Ib tug tsawg hostess tsis npau suav ntawm muaj tshiab zaub ntsuab ntawm ib txwm. Thiab yog hais tias nyob sab hauv paj - ib qho tshwm sim uas paub, lub dill thiab lettuce ntawm windowsill tsis yog li feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv ib qho kev niaj hnub chav tsev. Cuaj kaum, muaj cov yees uas cia koj yooj yim hlob tsis tsuas zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog hydroponics - ib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov zaub hauv tsev.
Tshiab zaub txhua lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo
Hydroponics yog ib tug laus, tab sis tsis yog zoo heev-paub, tsis txawj kawg txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub npe hais txog tus qauv ntawm txoj kev: txhais los ntawm Greek, nws txhais tau hais tias "ua haujlwm".
Koj puas paub? Ib ntawm xya kev xav, tus naas ej Hanging Gardens ntawm Babylon - thawj paub daim ntawv thov ntawm hydroponics.Thaum cog hydroponically, cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj nyob rau hauv homogeneous khoom substrate ntawm cov organic los yog khoom neeg tsim keeb kwm. Tag nrho cov muab kev pab cuam ntsuab scoops tawm ntawm kev daws, qhov twg lub ntim yog immersed nrog substrate. Rau txhua hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj ib qho kev sib cais nrog rau qhov tsim nyog txheej roj teeb.
Yuav ua li cas koj xav tau rau zaub loj hlob
Yuav kom loj hlob dill thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag hydroponically, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npaj tag nrho cov khoom ntawm technology. Nws muaj ob lub ntsiab lus.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog lub nuances ntawm cov qoob loo loj hlob, txiv lws suav, strawberries siv hydroponics.
Installation
Hydroponic installation nrog ntim rau cog thiab muab cev tov tshuaj. Muaj ntau ntau hom kev sib txuas, siv rau kev lag luam los yog ib leeg siv. 
Cov khoom siv rau kev cog qoob ua lag luam tuaj yeem yuav los yog sib dhos tau los ntawm tes. Yog hais tias nws tau txiav txim siab los ua kom tiav ntawm nws tus kheej, koj yuav tsum muaj ob lub thawv (ob chav tso tsheb hlau cais yuav hloov tau nws), dej tank, yeeb nkab, twj thoob dej yug ntses thiab lub sij hawm uas yuav tswj tag nrho kev ua haujlwm. Cov ntsiab lus no yuav txaus kom tsim tau cov nroj tsuag ntawm greenery ntawm lub sam thiaj; tseem xav kom muaj qhov kub zoo thiab teeb pom kev zoo.
Koj puas paub? Txoj kev xav ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm hydroponics yog aeroponics, qhov twg lub hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm lawv pollinated los ntawm substrate. Ncaj qha cov dej mus rau hauv keeb kwm yog tsis nkag.Yog tias tsis muaj lub siab xav lossis sijhawm los sib sau ua ke cog qoob cog rau zaub ntsuab, koj tuaj yeem yuav los ntawm kev txiav txim hauv Internet. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam ntawm lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws yog tib yam, tshwj tsis yog tias qhov kev yuav khoom yuav zoo dua compact thiab yooj yim siv.
Tshuaj thiab Substrate
Thaum cov nroj tsuag loj hlob tuaj, nws tshua kom tu cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj substrate. Lub substrate uas nyob qhov pots nrog nroj tsuag ua hauj lwm pab txhawb cov keeb kwm. Nws tus kheej yog kiag li sterile, uas yog, tsis muaj cov as-ham. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub substrate tsis raug mus rau noo noo thiab tshuaj yaj nyob rau hauv dej. 
Cov tshuaj no feem ntau yuav nyob hauv khw muag khoom. Qhov no yog ib qho kua dej uas muaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ib hom qoob loo. Txij li thaum txhua tus nroj tsuag yuav tsum muaj ib tus neeg nruab nrab cev, cov lus ntawm kev daws rau ntau hom yuav txawv.
Npaj kev tsaws
Ua ntej yuav tsaws nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txiav txim xyuas qhov chaw uas qhov chaw nruab deg yuav tsum nyob. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog lub qhov rais sill los yog ib lub sam thiaj. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom noj (uas yog muab los ntawm lub cev), cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum muaj teeb pom kev txaus thiab qhov tsis tu ncua, xis kub rau kev loj hlob. Cov xwm txheej no yuav tsum raug xam tias yog.
Kev xaiv sab substrate
Raws li hais saum toj no, cov substrates yog muab faib ua cov organic thiab khoom neeg tsim. Lub ntsiab vaj tse ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv - tsis kam mus rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm dej thiab tshuaj chemical. Lawv kuj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw, raws li cov nroj tsuag tau muab coj los tso ua ntej. Ntawm no yog qee cov feem ntau cov substrates:
- nthuav av nplaum - Cov no yog cov av nplaum, caked nyob rau ntawm tus ntawm kub ntawm 1200 ° C. Yog tsis muaj cov zaub mov hauv nws, tab sis nthuav av nplaum yuav txo tus pH ntawm cov tshuaj. Hom tshuaj nqaum no yog tsim rau kev siv reusable, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau yaug nws los ntawm lub remnants ntawm kev daws thiab ntxuav lub keeb kwm. Ua ntej siv ua ntej, claydite kuj tseem raug ntxuav hauv cov dej ntws kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem;
- mineral ntaub plaub - ib qho ntawm cov pheej yig tshaj thiab muaj zog substrates rau hydroponics. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj qhov teeb meem. Ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb yuav tsum ceev faj, raws li nws muaj microparticles uas ua kom tawv nqaij. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum ntshai tsam ntaus ntawm cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv qhov muag thiab cov hlab pa. Nws kuj yog biodegradable substrate, thiab muab pov tseg cov ntxhia cov ntoo yuav tsim teeb meem;
- txiv maj phaub substrate. Nyob rau hauv nws nyob tus yeees - coir thiab hauv av plhaub plhaub plhaub, yog li nws yog kev ruaj ntseg rau txhua qhov chaw. Tom qab siv nws muaj peev xwm txawm yuav poured rau hauv txaj raws li fertilizer. Raws li kev txhawb nqa rau cov nroj tsuag hauv hydroponics, nws yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws, vim nws tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj minerals thiab tu lawv kom ntev. Nws tseem khaws dej zoo thiab muab oxygen nkag mus rau cov cag;
- vermiculite thiab perlite. Qhov ob lub substrates raug nquahu kom siv ua ke, raws li lawv muaj cov khoom ua tiav. Vermiculite ua cov nyob tus yeees ntawm cov av xoob thiab absorbs ntau ntawm cov dej. Perlite complements nws, no substrate ntawm volcanic keeb kwm tseem zoo retains noo noo thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog tshuaj chiv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub substrate yuav tsum coj zoo tsis tsuas dej, tab sis kuj huab cua. Ua tsis taus pa yog tsim nyog rau cov hauv paus hniav rau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Cog noob
Raws li ib txoj cai, hydroponics yuav tsum tau thawj zaug germination ntawm noob. Noob yog germinated nyob rau hauv av los yog nws cov analog (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv peat), watering nyob rau hauv ua ntej nrog npaj daws. Thaum ib tug seedling muaj ib los yog ob tug tseeb nplooj, nws txhais tau hais tias hauv paus system yog twb tsim heev. Cov nroj tsuag no yuav hloov cog rau hauv ib lub cev uas tsis tau poob. 
Rau transplantation, lub zus seedling yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub lauj kaub nrog rau hauv av thiab lub keeb kwm yog maj mam ntxuav. Tom qab ntawd, tuav lub nroj tsuag, poob pw tsaug zog straightened paus system substrate. 
Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau cog rau qhov tob uas yav tom ntej cov keeb kwm tsis kov cov tshuaj - noo noo thiab cov kev pabcuam yuav nce siab los ntawm cov pores ntawm lub muab tub lim nyob rau hauv txaus ntau. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tam sim ntawd tom qab kev hloov ua ke, dej dawb tau muab pov rau hauv lub tank. Tsuas yog ib lub lim tiam tom qab nws hloov nrog ib qho kev daws thaum cov nroj tsuag adapts.Qee lub caij nyoog nruab nrab ntawm hydroponic ua rau nws ntws nrog ib qho kev hloov thiab xa cov noob tam sim ntawd mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Tab sis tej lub sijhawm no tsis muab los ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lag luam.
Kev npaj ntawm kev daws
Cov tshuaj no yog npaj raws li cov khw muag khoom pom zoo, ua kom pom lub caij nyoog txaus. Rau cov lettuce thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntsuab hauv hydroponics hauv tsev, lawv noj ib cov concentration ntawm 1.25 ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Kev daws muaj ntawm ib qho ua chiv thiab cov calcium nitrate. Rau meej dosing ntawm fertilizer, koj muaj peev xwm siv ib tug kev kho mob syringe. Cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv rau hauv 1 liter dej. Calcium nitrate yog diluted hauv cov concentration ntawm 25% rau cov dej mos (250 g ntawm cov tshuaj rau 1 l dej). Cov no yog ob qho yooj yim rau cov lus pom zoo.
Kawm cov secrets ntawm loj hlob SAGE, savory, rosemary, basil, cilantro, chervil, ntsuab dos, parsley, arugula on windowsill.
Peculiarities ntawm kev saib xyuas rau zaub hauv hydroponics
Cov teeb meem loj thiab kev txhawj xeeb ntawm tus tswv ntawm cov tshuab hydroponic yog los tuav cov khoom sab nraud rau kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub installation nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau kev saib xyuas. 
Ntawm no yog cov hauv qab no:
- Qhov kev tov nutrient yuav tsum tau hloov tag nrho txhua peb lub hlis. Qhov no yuav pab tau kom tsis txhob muaj kev hloov hauv cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj ntxhua hauv cov khoom ntawm lwm yam;
- Tsis txhob cia cov khoom txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau qhov kev daws teeb meem. Qhov no tseem siv tau rau cov nroj tsuag uas tuag taus - lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv raws li lub sijhawm;
- qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov dej kub yuav tsum tau ceev cia (20 ° C). Yog hais tias lub installation yog nyob rau ntawm lub qhov rais txias, nws pom zoo kom tsim ib qho kev muag khoom los yog ib lub phaj rau nws.
Hydroponics yog ib qho txhim khu kev qha ntawm kev loj hlob zaub ntsuab nyob rau hauv tsev, tsis yog yuav tsum tau ntau ntawm kev rau siab thiab tau pov thawj nws tus kheej ntawm cov amateur gardeners.
