Inexperienced thiab novice mushroom pickers, vim lawv ignorance, qee zaum muab lawv tus kheej txaus ntshai ntawm collecting inedible los yog poisonous nceb - nyob hauv lub nceeg vaj nceb muaj ntau cov qauv uas zoo heev zoo li hom kab rov tav, tab sis qhov tseeb yog poisonous. Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov tseeb fungus dawb los ntawm ib tug edible, dab tsi yog cov tsos mob ntawm lom nrog ib tsob ntoo iab, qhov twg nws hlob, thiab nws zoo li - ntau hauv tsab xov xwm.
Tau los tsis tau
Vim lub fact tias gorchak yog feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog ib tug tiag tiag mushroom, nws tau txais nws lub npe - cuav. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg ntawm inedible, uas tsis tau noj txawm tom qab kub kho. 
Vim lub fact tias qhov no hom kab uas tsis zoo muab tawm bitterness, nws tau muab lub npe menyuam yaus - gorchak (tseem hu ua iab thiab hare mushroom). Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tias qhov ntsim tsis yog poisonous, tab sis nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tau noj nws vim hais tias ntawm inedible ntsim pulp.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb dawb mushroom?
Cov nceb zuj zus tuaj zoo ib yam li nws txoj kev sib txuam nrog, thiab ob qho no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv me me.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog rau daim ntawv teev cov kev txaus ntshai thiab lom zem nceb, thiab seb yuav ua li cas thiaj paub cov cuav boletus, inedible russula, lozhopenkov, mushroom umbrella.
Lub kaus mom
Qhov loj ntawm me ntsis ntawm lub qhov ntswg yuav txawv ntawm 5 mus rau 15 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb - thaum wetted, nws ua ib me ntsis nplaum thiab ntxhib, zoo li ib lub kaus mom ntawm ib tug boletus. Qhov zoo ntawm lub hau yog txheem rau boletus - hemisphere.
Cov laus dua cov tsom iav, qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug pib. Xim nws txawv ntawm lub teeb xim av rau xim av, tej zaum yuav muaj lub teeb nruj. 
Pulp
Lub pulp ntawm ntsim medium medium hardness, dawb thiab xim liab, nrog pronounced fibers. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature - nws tsis yog susceptible rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm worms thiab, raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tsis tshua muaj rot. Tsis muaj ib tus nplua nuj tsis hnov tsw, tab sis nws txoj kev saj yog heev iab, nrog ib daim ntawv qhia qaub. Thaum txiav thiab sib txuas nrog huab cua, lub cev nqaij daim tawv pib redden.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txawm hais tias gorchak tsis muaj ib qho qhia kabmob, nrog lub hnub nyoog nws tau txais ib tug suffocating putrid tsw. Txawm tias ib qho me me ntawm qhov iab, ib zaug hauv zaub mov, tam sim ntawd spoils saj cov zaub mov nrog nws cov ntxhiab tsw thiab iab saj.
Tubular txheej
Nws muaj cov kab me me dawb uas txuas rau lub qia ntawm qhov iab. Cov xim ntws zoo los ntawm lub plab mus rau liab.
Ceg
Cov ceg ntawm qhov iab yog qhov muaj zog, dav thiab hnyav. Nws cov tawv nqaij sib txawv ntawm 1 mus rau 3 cm, nws tuaj yeem loj hlob mus txog 13 cm hauv qhov siab thiab nws tus cwj pwm zoo yog lub plav tsau fibrous, uas yog zoo li tus mace. 
Cov xim ntawm ob txhais ceg tau ntxoov xim av, tsis nkag mus rau hauv ib tug nplua nuj-xim av. Nyob rau sab qaum sab muaj qhov xim daj los sis gray mesh uas tshwm rau ntawm lub qia thaum lub sijhawm ntawm maturation - loj dua qhov iab, qhov clearer no mesh tshwm.
Qhov twg thiab thaum twg hlob
Qhov chaw nyiam ntawm kev loj hlob iab - coniferous los yog tov hav zoov. Lawv hlub qaub fertile av - lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob nyob rau hauv sandstones thiab zoo li nyob ze ib nrab-rotten conifer stumps los yog ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntoo.
Gorchak muaj thoob plaws qhov txhia chaw - nws tuaj yeem raug pom ntawm txhua lub tebchaws. Lub sij hawm ntawm tsim thiab kev loj hlob yog sov lub hlis (los ntawm nruab nrab Lub rau hli ntuj mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj). Nws hlub lub teeb ci ntub thiab ntub av, yog li ntawd lub ntsim me me tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv qhib glades thiab marshlands. Tuaj los ua pawg ntawm 5 mus rau 15 daim ntawv luam.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv lub Croatian Zagreb muaj ib lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov nceb, uas muaj ntau tshaj 5,000 khoom pov thawj.
Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov menyuam ntxaib
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob yuam kev hauv kev xaiv ib lub nceb, thiab tsis txhob nqa cov tshuaj lom los yog cov tshuaj tua tsis tau, koj yuav tsum paub txog yam dab tsi txawv ntawm ib hom lossis lwm hom tsiaj. Lub ntsiab ntawm lub iab ntoo, los ntawm qhov uas nws muaj peev xwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm yam ua tau, yog tias thaum txiav, qhov iab pib tsaus ntuj nti tam sim ntawd, thiab qhov chaw ntawm pob txha tuaj yeem xim av.
Tiag tiag cov nceb
Nws muaj peb lub ntsiab lus tseemceeb uas yog lub sijhawm iab pom kev ntawm qhov ua tau dawb ntawm cov tshuaj dawb:
- qhov xim ntawm lub hau (hauv iab - xim av ntxoov, thiab dawb fungus tej zaum yuav muaj xim liab lossis cherry colouration ntawm lub hau);
- txhais zoo nkauj - me ntsis ntawm me ntsis ntawm me ntsis ntawm me ntsis ntawm lub hnub nyoog, uas muab lub qia ib tug zoo sib xws rau mace
- Lub peev xwm ntawm iab rau tsaus ntuj ntawm kev sib txuas nrog huab cua, whereas nyob rau hauv ib tug tseeb dawb fungus, lub cev nqaij daim tawv tsis hloov nws cov xim.
Kawm txog ntau yam ntawm cov nceb nceb, cov txiaj ntsim ntawm cov nceb dawb, txog txhua hom kev ntawm kev cog ntoo dawb rau lub caij ntuj no.Lub qhov cub ntawm cov xim dawb yog ib txwm dawb los sis cov txiv ntsej muag nyob rau hauv cov xim, thaum lub qhov tsos nqaij daim tawv ua rau lub pob liab liab tsis muaj zog - qhov no yuav siv tau los qhia qhov txawv txav tsis muaj tseeb ntawm nws cov ris tsho loj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov nceb hauv cov neeg tuaj yeem, kom paub qhov txawv txaij dawb los ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no, saj lub cev nqaij daim tawv, los yog yaim lub khwb ntawm lub nceb - kua txiv ntawm lub ntsim yog ib yam dab tsi, thiab tseem kub hnyav heev. Thiab txawm hais tias qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws tsis raug pom zoo siv nws - muaj ib qho kev txaus ntshai ntawm tau txais cov khoom noj lom, thiab nrog kev ntsuam xyuas ntau zaus ntawm tus nplaig - daim siab cirrhosis.
Brownberry
Lwm edible ntxaib ntawm Gorchak yog ib tug brownberry. Tsis zoo li qhov iab, cov plaub hau daj muaj xim tuab tsawg dua, uas tsis muaj qhov thickening rau hauv qab.
Kawm li cas txhawm rau paub xws li cov nceb nceb raws li mokruha mushroom, float mushrooms, parus nceb, meadow shrub, stitches ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, boletus nceb, svinushki, dub maj, sandboxes, ryadovka, boletus.
Nco ntsoov tias qhov iab me ntsis zoo nkaus li zoo meej, nws tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cua nab thiab tsis tshua muaj decays (nws cov kab ntsig kab ntsig kab thiab cua nab), tab sis lub boletus feem ntau attracts worms ua puas nws cov txheej plhaub.
Tsis tas li ntawd brownberry muaj ib tug tsw qab ntxiag, thiab dawb nqaij, thaum gall fungus tsis tsw, thiab nws cov nqaij thiab tubular txheej muaj ib tug pinkish xim. 
Cov tsos mob ntawm lom
Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog ib tus neeg tau txais kev pov hwm tiv thaiv ntawm cov mushroom poisoning - nws tshwm sim los ntawm txawm tias cov neeg nce tsev tuaj yeem tsis dim qhov kev tawm tsam no. Txawm tias iab tsis yog ib hom kab mob lom, nws cov khoom xyaw ua thaum tawm mus rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav, ua rau kev qaug zog heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv ntawm gorchaka cuam tshuam rau lub siab thiab txoj hauj lwm gallbladder - txawm tias 20 hnub tom qab kev siv cov tshuaj zoo li no, kev ua txhaum tseem muaj cai raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev.
Koj puas paub? Muaj ntau zaus hauv keeb kwm thaum cov neeg nto moo thiab cov txiv huab tais tau raug lom nrog nceb. Yog li ntawd, nws tau sau tseg tias Roman Emperors Claudius thiab Tiberius (kuv xyoo pua BC), Emperor Alexander I (XVIII-XIX centuries), Fabkis Monarch Charles V (XVI xyoo pua), thiab Pope Clement VII (XV caug xyoo) cov neeg raug mob ntawm mushroom lom.
Cov tsos mob ntawm lom yog:
- ntse mob hauv plab, ntsoog;
- bitterness thiab qhov ncauj qhuav;
- kiv taub hau, tsis muaj zog;
- kub nce siab;
- ntuav tawm tswv yim;
- nyob rau hauv qee zaus - blanching ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov tsos ntawm bruises nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag.
Yog tias tseem muaj ib qho mob ntawm daim ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub plab - kom ua li no, muab tus neeg mob loj npaum li cov dej sov nrog cov kua qaug zog ntawm potassium permanganate, thiab tam sim ntawd nrhiav kev pab kho mob.
Koj tsis tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj noj rau cov kab mob plab (cramps) lub nraub qaum - qhov feem xyuam ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj, raws li txoj cai, tuaj rau hauv cov teeb meem nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj. Nco ntsoov: txhua qhov kev ncua sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm mushroom lom yuav nqi lub neej, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ua sai sai thiab ntseeg tau.
Ntsiav me ntsis yog qhov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab thoob plaws kev sib txuam ntawm hom kab rov ua si raws li xim kasfes boletus thiab dawb mushroom. Kev paub ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm sab nraud ntawm qhov iab thiab nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus cwj pwm yuav ua kom yooj yim qhov txawv ntawm qhov nceb no ntawm nws cov menyuam ntxim nyiam, thiab tiv thaiv nws tus kheej kom txhob raug lom.
Cov tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg siv network
