qeeb thiab muaj nag lossis daus. Tsis tas li ntawd rau lub hom phiaj no nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Bush ua ib qhov nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm txog 35 cm thiab ib tug tob ntawm 15 cm.
- Mulching Los yog npog hauv av nrog Moss, straw los yog sawdust yog ua tam sim tom qab watering. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog los ua kom cov dej noo ntau dua.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv Russia, thawj vineyard tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17 hauv Astrakhan, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog ib tug loj qhov chaw ntawm tub lag luam.
Ntxig thiab txhaws
Lub hom phiaj ntawm pinching yog txo cov kev loj hlob ntawm grape bushes. Yog hais tias qhov no yog tsis ua tiav, ces cov txiv hmab yuav loj hlob tsis sib haum xeeb. Pinching yog ua li cas ua ntej flowering - qhov no yuav muab zoo dua rau cov as-ham rau inflorescences.
Pinching grapes: video
Tab sis lub hom phiaj ntawm pruning tua thiab vines ntawm grapes, nyob rau hauv Ntxiv rau limiting lawv kev loj hlob, yog los txhim kho qhov cua ntawm lub grape Bush. Txiav cov loj tshaj plaws nplooj npog pawg ntawm lub hnub. Nws raug pom zoo los ua pruning rau thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog caij nplooj zeeg.
Kawm yuav ua li cas kom zoo txiv hmab hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub caij ntuj sov.
Tab sis nco ntsoov hais tias tag nrho cov nplooj yuav tsum tsis txhob raug muab tshem tawm, txaus kom txiav los ntawm peb mus rau tsib ntawm lub loj tshaj plaws.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Nws yuav tsum tau tsim tawm tom qab qhov kawg ntawm tus sau, thaum txhua tus txhuam twb tau raug tshem tawm. Lub trench yog dug 40-60 cm nyob rau hauv qhov tob raws li lub vineyard thiab ces tseem ceeb formulations yog muab tso rau hauv nws.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, rau txoj kev loj hlob, ntsuab loj yog pub nrog pob zeb hauv av nitrogen chiv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov - granulated nitrogen thiab phosphate chiv kom accelerate lub ripening ntawm berries.
Txhua txhua ob lub xyoos nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg lawv fertilized nrog organic teeb meem ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 sq. M. m grapes 10 kg ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab 100 g ntawm kiag li dawb huv ntoo tshauv. 
Mob khaub thuas tiv thaiv
"Valek" yog susceptible txias thiab txias. On lub yim hli ntuj ntawm qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias, nws yuav tsum tau them. Kev paub gardeners ua li no txoj kev: lub vines raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov kev txhawb zog thiab ntsiag to pw rau hauv av; Tom qab ntawd cov hlau arcs raug muab tso rau saum lawv thiab lawv ncab polyethylene zaj duab xis.
Yog hais tias xws li tiv thaiv yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ua - tsuas yog hmoov nrog lub ntiaj teb. Tom qab tawm ntawm qhov txias vines qhia.
Ceev faj zov thiab saib xyuas tus cwj pwm rau cov txiv hmab "Valek" yuav muaj tseeb los ua ib qho zoo sau ntawm qab qab zib berries nrog ib tug txawv txawv thiab muag heev saj thiab tsis hnov tsw.
Cov tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg siv network
