Leningrad Oblast yog thaj chaw sab qaum teb uas muaj pob zeb txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem cog tau.
Nws yuav tsum tau yug nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau txais ib tug zoo me me sau, koj muaj peev xwm tsuas yog tshwj xeeb ntau yam npaj rau rau sab qaum teb thaj tsam.
Qhov no tsab xov xwm yuav qhia rau koj txog qhov twg ntau yam ntawm plums yog haum rau cultivation nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam sab qaum teb-western, zoo li ntawm lub nuances ntawm tsob ntoo kev kho mob.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntau yam rau lub Leningrad cheeb tsam
Rau thaj tsam sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, nrog rau cheeb tsam Leningrad, zoo li no ntau yam ntawm plums:
- "Alenushka". Thaum menyuam yaus lub samobeplodny ripe grade. Nws yog ib qhov nruab nrab-txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo, loj hlob mus 2-2.5 meters. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog loj (30-35 g), spherical, maub liab nyob rau hauv cov xim, lub pob txha detaches tsis zoo. Pollinators - ntau yam ntawm Suav plum thiab Cherry plum. Qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm ntau yam - nplooj thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tua tau feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm aphids.
- "Pob liab liab". Ntxov pob txha taub hau thaum ntxov. Fruiting pib li 2-3 xyoos tom qab cog. Tsob ntoo yog nruab nrab, yuav luag 2.5 meters siab. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog round, loj (txog 40 g), xim liab nyob rau hauv cov xim nrog ib tug xiav Bloom. Pob zeb cais nruj. Qhov ntau yog tsiag ntawv zoo los ntawm lub caij ntuj no hardiness thiab kev tiv thaiv rau asthenopiasis.
- "Renklod collective farm". Nruab nrab yav dhau los ntawm tus kheej lub cev. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog medium, txog 25 g, greenish-yellow, nyob rau hauv paub txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub pob txha cais tawm zoo. Tsob ntoo yog nruab nrab tuab. Frost-resistant, high-yielding, resistant mus rau ntau cov kab mob.
- "Skoroplodna". Thaum ntxov rip samobesplodnaya plum. Tsob ntoo tseem qis. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo - spherical, fragrant, medium-qhov loj qhov me (20-25 g), nrog liab daim tawv liab. Frost tsis kam thiab tawm los yog zoo, tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob yog txheeb ze.
- "Tula dub". Nruab nrab yav dhau los ntawm tus kheej lub cev. Tsob ntoo tseem qis. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo - medium (23-25 g), oval, nrog tsaus xiav, yuav luag dub ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Pob zeb txav deb ntawm lub pulp zoo. Frost tsis kam thiab high yields.
Koj puas paub? Tej zaum, cov av qoob loo ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg (Prunus domestica) tau tshwm sim los ntawm lub plhaub cherry thiab thorns hla.
Qhov twg cog rau ntawm qhov chaw
Tag nrho cov qaum teb ntau yam ntawm plums yog zoo cultivated rau sab saum toj ntawm lub slopes, preferring drained av. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xaiv warmer, zoo-zeeg chaw warmed by lub hnub, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm txias cua, nrog ib tug sib sib zog nqus (yam tsawg 2 meters) av dej cia.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Koj tuaj yeem cog tsis tau ib plum nyob rau hauv cov lowlands, qhov twg dej tau accumulates, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no ntau snow.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov av plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb: nws yog nyiam xaiv cov cheeb tsam fertile nrog ib tug sib nraus composition, nrog ib tug sandy los yog sandy-pebbly underground txheej.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib tug zoo seedlings thaum yuav
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm seedlings yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas yuav ua li cas cov ntoo yuav siv paus thiab seb nws yuav dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntxiv.
Yog li ntawd nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los saib xyuas cov cai hauv qab no:
- lub seedling yuav tsum muaj 3-5 tsim keeb kwm. Cov tub ntxhais yuav tsum tsawg kawg 25 cm ntawm qhov ntev;
- cog cov khoom yuav tsum tau grafted thiab rooted tus kheej. Lub tom kawg xaiv yog zoo dua, txij li thaum tua tau muaj peev xwm rov qab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm frosting;
- ntau yam yog nws tus kheej-fertile thiab nws tus kheej-fruitful. Qhov kawg tau txais qhov kev sau yuav xav tau cov neeg nyob ze;
- nws yog zoo dua yuav cog cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zov me nyuam tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseemceeb uas yuavtsum tau yuav cov ntoo ntawm lub khw;
- zoo dua yuav tau cov ntoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm 2-3 xyoos;
- cov hauv paus hniav yuav tsum yog dawb ntawm pwm, putrid qhwv thiab kev puas tsuaj;
- lub thoob yuav tsum tsis txhob raug nkhaus. Sab shtamb - ib tug kos npe rau ntawm ib tug noj qab haus huv seedling;
- lub crust yuav tsum holistic, tsis muaj frostbite, Burns thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj.
Koj puas paub? Poj huab tais Elizabeth pib pluas tshais nrog ob plums.
Yuav ua li cas cog
Plum yog tsis suav hais tias yog ib tug capricious qoob loo, tab sis ib co cog kev cai muaj nyob.
Sijhawm
Muaj ntau tus gardeners cam hais tias koj tuaj yeem cog tau ib plum nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tab sis, xav tias qhov tseeb tias plums yog ib tug kub-hlub nroj tsuag, qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm cog yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej lub buds muaj blossomed, 3-5 hnub tom qab hauv av tau ua kom thawed.
Yog hais tias koj npaj kom cog ib sapling nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom tsawg kawg 1.5-2 lub hlis ua ntej Frost.
Av npaj
Qhov chaw rau cog plums yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej rau ob peb lub lis piam. Yuav pib nrog, cov av nyob rau hauv ib lub vojvoog ntawm 2 meters los ntawm qhov chaw tsaws tsuam kom ua tib zoo dug, tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag, fertilized. 
Tom ntej, khawb ib lub qhov, av hauv av yog tov nrog humus, ntoo tshauv thiab poured rau hauv qab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ncuav fertilizer ncaj qha mus rau hauv aub tsiv mus tsim kho txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ceg - lawv muaj peev xwm hlawv lub keeb kwm, uas yuav ua rau tuag ntawm seedling.
Stepwise tsaws txheej txheem
Lub plab zoo yuav tsum nyob ze 50-60 cm sib sib zog nqus thiab 80-90 cm dav.
Nyob ntawm ntau yam xaiv, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntoo yav tom ntej yuav txawv. Rau hauv dav, kis crowns, ib tug deb ntawm txog 3 meters yog xav tau, thiab rau cov ntoo nrog me me crowns, 1.5 meters yog txaus. Yog hais tias cov ntoo muab tso rau hauv ob peb kab, ces qhov deb ntawm kab yuav tsum 4-4.5 meters. 
Aub tsiv rau cog dug rau 2-3 lub lis piam. Tam sim ntawd, ib qho kev txhawb nqa rau lub garter yog tsav mus rau nws, nyiam dua los ntawm sab qaum teb sab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, thiab deb ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg mus rau seedling yuav tsum yog 15 cm.
Sab saum toj dressing yog ntxiv rau lub qhov taub (tag nrho cov ntxhia los yog humus). Nutrient sib tov yog tov nrog cov av thiab sab laug rau ib lub sij hawm, yog li hais tias cov av tau settled.
Koj puas paub? Hauv Asmesliskas, plums yog li ntawd zoo nkauj tias lawv hu lawv ntau lub tsev. Thiab nyiam qhov bar ntawm W. Churchill yog "Cov Plum Nruab Nrab" - "Dais Plum".
Txoj cai ua ntej cog rau hauv qab ntawm aub tsiv, lawv ncuav lub ntiaj teb on ib toj roob, muab ib tug seedling on nws thiab evenly ncaj lub keeb kwm. Ces lawv yog them nrog av. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem, lub seedling yog periodically me ntsis shaken kom tsis txhob tsim ntawm khoob qhov chaw, thiab hauv av yog evenly faib. Lub teeb tamping yog tau.
Video: ib qho piv txwv ntawm cog ib plum sapling on ib toj
Lub sapling yuav tsum tsis txhob tau deepened - lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum 3-4 cm siab tshaj hauv av. Thaum cov av yog teem, tsob ntoo yuav pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib theem nrog hauv av.
Tom qab tsob ntoo twb tau cog lawm, lub qia raug khi rau kev them nyiaj yug. Nws yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas lub garter yuav tsis ua rau lub plum bark afterwards: nws yog zoo dua los xaiv cov khoom muag (hemp hlua, elastic twine, thiab lwm yam).
Thaum kawg ntawm cog, lub seedling yog watered, thiab nyob ze-qia cheeb tsam yog mulched nrog sawdust los yog peat.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev txhim kho kev ua qoob loo "av mulching".
Yuav tu li cas
Qhov ntau xim koj muab rau tsob ntoo, thiab tus neeg muaj peev xwm ntau dua koj yuav tsum saib xyuas, zoo dua qhov lub qhov dej yuav hnov thiab ua tsaug rau lub siab zoo.
Watering
Txawm hais tias plum tsis nyiam stagnant noo noo, nws yog mus rau noo noo-hlub nroj tsuag. Kev zom zaws yog qhov txaus ntshai rau qhov ntoo no tshaj li Frost. 
Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub, tsob ntoo yog dej txhua txhua 5-7 hnub ntawm tus nqi ntawm 4 thoob dej rau cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab 6 thoob rau ntawm cov ntoo uas paub tab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawg, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ib tug tsis muaj noo noo, thiab yog hais tias qhov ntxeev tuag tawm thiab nplooj nplooj daj, qhov no yog ib qho kev tshaj ntawm noo noo.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Nws yuav luag tam sim ntawd tshuam rau qhov tsis muaj cov plum ntsiab lus: thaum muaj ib tug nitrogen deficiency, lub tswv yim ntawm nplooj tig daj, thaum muaj ib tug tsis muaj phosphorus, lawv tig grey, thiab thaum twg muaj ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm potassium, lawv tig xim av. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thaum cov av yog noo nrog nitrogen, qhov tua nres loj hlob, tsis muaj lub sij hawm kom paub tab thiab khov me ntsis.
Tias yog vim li cas cov as-ham thiaj muab tso rau hauv theem:
- Thaum tsaws. Nyob rau hauv aub tsiv lawv ncuav lub ntiaj teb tov nrog 15 kg ntawm humus los yog manure, 0.5 kg ntawm superphosphate, 100 g ntawm poov tshuaj chloride (1 kg ntawm ntoo tshauv yuav hloov).
- Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm txaus fertilizer thaum lub sij hawm cog. Tom ntej 3 xyoo nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog fertilized nrog urea (20 g ib 1 sq. Meter).
- Tom qab cov ntoo tau nkag mus rau theem ntawm cov khoom noj, nws yog fertilized txhua xyoo nrog no sib tov (ib 1 sq. M ntawm hav zoov cheeb tsam): 10 kg ntawm manure (compost), 25 g ntawm urea, 30 g ntawm superphosphate, 0.2 kg ntawm ntoo tshauv.
- Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho fruiting, organic chiv yog doubled, thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv yog sab laug nyob rau tib qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lawv ua rau urea, manure los yog humus, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg - phosphate thiab potash tshuaj.
Tom qab fertilization, lawv khawb tau lub ntiaj teb mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 15 cm.Nws mus rau lub pob tw, lub tob yog txo kom tsis txhob puas lub keeb kwm.
Koj puas paub? Hom tshaj plaws yog tsev plum. Hnub no nws yuav siv 90% ntawm tag nrho plum nroj tsuag.
Kev tu xyuas av
Hauv ob lub xyoo thaum lub caij ntuj sov peb yuav tau sib ntaus nrog cov nroj tsuag, tsis pub siv xoob hauv av ib ncig ntawm ib qho me me kev nyuab siab thiab ncuav humus lossis peat (los ntawm thoob cov ntoo). Muaj ntau rau maj tswj mulch cov av nrog sawdust (txheej - 10-15 cm) nyob rau hauv ib lub voos kheej kheej ntawm 1-1,2 m.
Thaum tsob ntoo hlob (laus dua 2 xyoos), lub cev pob txha tuaj yeem kho nrog herbicides. Ua ntej ua, tshem tawm hauv paus kev loj hlob. Herbicides ua rau huab cua tsis muaj zog thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov tshuaj tsis poob rau ntawm pob tw thiab nplooj.
Nyeem kuj ntxiv txog hom herbicides los tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj.
Pruning ceg thiab tua
Thawj thinning ntawm plums yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tshaj li, yog tias koj tsis muaj sij hawm los txiav lub sij hawm txiav, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua txoj hauj lwm tom ntej no caij nplooj ntoos hlav. 
Daim duab ntawm plum crown tsim Pib, 5-6 skeletal ceg yog raug rho tawm, thiab ces lawv raug khaws cia.
Nyeem cov cai dav dav rau cov ntoo hauv pob txha thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, plum yog yuav tsum tau tsuas yog sanitary pruning:
- tshem tawm cov ntoo loj thiab loj hlob hauv cov ceg ntoo;
- txiav puas thiab khov hlua.
Thaum cov ntoo ncav lub hnub nyoog ntawm fruiting, nws yuav tsum tau txiav kom tswj lub zog ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ceg. 
Pruning fruit-bearing plum Txuas ntxiv, thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab ob peb zaug tshaj rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov hauv paus hniav yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm hauv ib lub vojvoog ntawm 3 m, txij li thaum, nws yog ntau nthuav, lub plum yuav ua rau ntau txaav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov me nyuam yuav tu cov nroj tsuag niam thiab cuam tshuam nws cov khoom tsim tau. Tus tua raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev khawb rau saum txheej mus rau qhov chaw uas tus me nyuam tawm ntawm lub hauv paus system, thiab cia li rhuav nws tawm.
Nyeem kuj txog kev luam tawm ntawm plum cuttings: harvesting, rooting, cog thiab kev saib xyuas.
Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no
Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo tshwj xeeb tshaj yog npaj kom zoo rau cov wintering. Ua li no, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, cov cheeb tsam ze-qia raug them nrog straw, thiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj no lawv tuaj yeem daus ib ncig ntawm cov daus thiab co nws tawm ntawm cov ceg ntoo, sim tsis txhob strip lawv kiag li.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm plum kev loj hlob yuav tsum tsis txhob accumulate ntau tshaj 50-60 cm ntawm snow.
Nrog rau qhov chaw xaiv kom yog thiab muaj peev xwm saib xyuas zoo, nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos tsob ntoo yuav zoo siab nrog ib qho kev zoo heev. Thiab koj yuav muaj peev xwm ua kev zoo siab rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab noj qab nyob zoo rau ob lub caij ntuj sov thiab caij ntuj no, enjoying jam thiab compotes ntawm plums.
