Pear - ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam suburban. Feem ntau gardeners yog ntsib nrog ib tug Sudden blackening, twisting nws foliage, uas leads mus rau kev tuag ntawm tsob ntoo. Vim yog yam kab mob thiab lwm yam dab tsi tshwm sim, peb yuav to taub qhov no.
Kab mob hlawv
Tus kab mob hlawv roj yog qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai heev thiab mob ntawm pear. Qhov teeb meem yog hais tias tus kab mob no tsis nres ntawm ib qho kev lom, infecting tag nrho cov ib puag ncig nroj tsuag.
Ua rau thiab pom cov kab mob
Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob kis tau yog enterobacteria pawg (xws li kab mob salmonella). Qhov cuam tshuam cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov nroj tsuag, raws li tus kab mob loj zuj zus, secrete ib yam yellowish tshuaj, uas muaj ib tug tag nrho kev sib tw ntawm teeb meem microorganisms. 
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lawv kis tau rau cov ntoo zoo noj yog:
- kab tsuag (pollinating thiab parasites) thiab cov noog tsiv ntawm tsob ntoo, kab thiab noog ntawm lawv ob txhais ceg thiab tis nqa microbes;
- nquag rains, fogs - nws pom tau tias huab cua ntub yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev luam thiab kis kab mob;
- av noo nrog nitrogen thiab organic teeb meem.
Kawm ntxiv txog cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob swb:
- cov nplaim paj ntawm cov pos hniav yuav ploj thiab ya, tus pedicel hloov nws cov xim ua ntej yuav ci ntsuab, thiab tom qab ntawd ces mus rau xim ntawm lub teeb amber;
- raws li lub raum tshwm sim, lawv tsis poob tawm, tab sis darken thiab poob lawv cov nuj nqi;
- nplooj tsis txhob ya ncig, tab sis blacken nrog tag nrho rosettes;
- qhov cuam tshuam cov ceg ntoo kuj tau tsaus xim;
- tob tob los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov tawv ntoo, tus kab mob kis tau rau hauv pob tw, cov tawv ntoo tawm tuaj, rov qab xim av hauv cov xim thiab cov ntaub ntawv tuag zones. Nrog xws li ib tug necrosis, qhov paug ntawm ib tug kua nplaum kua dej yog pom.
Koj puas paub? Cov mariners ntawm ancient Greece tiv thaiv nrog kev pab los ntawm pear los ntawm xeev siab thiab kev mob kev nkeeg.
Yuav ua li cas
Nws yog ib qho yooj yim dua kom tsis txhob kho kom zoo, yog li ua ntej peb yuav tham txog kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov hlawv. Yog li ntawd txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov thiab xav txog cov hauv qab no:
- tshuaj yaug (cov nroj tsuag yuav kis tau);
- rau txhua tus cog thiab cov txheej txheem nyob hauv lub vaj, nws yog ib qho yuav tsum siv tsuas huv, khoom tshwj xeeb rau lub vaj;
- qus cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas nyob ze ntawm lub voj voog yuav tsum tau uprooted;
- Txhob tsis quav ntsej li niaj zaus kev kho vaj tsev nrog tshuaj tua kab.
Cov kev ntsuas los mus tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm:
- streptomycin;
- tetracycline;
- "Fitosporin";
- ofloxacin.
Cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau siv ncaj qha raws li cov lus qhia, koj yuav tsum tsuag tshuaj tag nrho cov cheeb tsam: inflorescences, nplooj, tua thiab qia ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Txau cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cloudy, windless huab cua.
Ib qho kev kho zoo kuj yog ib qho kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate nrog txiv qaub. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau rau ntawm no tias qhov ntau dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kub hnyiab ntawm cov ntoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias, kev kho mob nrog tshuaj tsis ua rau ib tug zoo hloov, tus tsob ntoo uas raug mob yuav tsum tau uprooted thiab muab pov tseg ntawm. Seev siv rau qhov no yog sterilized nrog formalin los yog carbolic acid.
Yees duab: kev kho mob ntawm ib tug kab mob hlawv ntawm ib tug pear
Pear scab
Scab - ib tug kab mob kis, lub causative cov neeg ua hauj lawm ntawm uas yuav siv lub caij ntuj no nyob rau raug mob tua, poob nplooj. Qhov kis ntawm tus kab mob no nyob ntawm cov huab cua.
Koj puas paub? Cov Suav yog cov ntseeg tseeb tias cov phooj ywg los yog cov neeg nyiam ua tsis tau ib qho pear, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau muaj kev sib cav thiab sib cais.
Vim li cas thiab li cas tshwm sim
Qhov ua rau tus kab mob no yog cov hu ua fungi uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txias. Nws yog noteworthy tias fungus muaj peev xwm tshwm nyob rau hauv qhuav, kub huab cua nyob rau hauv muaj ntau tshaj lwg.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob qhia tau tias tsaus me ntsis nrog fluffy Bloomzoo li mildew stains. Raws li tus kab mob vam meej, cov ntoo nplooj yuav dub, cov ntaub so ntswg puas lawm, uas ua rau poob nplooj. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, scab cuam tshuam cov ceg, npog lawv nrog ib tug maub, xim av ntxoov ntxoo nrog ib crust. Yog tias tsis muaj kev kho mob txaus, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev mob npog dub. 
Yuav kho li cas
Ntawm cov tsos mob thawj zaug, kev kho tau zoo yog txau ib lub kua Bordeaux. Vim yog lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm kev siv tshuaj (14 hnub), kev kho yog nqa tawm mus txog xya zaus rau ib lub caij. Thawj tus txheej txheem yog nqa tawm ua ntej pib tawg paj.
Kawm kom tau kev tshem ntawm scab ntawm ib tug pear.
Npaj ntawm kev ua tes hauj lwm:
- "Horus";
- "Strobe";
- "Tsuag tsuag ma."
Qhov ntev ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm 20 mus rau 35 hnub, kev kho mob yog nqa tawm ob zaug rau ib lub caij, cov tshuaj tsis ntxuav los ntawm los nag.
Yees duab: kev ntawm pears thiab apples los ntawm scab fungicidal npaj
Nrog rau kev kho mob nrog tshuaj, foliar dressing yog ua los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov fertilizer:
- ammonium nitrate (10% concentration);
- ammonium sulfate (10%);
- poov tshuaj chloride (ntawm 3 mus rau 10% concentration);
- poov tshuaj sulfate (3-10%);
- poov tshuaj nitrate (5-15%);
- poov tshuaj ntsev (5-10%).
Kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas:
- raws sij hawm pruning (tuab crown - ib qho zoo tagnrho rau fungi);
- cleansing ntawm tsob ntoo nyob ze ntawm lub foliage thiab weeds;
- thaum lub sij hawm zuj zus rau lub caij nws pom zoo kom khaws ze-qia lub voj voog hauv qab dub;
- thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lawv nqa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog "Agat" npaj los yog ib tus neeg saib xyuas zoo ib yam.
Nyeem kuj hais txog kev kho mob ntawm pear los ntawm xeb.
Tsis muaj ntsiab thiab blackening ntawm nplooj
Cov pear nplooj npog nplooj yuav ua tau rau ib qho kev tsis haum ntawm ib cov zaub mov tsis muaj. 
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag mus rau tsis muaj ntsiab
Xav txog ntau ntxiv:
- poov tshuaj. Cov npoo ntawm cov nplooj ntoos pib qhuav, sib sau ua ib hom xim ntsuab-xim dawb, cov phaj nws tus kheej hloov, hloov cov duab. Lub cim zoo tsis muaj cov ntxhiab nyob hauv qis dua, cov laus zog;
- hlau. Kev loj hlob ntawm foliage slows down, chlorosis yog cai, thiab tsis tsuas yog nplooj, tab sis kuj lub tswv yim ntawm tua qhuav tawm. Cov tsob ntoo pib poob qoob mus, qhov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo, nws zoo zuj zus. Feem ntau cuam tshuam cov tub ntxhais hluas tua ntawm xyoo tam sim no;
- zinc. Qhov tsis muaj pob zeb ua rau qhuav thiab tsaus nti ntawm nplooj ntoo. Thaum lub sij hawm fruiting lub sij hawm, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntiav, nws cov tawv nqaij hloov nws cov qauv, ua cover nrog cheeb tsam ntom thiab tsaus me ntsis. Foliage thiab ceg ntoo yog deformed;
- calcium. Foliage nrog ib tug tsis muaj calcium yog nquag burns, them nrog tsaus me ntsis, curls. Lub saj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo worsens, nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij lub pulp yog cuam tshuam los ntawm spotting, lub txee lub neej ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo decreases;
- phosphorus. Daim ntawv phaj hloov, zoo rau hauv ntev, tsaus ntuj. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua tawm nres nres, deformed. Lub foliage ntawm lub qub tua yoov;
- tooj liab. Qhov tsis muaj ntawm no keeb nyob rau hauv cov av yog tsis tshua muaj tsawg, tsuas yog nyob rau peat xau, tsawg dua - on Sandy thiab sod xau. Muaj ib qho tsis muaj darkening thiab twisting ntawm nplooj, qhov ziab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tua thiab treetops.
Pear nplooj ntoos Pests
Blackening thiab shrinking ntawm foliage yuav ua los ntawm parasitic kab. Pests thiab lawv cov me nyuam yug rau tsob nroj kua txob thiab ntaub so ntswg.
Medianitsa
Qhia qhov txawv peb hom kab: pom, liab thiab daj coppers. Feem ntau cov neeg laus feem ntau lub caij ntuj no rau ntawm tsob ntoo, yug me nyuam nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Kab ua lays qe nyob rau hauv lub bark ntawm tua, thiab tom qab - nyob rau hauv o buds thiab foliage. 
Thawj txoj kev ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog nqa tawm hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum ntxov, thaum lub sij hawm nruab hnub qhov ntsuas kub yog siab tshaj xoom, tas hnub ntawm hnub ci tsis tshua muaj hnub nyoog. Siv cov yeeb tshuaj no:
- Aktara;
- "Sherpa";
- "Fastak".
Thawj txoj kev rhuav tshem cov neeg laus cov kab, cov tom qab sawv daws ua tiav ua ntej thiab tam sim ntawd tom qab flowering tua lub larvae. Thaum re-spraying thov, piv txwv li, "Dimilin".
Kawm yuav ua li cas nrog rau pests ntawm pears: leafworm, gall mite.
Pear gall mite
Lub arachnid kab hibernates nyob rau hauv bark, thiab nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub maum nteg qe nyob rau hauv ob lub raum. Ob tus neeg laus thiab lawv cov xeeb ntxwv pub rau ntawm lub cev ntawm cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo. Cov kab tsuag tuaj yeem txov tau tag nrho lub vaj, raws li nws tsis txuag lwm yam nroj tsuag, thiab nws kis tau yog pab los ntawm cua thiab kab pollinators, noog. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau qhov loj ntawm lub cab dej - mus txog 3 hli nyob ntev. 
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kho acaricidal siv yeeb siv tshuaj, vim insecticides yog tsis pab tiv thaiv cov cab. Thov cov yeeb tshuaj no:
- "Decis" (2%) lossis "Inta-Vir" ua ntej pib ncaim tawg;
- Keltan (20%) los sis Karbophos (10%) nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm cov kab tsim;
- colloidal sulfur los yog "Fufanon" (0.1%) tom qab flowering.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov tshuaj yog npaj raws li cov lus qhia rau kev npaj, yog tias tsim nyog, txau rov qab ntawm cov sij hawm ntawm kaum hnub.
Aphid
Tus kab mob microscopic no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsiaj nyeg, populating tsob ntoo nrog tag nrho cov zos. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kab tua dominance yog los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias los ntawm haus kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws tawm cov quav mus cuam tshuam cov ntoo fungi. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov poj niam ua rau cov poj niam tuaj yeem mus rau lwm cov ntoo, ua rau lawv dhau. Cov feem ntau hom yog ntsuab, xim av thiab liab aphids. 
Koj tuaj yeem sib ntaus nrog aphids los ntawm pej xeem txoj kev:
- Celandine Txoj kev lis ntshav: 3-4 kg ntawm tshiab los yog 1 kg ntawm qhuav raw cov ntaub ntawv uas poured tshaj nrog 1 thoob dej, them nrog ib lub hau thiab infused nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sov so rau 36 xuab moos;
- Dandelion Txoj kev lis ntshav: 400 grams ntawm keeb kwm (los yog 600 grams nplooj) infused rau 3 xuab moos nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej;
- Dos Txoj kev lis ntshav: 200 grams dos chais yog ncuav nrog 10 liv dej thiab infused rau 12-15 teev;
- Xab npum tshuaj ntxuav tes: 300 grams ntawm xab npum ntxuav tes rau tib lub 10 liters dej.
Yees duab: kev ua cov ntoo txiv ntoo los ntawm aphid nrog kua ammonia
Tshuaj:
- "Kinmiks" - nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav;
- "Agravertine" - nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm o ntawm ob lub raum;
- "Phom" - tom qab flowering.
Kev kho mob yuam kev
Lub ntsiab yuam kev novice gardeners - high humidity. Thaum lub crone yog tuab heev, lub hnub lub rays tsis tob tob mus rau hauv. Hnyav ntxiv tom qab nag lossis daus yog ib qho chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev luam ntawm cov hu ua fungi thiab lwm yam kab mob, tus duab ntxoov ntxoo yog zoo rau zos ntawm kab tsuag. Yog li no, cov ntoo hauv qhov sib txig yog ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tswj kev noj qab haus huv.
Watering yog yeej tsim nyog, tab sis ib qho kev tshaj ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av provokes lub proliferation ntawm microorganisms, attracts kab, ua rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm rotting ntawm hauv paus system. Dej tsuas yog thaum xav tau thiab faib dej npaum li cas. Ib qho tseem ceeb tseem ceeb yog ua si los ntawm kev xoob, ua kom cov av muaj oxygen.
Paub tseeb koj yuav tsum tau ntoo lub voj voog thiab lub cheeb tsam puag ncig ntawm cov nrojUa ntej, lawv loj hlob tuaj, rov tsim cov av qis; ob, ib feem ntawm cov muab kev pab cuam tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm ib tug pear, weakening nws kev tiv thaiv. 
Ua ntej wintering yuav tsum ua tib zoo ntxuav qhov cheeb tsam ntawm nplooj poob thiab me me twigs. Recurrent nplooj - ib qho chaw ntawm fungi thiab wintering parasites.
Pear kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob: gardeners kev
Kab mob thiab kab yog ib qho tsis txaus siab feem ntawm pear cultivation. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm npaum li cas ntsuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab attentive kev kho mob ntawm plantings, yuav ntev lub fruiting thiab lub neej ntawm tsob ntoo.
