Ntau tus xav txog kev tsim kom muaj lub me dej kom zoo nkauj rau lawv tus kheej. Nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tsim nyog noj cov kev kho dej thiab rov qab roj teeb, nrog rau kev txo kev ntxhov siab.
Tab sis nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom, feem ntau yog ntsib teeb meem loj. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov no yog xaiv cov khoom zoo rau lub tsev.
Yuav kom pab koj paub, peb yuav saib qhov teeb meem no kom meej, thiab txiav txim seb qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau txoj kev tsim kho rau kev tsim da dej.
Cov kev txwv rau lub teb chaws da dej
Kev kho ntawm da dej, nrog rau lwm cov qauv, muab rau kev siv ntawm cov qauv vaj tse thiab tsim cov cai. Txawm li cas los xij, peb cov ntaub ntawv nyuab nyuab heev los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev tsim kho ntawm txoj cai dav dav hluav taws kev nyab xeeb.
Koj puas paub? Da dej nrog nws cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau xyoo 6th BC. e. Thaum lub sij hawm no nyob hauv ancient Tim lyiv teb chaws, cov chav txua tshwj xeeb muaj nyob rau txhua qhov chaw, puas siv tau rau tag nrho cov ntu ntawm cov pejxeem.
Yog li, thiaj li yuav kho tau tus da dej ntawm lub dacha kom raug, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
- Ua raws li cov qauv kev cai vaj tse: Qhov chaw vam meej tshaj plaws rau tus da dej yog qhov chaw nyob deb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam hauv qhov chaw hauv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov caij nyoog niaj hnub ua kom tiav tsis tiav vaj tse nyob ze ntawm da dej yuav tsis yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, xws li ib lub qauv yuav tsum nyob ntawm ib qho deb ntawm tsis pub tsawg tshaj 8 meters los ntawm lub tsev nyob, tsis pub ze tshaj 8 meters rau qhov chaw nyob ze thiab tsis pub tsawg tshaj 12 meters ntawm qhov dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw tsim kho yuav tsum raug sib raug zoo nrog rau tag nrho lub tsev kawm ntawv, txij li ntawm qhov nce qhov da dej yuav rov xyuas dua, thiab nyob rau hauv lowlands txhua xyoo raug kev txom nyem los ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej nyab.
- Ua raws li cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv: lub tsev yuav tsum muaj qhov cua thiab nruab nrog lub cev tso dej. Lwm yam, nws yuav ua rau stagnation ntawm huab cua thiab noo noo, thiab nrog no - qhov kev loj hlob ntawm fungus thiab lwm yam pathogens.
- Ua raws li cov qauv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws: tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov qauv uas yuav raug tshav kub yuav tsum yog cov khoom uas tsis yog-combustible. Ib feem ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv uas lub cua sov rauv cua yog nruab nrog yuav tsum tau ntxiv thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm insulating cov ntaub ntawv uas tiv thaiv cov ignition ntawm tus qauv.
- Ib puag ncig zoo nkauj khoom siv: Da dej - ib qho chaw uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias, yog li cov khoom siv rau nws txoj kev tsim yuav tsum ua kom ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom tsis muaj taug, tsis tau ntxiv cov khoom sib txuas hluavtaws.
Yees duab: hluav taws yuav tsum rau lub dab da dej
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias qhov sib thooj rau ntawm qhov chaw sib ze tsis tso cai rau da dej, qhov kev tsim kho rau nws tuaj yeem txo kom txog 1 meter, tiam sis qhov no yuav tsum tau pom zoo nrog cov neeg zej zog, thiab lawv qhov kev tso cai yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm cov kws lij choj.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus ntoo da dej
Qhov feem ntau da dej yog tsim ntawm ntoo. Ntoo yog yooj yim heev ua hauj lwm nrog, yog li koj muaj peev xwm tsim yuav luag txhua feem ntawm tus qauv, ob qho tib si kev coj tus kheej, thiab cladding.
Cov qauv zoo li no yog qhov dag zog, thiab lawv cov ntsws rau hauv av khiav tusyees, tsis muaj tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsob ntoo tseem tiv taus ya raws thiab kub hloov, thiab kuj muaj kev thermal insulation zoo, uas ua rau cov ntaub ntawv no yuav luag zoo meej.
Peb tawm tswv yim rau koj nyeem txog kev tsim thiab npaj ib da dej.
Txawm li cas los, nws muaj ntau ntau minuses, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog:
- tawg taus;
- Cov ntxhuav ntoo yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb yog ua raws li cov qauv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws;
- shrinkage ntev ntev thiab tej zaum yuav ntau tshaj 10 cm;
- ib lub pas dej da dej tsawg kawg 2 xyoos yuav tsum tau qhuav kom huv si;
- Tom qab ziab khaub ncaws, cov ntoo yuav tsum haus tas li.
Koj puas paub? Finland - tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm cov chav hauv chav ua noj ib zaug. Hauv ib lub teb chaws uas muaj li ntawm 5 lab ntawm lawv, muaj ntau tshaj 2 lab ntawm lawv.
Pine ntoo
Pine yog cov ntoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho, vim li ntawd nws tsis yog ib qho txawv heev uas da dej feem ntau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no. 
Pine muaj ntau yam zoo:
- tsob ntoo hlob nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua yam kev mob, yog li nws yog ib qho ntawm cov pheej yig tshaj thiab feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv;
- Pine muaj ib tug thiab txawm lub cev, uas tswj nws cov ua;
- no ntoo yog lub teeb tab sis muaj zog, tsis tshua muaj kab nrib pleb, kom zoo li no cov txhim khu kev ntseeg thiab muab lub me ntsis ntsws;
- Pine muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm aromatic resins, yog li dej cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv xws li da yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv tib neeg.
Peb pom zoo nyeem txog cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi rau laj kab, thiab seb yuav ua li cas yuav ua kom laj kab ntawm cov vuas, cov cib, cov kab xaum, cov hlua txuas txuas thiab qhov laj kab ntoo rau lub vaj.
Pine muaj ob peb minuses, tab sis lawv tseem nyob ntawd. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no nce tawm ntawm cov khoom ntoo, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xws li da dej, lub pob zeb ntawm phab ntsa yuav tau muab ntxuav ob peb xyoos tom ntej no.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntoo thuv tsis txawv hauv kev ua haujlwm rau ntau yam atmospheric manifestations, fungi thiab kab, yog li ntawd ib tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau them ntxiv rau kev kho mob nrog cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv. 
Spruce
Spruce bathhouses tsis zoo dua li ntawm ntoo thuv, tab sis tsawg dua. Raws li zoo li lub coniferous hom piav saum toj no, spruce kuj yog yooj yim heev rau txheej txheem, tswv yim thiab muaj ib tug tsawg nqi.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no, zoo li ntoo thuv, yog muaj ntau yam sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm ua kom da dej nrog cov paj ntoos zoo rau lub cev.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim los ntawm spruce nyob rau hauv peb qhib chaw yog tsawg, txij li thaum, ntxiv rau cov saum toj no tau minuses, no conifer muaj tsawg tsis kam mus rau ntau yam atmospheric manifestations thiab fungi, thiab kuj muab ntau dua shrinkage dua Pine. Yog li ntawd, xws li cov qauv yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog kev kho mob nrog tiv thaiv cov neeg ua hauj lawm, tab sis kuj yog short-lived. 
Cedar
Cedar plantings tsis pom muaj nyob rau hauv txhua cheeb tsam, yog li ntawd da dej ntawm no ntoo ua tshwj rau hauv Siberia, nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qhov zoo tib yam li cov khoom siv tau piav saum toj no, tab sis nws muaj ntau yam zoo.
Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho, nws yog ib qho zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov qauv. Cedar ntoo - nrog pinkish-liab nruab nrab thiab golden-liab hue ntawm txheej txheej, nws muab lub da dej nthuav ntau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cedar muaj lub siab tiv thaiv rau txhua hom fungi thiab lwm yam kab mob, nrog rau tej yam mob ntawm high humidity, yog li ntawd, xws li cov txheej txheem muaj ntau ruaj thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi kom tswj tshaj Pine los yog spruce.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntoo no xws li:
- ntev li ntawm ntxiab khoom noj thaum thawj ob peb xyoos tom qab kev tsim kho;
- khoom siv siab.
Larch
Larch yog ib hom tsiaj uas tsis tshua muaj me me, yog li no tsob ntoo no tsis tshua pom los ua ib qho khoom siv hauv tsev. Tab sis txawm li no, nrog rau kev sib luag rau cov kwv tij, qhov no ntoo muaj ntau yam zoo:
- nws yog ruaj, ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj cov khoom, yog li no da dej yuav tau sawv ntsug rau xyoo lawm;
- Larch tiv taus txhua hom kab mob hu ua fungi thiab parasites, thiab tsis muaj dej noo, yog li no ntoo tsis tas yuav ntxiv kev kho mob nrog kev tiv thaiv.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm larch tau hu ua tus nqi siab, yog li da dej ntawm tsob ntoo no tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev cog ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntoo no muaj cov qauv ntim excessively thiab tsis txawv hauv kev yooj yim ntawm kev ua. 
Oak
Oak yog xav tias yog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb. Xws li muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo thiab qauv ntawm kev txiav, muaj zog, ua rau noo, kub, fungus thiab rotting rau xyoo lawm.
Tej zaum koj yuav xav paub yuav ua li cas los tsim kom tau ib lub viv, ib qho quav thiab ib daig poom, thiab yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau tus brazier tawm ntawm pob zeb, pergola, gazebo, ib qho chaw dig muag rau hauv tsev thiab ib qhov chaw taug kev.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv no tsis suav hais tias yog qhov yooj yim ua, vim tias nws muaj cov qauv ntim excessively. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntoo qhib yog ib yam khoom haum ua kom haum, vim li ntawd cov qauv tsim muaj qhov qis qis. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov nqi siab ntawm cov ntoo qhib, yog li no lub da dej tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib qho kev siv nyiaj rau kev siv nyiaj. 
Aspen
Aspen yog ib yam khoom siv tsawg dua rau kev tsim kho, txij thaum lub txiaj ntsig ntawm tus nqi thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo no tsis zoo rau cov nqi saum toj no. Nws tsis yog yooj yim los tsim ib qho qauv ntawm aspen, txhua tus neeg ntoo nws muaj nws qhov ntev thiab cov duab, yog li ntawd, kev tsim kho ntawm no ntoo yog ua tau tsuas yog tom qab ceev faj ua.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias aspen tsis tiv taus ntau qhov atmospheric manifestations thiab kab tsuag, yog li tsob ntoo yuav tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos, thiab lub tsev nws tus kheej yuav ua unusable nyob rau hauv ob peb lub decades. Tab sis, aspen muaj nws cov zoo: tsob ntoo zoo kawg nkaus absorbs varnishes thiab paintts, yog li ntawd, xws li ib qho kev tsim kho yuav muab rau sab nrauv zoo nkauj txawm tsis muaj kev txawj tshwj xeeb.
Koj puas paub? Nyob hauv Ancient Rus, aspen yog cov khoom siv rau feem ntau hauv lub tuam tsev da dej, vim tias cov khoom siv hauv vaj tse yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev xwb thiaj paub.
Blocks rau kev siv ntawm da dej
Cov vaj tse los ntawm cov blocks yog ib qho zoo heev thiab pheej yig lwm txoj ntoo kom npaj chav rau ntawm nws tus kheej lub cev. Cov ntaub ntawv no tso cai rau koj kom sai sai tsim ib cov qauv zoo uas yuav kav ntev dua ib xyoos. Tsis tas li, txhua yam ntawm cov vaj tse los ntawm cov blocks yog qhov yooj yim hauv kev tsim khoom, nrog rau hauv kev saib xyuas, vim txhua xyoo lawv tau txais ntau dua thiab ntau qhov chaw.
Peb pom zoo nyeem txog qhov yuav ua li cas los npog lub ru tsev nrog cov hlau pobzeb thiab ondulin, thiab seb yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau lub ru tsev sab nrauv.Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov blocks:
- pheej yig. Cov qauv ntawm cov qauv qes tshaj plaws tseem pheej yig tshaj li cov khoom siv ntawm lwm cov khoom siv;
- tsawg phaus ntawm cov khoom, uas muaj txiaj ntsig rau qhov tsawg kawg ntawm kev txav ntawm tag nrho cov qauv;
- qhov yooj yim thiab kev ceev ntawm kev txhim kho, yog li lub chav chav ntawm cov blocks yuav tsim tus kheej, tsis muaj kev txawj ntse tshwj xeeb.
Tab sis muaj xws li ib cov khoom thiab nws cov drawbacks. Ua ntej tshaj, nws yog:
- tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau siab qia thiab kub siab hloov, uas txo cov durability ntawm cov blocks ntawm lub sij hawm;
- cov khoom tsis muaj thermal conductivity tsawg, li ntawd cov qauv yuav tsum tau insulated;
- cov vaj tse ntawm cov npluas yuav tsum muaj lub hauv paus ruaj khov, tob ntawm yam tsawg 70 cm (nyob rau sab qaum teb - tsawg kawg yog 1 meter);
- ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud phab ntsa ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav.
Aerated ua vaj tse
Aerated ua vaj tse yog ib pob khoom tsim los ntawm cov cement, silica xuab zeb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Qee thaj av ntawm cov dej aerated muaj meej tov, thiab tom qab ntawd hliv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab ntxiv dej.
Nyob rau hauv nws lub hwj, ib qho tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim tshwm sim, raws li ib qho ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom tsim. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog, qee lub npe ntawm cov roj blocks raug kho nrog qhov cub hauv cov autoclaves tshwj xeeb.
Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau ntau hom aerated pob zeb nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, txawv ob qho tib si hauv lawv qhov zoo thiab cov kev siv ntawm kev siv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau tus da dej yuav D500 cov khoom hom. Lawv muaj lub zog tsim nyog los tsim cov qauv ruaj khov ib leeg. 
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no muaj ntau: yooj yim ntawm installation, tsis hnyav, ua kom ntev, muaj hluav taws kev nyab xeeb. Tab sis kuj muaj tsawg dua cov minuses: qhov tseem ceeb hygroscopicity, rather high price (txheeb ze rau lwm hom tsev blocks), xav tau tshwj xeeb lub kua nplaum rau tso cov blocks.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum xaiv aerated pob zeb, qhov yuav tsum tau muab rau cov khoom uas tau raug kho ua ntej nrog cov pa taws hauv autoclaves, txij li ntawm qhov no xwb cov blocks yuav muaj lub zog tsim nyog thiab noo noo tiv thaiv.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej aerated:
- lub zog, kg / cm sq. - 5-20;
- thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) - 0.15-0.3;
- ntim qhov hnyav, kg / m 3 - 200-600;
- Frost tsis kam (pes tsawg tus mus) - 50-75;
- shrinkage, hli / m - 1.5;
- nqus dej,% 45.
Roj silicate
Roj silicate tuaj yeem raug hu ua ntau qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov dej aerated. Cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm tib txoj ntsiab cai li ib yav dhau los, tab sis nws muaj quartz xuab zeb thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov txiv qaub raws li ib khi.
Tsis zoo li aerated concrete, thiaj li yuav tau txais ib cov roj zoo silicate, cov blocks yuav tsum tau raug rau high-pressure chav kho. Cov khoom muaj qhov zoo tib yam thiab kev tsis zoo ib yam li pob aerated, tiam sis los ntawm kev taw tes rau kev pom nws los rau nws.
Thaum kho tus neeg tsav tsheb, ntau tus neeg nrhiav cov lus teb: yuav ua li cas tshem cov xim laus hauv cov phab ntsa, yuav ua li cas yuav nplua ntau hom phab ntsa, yuav ua li cas thiaj li thim lub thawv rau lub caij ntuj no, yuav ua li cas rau nruab ib lub teeb pom kev zoo, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab tseem yuav nruab ib lub chaw rhaub dej kub thiab cua txias.
Vim tias cov kua qaub yog ib feem ntawm cov pa nkev, qhov no thaiv tau sai sai absorbs ya raws thiab ua kom sai sai hauv nws cov cawv. Yog li ntawd, xws li cov hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom zoo thiab tag nrho cov nqi txuas ntxiv. 
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide:
- lub zog, kg / cm sq. - 28-40;
- thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) - 0.1-0.2;
- ntim qhov hnyav, kg / m 3 - 480-720;
- Frost tsis kam (pes tsawg tus mus) - mus txog 50;
- shrinkage, hli / m - 0.3;
- kev nqus dej,% - 47.
Npuas dej ntau
Ua npuas dej nplaum yog qhov pheej yig variant ntawm tes ua vaj tse. Lawv yog los ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm xuab zeb, MAAs thiab dej, uas yog ntxiv thiab enriched nrog npaus los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb generator.
Kev tsim kho ntawm chav ua haujlwm chav, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv khoom D 600 los yog siab dua, vim tias cov pob zeb ua tsis tshua muaj siab siv tsuas yog siv lub rhaub. Cov pob zeb ua siv dej ntau heev ua rau cov roj lossis cov pa roj ntsev piav qhia saum toj no nrog rau kev sib raug zoo, tab sis lawv lub ntsiab zoo dua yuav yog tus nqi. 
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua npuas ncauj:
- lub zog, kg / cm sq. - 10-50;
- thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) - 0.2-0.4;
- ntim qhov hnyav, kg / m 3 - 450-900;
- Frost tsis kam (pes tsawg tus kab) - txog 25;
- shrinkage, hli / m - 0.6-1.2;
- dej nqus,% - 52.
Slag
Pob zeb pob zeb yog ib lub tsev khoom siv uas yog tsim los ntawm cov cement mortars, zoo li cov qhev - pov tseg los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm cov lag luam. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom pheej yig haum, vim nws cov khoom nquag siv nqa tib lub hom phiaj - kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo siv cov slag formations.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub cinder block tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj rau kev tsim ib da dej. Xws li blocks sai txaus thiab ntev ntev ntub dej noo, thiab kuj tsis txawv nyob rau hauv lub siab ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm nce mus rau humidity. 
Txawm tias muaj kev ywj pheej zoo, xws li da dej yuav ua haujlwm tsis pub ntev tshaj 15-20 xyoo tom qab uas yuav tsum tau kho.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Pob zeb pob zeb yog cov txwv tsis pub siv los ua ib qho khoom siv hauv tsev tam sim tom qab tau siv ntau lawm, txij li cov slags tawm ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg ntev heev. Yog li, ua ntej siv, nws yuav tsum tau pw tawm nyob rau hauv qhib cua rau tsawg kawg 1 xyoos.
Sawdust kuj tseem siv tau ua lub ntsiab tivthaiv hauv cov cinder blocks; qhov no, nws yog qhov ua tau kom tsis tau tsuas yog pheej yig, tab sis kuj yog khoom zoo phooj ywg. Yuav kom tsim tau cov qauv ntawm cov storey, ib qho khoom ntawm qib tsis qis tshaj M 75, yuav tsum tau siv, vim tsis muaj kev ywj pheej siv tshwj xeeb tshaj li kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cinder thaiv:
- lub zog, kg / cm sq. - 25-75;
- thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) - 0.3-0.5;
- ntim qhov hnyav, kg / m 3 - 500-1000;
- Frost tsis kam (pes tsawg tus mus) - txog li 20;
- shrinkage, hli / m - 0;
- nqus dej,% 55.
Claydite
Kev sib tw hnyav tag nrho yuav luag tiav, tab sis ib qho zoo dua qhov sib txuas ntawm cov cinder. Cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov nplaum, thiab ntxiv cov av nplaum - av nplaum raug nplua hauv cov tshwj xeeb. Cov av nplaum nplaum muaj ntau txoj kev zoo rau cov seem hauv cov blocks.
Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho, nws yog ib puag ncig kev phooj ywg, tsis hnyav, uas yuav luag tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob siab. Кроме того этот материал имеет низкий процент водопоглощения, а также небольшую теплопроводность, что делает его практически идеальным вариантом для создания качественной, но недорогой парилки.
Если вы не знаете чем украсить свой участок, советуем почитать о том, как сделать водопад, альпийскую горку, фонтан, клумбы из камней и колесных шин, розарий, рокарий, сухой ручей.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev kho ntawm lub da dej yuav tau cov blocks ntawm lub hom M100-M150, raws li qhov tsis tshua muaj zog claydite-pob zeb siv los ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ketonamsit pob zeb:
- lub zog, kg / cm sq. - 50-150;
- thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) - 0.15-0.45;
- ntim qhov hnyav, kg / m 3 - 700-1500;
- Frost tsis kam (pes tsawg tus mus) - mus txog 50;
- shrinkage, hli / m - 0;
- ib qho haum,% - 12.
Tej khoom thaiv
Ceramoblock tsis yog cov khoom siv rau niaj hnub siv, tsis yog cov saum toj no, tab sis koj tuaj yeem pom feem ntau ntawm cov nyiaj siv da dej. Keramoblocks yog cov phooj ywg zoo heev, raws li lawv tsuas yog cov cement, xuab zeb, cov hmoov ua xua thiab dej.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, cov blocks zoo li no tau qis los ntawm tus nqi qis, yooj yim tso, tsis hnyav, thiab ua haujlwm ntev. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv yog cov thermal conductivity dua. 
Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub pob txha ntawm cov khoom, yog li thaum nruab ib da dej ntawm cov nplais qhwv, nco ntsoov tias cov nqi ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau nce kom tsawg dua 5%. Tias yog vim li cas qhov zoo ntawm no tsis tsim nyog txuag, lub hom yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav hauv qab M100.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nplaim:
- lub zog, kg / cm sq. - 25-175;
- thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) - 0.08-0.18;
- ntim qhov hnyav, kg / m 3 - 650-1000;
- Frost tsis kam (pes tsawg tus mus) - ntau tshaj 50;
- shrinkage, hli / m - 0.3;
- nqus dej,% 10-15.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov lus qhia ntawm cov blocks muab kev txhawb ntxiv ntawm cov masonry nrog cov hlau mesh txhua txhua 2-3 kab, los yog cov qauv ntawm cov qauv no yog txo los ntawm ntau zaus. Qhov no yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv tus account thaum tsim kev kwv yees.
Cib da dej
Cib ntsa da dej yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj chav ua haujlwm hauv tsev. 
Nrog kev pab los ntawm bricks, koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib txhim khu kev qha thiab qib siab zoo uas yuav zoo siab rau lawv tus tswv rau ntau xyoo lawm. Tias yog vim li cas tus naj npawb ntawm lovers ntawm lub neej-muab ob peb muab nyiam rau cov khoom no xyov.
Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm lub cib ntoos xiav yog:
- kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ua haujlwm;
- tsawg dej txaus coefficient. Qhov no tsis yog los ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub cev, tab sis kuj pab tiv thaiv kev mob ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob txaus ntshai nyob saum npoo ntawm phab ntsa;
- ntau yam. Cib ua kom nws siv nws rau yuav luag txhua lub hom phiaj: los ntawm qhov erection ntawm phab ntsa, mus rau qhov kev npaj ntawm lub cub tawg;
- exclusivity. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev ua brickwork nws yog ib qhov ua tau los tsim ib qho tsim ntawm txhua yam qauv vaj tse thiab loj;
- yooj yim. Lub cib yog ib qho yooj yim mus siv thiab tswj, dhau li ntawd nws yog heev aesthetic thiab tsis yuav tsum tau sab hauv thiab sab nraud kho kom zoo nkauj;
- hluav taws kub nyab. Txawm tias thaum muaj qhov kub hnyiab, lub cib tsis tuaj yeem, nws ua rau qhov zoo (ntawm qhov kev saib xyuas hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg) khoom;
- kev phooj ywg zoo. Cov lus ntawm lub cib muaj feem ntau ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab.
- tus nqi siab. Txawm tias qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws siv cib yuav ua rau pom kev zoo nkauj tshaj qhov siv ntoo los thaiv kev;
- siab thermal conductivity. Qhov no cuam tshuam txog kev siv roj, thiab tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov cua sov ntawm da dej thiab kev ua tiav ntawm qib siab txias.
Feeb ntau, rau kev tsim kho ntawm da dej nyob rau hauv niaj hnub siv xyaum, liab cib yog siv. Kev tsim kho cov chav hauv chav ua haujlwm siv ntau yam: txawm tias lawv muaj ntau txoj haujlwm, lawv yuav tsum tau siv tshwj xeeb rau cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb.
Cov no yog cov yeeb nkab uas hu ua, cov nplaim thiab cov nplaim hluav taws. Tom ntej no, peb xav txog ntau yam kev xav tau thiab kev paub tab ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv no..
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ntsuas zoo cib muaj ib qho ntxoov ntxoo thoob plaws hauv lub ntim, thiab thaum ntaus nrog ib tug rauj nws tus cim "rings". Thaum tsis muaj cov cim no, cov khoom yuav tsum muab pov tseg.
Pipe (corpulent)
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub kav hlau ciav yog qhov tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom siv khoob nyhiab los ntawm kev sib tua ntawm cov roj thaum lub sij hawm muaj lub qhov cub tawg. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub tsev ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau nrog ua hauj lwm xws li tsis raug rau cov kev tsis zoo ntawm nws cov kev hloov kub cia.
Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb av nplaum, raug rau ib qho kev lag luam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho ua tau kom tau txais ib qho khoom nrog siab hygroscopicity, tus saum npoo thiab nruj qhov ntev. Qhov no txhawb rau kev tsim ntawm kev qhuas nruj rau qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov kev ua kom sibtsoo.
Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm xws li cib ntawm lub lag luam, txawm li ntawd los, tsuas yog corpulent yeeb nkab bricks yuav tsim tshaj plaws. Txawm tias muaj ntau tus nqi ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj pob, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm cov huab cua sov siab kom tsis txhob siv cov khoom ntxeem tau ntau, tsis li qhov no yuav ua rau nws puas tsuaj. 
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tiav ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog tus yuam sij rau lub tshuab chim siab. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua sov siab, lub zog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tus qauv, yog li ntawd, qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog ib qho uas tsis muaj qis dua li qib M200.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cib rau cov kav dej:
- lub zog, kg / cm sq. - 75-300;
- thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) - 0.3-0.8;
- ntim qhov hnyav, kg / m 3 - 1500 - 1900;
- Frost tsis kam (pes tsawg tus kab) - ntau tshaj 75;
- tshav kub kub, ° C - mus txog 1000;
- shrinkage,% - 5;
- nqus dej,% 10.
Tej hub (yeeb nkab)
Cov yeeb nkab txhuam yog ib hom hollow cib, uas yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov tuam tsev tsis muaj siab tshaj li 2-3 plag. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov nplaum tshwj xeeb av nplaum uas yuav muaj cov cua kub kub hauv qhov cub rau ntawm qhov kub txog 1000 ° C.
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov khoom ua ke ntawm cov nplaum pob txha thiab muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. 
Ib qho kev zoo dua ntawm kev zoo li ib tug cib yog raug nyiaj tsawg. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom muaj cov thooj av me, uas tsim cov kabmob ua rau txhua lub cib, ua rau txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom, thiab nrog rau qhov no - nqe kawg.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj kab noj hniav zoo dua tuaj yeem ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov khoom, qhov cub chav ntawm hollow cib heats kom sai dua li tag nro-bodied. Muaj xws li cib thiab ntau cov teeb meem.
Koj puas paub? Qhov loj tshaj chav chav nyob hauv German lub zos ntawm Sinsheim, nws cheeb tsam yog 160 square meters. meters
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws tsis muaj zog, zoo li muaj peev xwm ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog nyob hauv kev qaug tshuaj ya raws. Qhov no ua rau kev nce nqi ntawm cov khoom siv zoo thiab cov khoom tsis sib haum pov tseg, txwv tsis pub cov qauv ntawm cov qauv no txo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hollow ceramic cib rau kev tsim kho ntawm da dej yuav yog qib tsis qis dua M200. 
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ceramic hollow cib:
- lub zog, kg / cm sq. - 75-300;
- thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) - 0.2-0.5;
- ntim qhov hnyav, kg / m 3 - 1300 - 1500;
- Frost tsis kam (pes tsawg tus kab) - ntau tshaj 75;
- tshav kub kub, ° C - mus txog 1000;
- shrinkage,% - 5;
- nqus dej,% 10.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv lub hnub qub, txhawm rau txiav txim seb qhov zoo ntawm bricks, 600 bricks raug muab tso rau ib tug ntoo pallet, tom qab uas lub pallet twb nqa mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm txog 2 meters, thiab ces poob sharply rau hauv av. Yog tias tsawg kawg yog ib qho kev tawg, tag nrho tseem raug tso tseg.
Hluav taws kub-resistant (chamotte)
Hluav taws kub-resistant, los yog shamotny, lub cib yog siv raws li pob zeb, thiab ntoo da raws li ib lub hauv paus rau cov khoom ntawm lub tshuab ua kom sov. Qhov no yog tib qho khoom siv uas muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau cov teeb meem ntawm hluav taws. 
Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov dej khov tshwj xeeb refractory av nplaum thiab ntau yam khoom siv (coke, graphite hmoov, loj quartz kernels, etc.), calcined ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1300 ... 1500 ° C. Nws muab sij hawm kom tau txais kev tiv thaiv kom kub kub poob thiab cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov.
Nyob rau niaj hnub kev lag luam muaj ntau ntau hom fireclay bricks (ShA, ShB, Shak, Shu, ShV, PV thiab PB). Rau kev tsim kho ntawm ib lub tsev chav chav, cov ntaub ntawv tshaj plaws yuav tsum yog ShB-5 thiab ShB-8. Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua fireclay brick ntawm hoob B, muaj peev xwm tswj tau siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1,400 ° C.
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov pheej yig hom ciam hluav taws xob, tab sis txawm li no, qhov kev xaiv no yuav yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo tag nrho ntawm cov nqi thiab qhov zoo.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cwj pwm ci:
- lub zog, kg / cm sq. - 100-150;
- thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) - 0.6-0.9;
- ntim qhov hnyav, kg / m 3 - 1800-2000;
- Frost tsis kam (pes tsawg tus mus) - mus txog 50;
- tshav kub kub, ° C - txog li 1500;
- shrinkage,% - 5;
- nqus dej,% 5-8.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Rau kev tso cov hluav taws kub siv hluav taws kub los yog cov av nplaum. Yooj yim cement mortars instantly tawg thiab vau nyob rau hauv tus ntawm high kub.
Pob zeb da dej: tus tshaj lij thiab cov av
Pob zeb hauv kev tsim kho yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov cheeb tsam uas mus muag ntoo tsis yooj yim li. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub pob zeb da dej zoo nkaus li zoo nkauj thiab txawv txawv, uas yuav pab tau tsim los ua kom muaj ib chav hauv chav sib xyaw.
Qhov zoo ntawm lub pob zeb loj, saum toj no tag nrho, nws yog:
- luv nqi;
- kev nkag mus;
- hluav taws kub nyab;
- durability;
- tsawg shrinkage piv.
Cov no suav nrog:
- technological complexity. Vim yog tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm pob zeb, nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los tsim ib lub tsev ntawm qhov zoo tshaj li ntawm cib los yog ntoo;
- tus nqi siab. Txawm tias tus tseem kim tshaj plaws da dej yuav ntau dua li pob zeb, xws li chav tsev yuav tsum tau muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv sib xws;
- siab thermal conductivity. Lub pob zeb ua kom sov sov so, zoo rau ib lub qhov cub zoo ntawm nws da dej nws yuav siv qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm ntau tshaj roj rau cov chav hauv chav ua lwm yam;
- tsawg roj permeability. Pob zeb da dej yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab ua kom zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muaj cua txias;
- ntev tag nrho tsim. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub pob zeb da dej yog tsim los ua ib lub thickness ntawm tsawg 75 cm, uas adversely cuam tshuam qhov nyiaj ntawm qhov chaw tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho.
Optimal xaiv
Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hnub no txoj kev ua lag luam, xaiv hom khoom zoo tshaj plaws rau hauv tsev da dej tsis yooj yim, txij li feem ntau rau cov neeg siv khoom ntiag tug lo lus nug ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj siv tsis yog tsuas yog ceev, tab sis kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj nyiaj txiag.
Cia peb tshawb xyuas txhua yam ntawm cov saum toj no thiab nrhiav seb qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws los tsim ib da dej, thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua yog tsis kam. Qhov kev tsim kho siab tshaj plaws yog ib tug ntoo sauna (Pine, spruce).
Ib tus ntoo da dej yuav zoo rau tag nrho cov dej num muab rau nws, yuav ua rau ntau tus cwj pwm zoo, zoo li ntxim nyiam ntxig. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no chav chav zoo nkaus li zoo nkauj heev thiab yuav kav ntev mus ntau xyoo.
Yees duab: yuav ua li cas xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim kho ntawm da dej
Thaum tsis muaj nyiaj ntxiv lawm, nws muaj peev xwm los tsim kom muaj ib lub tsev dej los ntawm vaj tse - koj yuav tsum them nyiaj rau pob zeb ua kom pom tseeb. Cov khoom siv no tsis tsuas thermal conductivity thiab durability, tab sis kuj ua rau nws ua tau sai sai thiab pheej yig tsim ib chav txhij full-fledged chav ntawm qhov luaj li cas thiab qhov siab.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev nrhiav kev pheej yig, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xaiv cov khoom siv uas pheej yig tshaj plaws, vim tias cov tuam txhab yuav tsis tsuas yog ntev li ob peb lub xyoo, tab sis kuj ua rau ntau qhov teeb meem hauv cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, ib tug da dej ntawm aspen, npuas blocks los yog cinder thaiv tsim ntawm koj qhov chaw tsis muaj nqis nws.
Hauv qhov no, txawm tias muaj hom kab nrig, tom qab 10-15 xyoo, koj chav khoob ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Kom nruab nrog da dej - qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem thov tau lub caij ntuj no txias qee zaum hauv lawv lub caij ntuj sov.
Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas koj tuaj yeem tsim ib daig tag da dej nrog koj tus kheej tes hauv ob peb lub hlis xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tsis muaj nyiaj ntxiv hauv Tshuag, tsim da dej yog qhov zoo tshaj qhov muab ncua sij hawm rau ib lub sijhawm tom qab, vim pheej yig chav txaj yuav tsis ua mob taub hau ntau.
Kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub network
