Yog hais tias dhau los thaum xaiv ib tug nroj tsuag, ntau xim tau them rau tus qauv, ntev-kev xaiv, tom qab hnub no nyob rau hauv thaj av dacha muaj ntau thiab ntau hom tsiaj qus nrog ib qho los yog lwm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog buten, uas peb caw koj tuaj sib paub zoo dua.
Botanical piav qhia
Buteni yog biennial lossis perennial herbaceous nroj tsuag uas tau muaj ob qho tib si tuber thiab ib tug standard rhizome. Cov ntawv xov xwm raug nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau dua dissected feathers, thiab on ib me ntsis jagged khob ntawm paj yog dawb, liab, liab los yog liab petals, nrog ib tug tob siab qhov nqis nyob rau sab saum toj.
Nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus, lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau khaub thuas, los yog lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv ib qho chaw luv luv. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ib tsob nroj, feem ntau, muaj ib txoj kab nrig-nruas lossis ntau yam zoo li lub vos ellipse, me ntsis nqaim.
Ntawm chav kawm, nyob ntawm seb hom pob tw, tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas koj yuav kawm tom qab. 
Koj puas paub? Cov neeg paub txog kev kho mob zoo tiam nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm ancient Roman thiab Greek lub teb chaws, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ntawd cov nroj tsuag tau muaj txiaj ntsim ntau ntxiv raws li ib lub flavorful ntxiv rau ostrich nqaij tshaj li ib feem ntawm nrov recipes.
Kis
Nws ntseeg tias nws "kev mus ncig" thoob plaws ntiaj teb pib nrog buten ntawm thaj av Caucasian thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Asia, tab sis hnub no nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog ib tug huab cua huab cua ntawm Eurasian thaj av. Cov nroj tsuag thoob plaws hauv Finland, Sweden, nyob rau thaj av ntawm Iranian lub xeev thiab Qaib Cov Txwv.
Kuj paub txog nws lub inhabitants ntawm Fabkis, Greece, Russia, Ukraine thiab Western Transcaucasia. Feem ntau ntawm cov tsiaj (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, tub nyiam tshaj plaws tuberiferous bumen) nyiam plots nyob ze txoj kev thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog hauv hav zoov npoo thiab hauv qhov nyuaj, tab sis qhov kev xaiv ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob hauv hav zoov-steppe aav tsis suav. 
Thaum qee leej neeg xav txog qhov qoob loo los ua ib qho nroj tsuag, lwm tus tau cog hauv lawv cov zaub hauv av ua zaub cog, hu nws "Kervel turnip", yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ceeb yog tias koj pom hauv thaj chaw ntiag tug.
Nrov hom
Tsis yog txhua hom buten yuav zoo tib yam nkaus rau tib neeg lub cev, vim qee cov neeg muaj kev tsis txaus siab thiab kev ceeb toom heev yuav tsum tau siv thaum siv lawv. Xav txog txhua hom nyob hauv ntau yam.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog rau cov khoom zoo li no xws li cov nroj tsuag herbaceous ua ib burnet, lespededena, serpentine lub taub hau, ib nrab-poob, ceg, medicinal, ntsim creeping, astragalus, awnless hluav taws, sedge, yasnotk thiab zubrovka.
Tuberiform, tuberous (bulbosum)
Ib sab hauv tub ntxhais hluas los yog tuberiform buten yog ib ceg ntoo thiab ceg qaum, yooj yim ncav ntawm qhov siab ntawm 60-180 cm Nyob rau hauv qis tsho, qia yog them nrog pubescence thiab txawv ntawm cov xim liab qab, thiab saum nws yog tag nrho liab qab, qee zaum nrog cov yam ntxwv swellings nyob rau hauv lub pob.
Hauv paus feem yog ib lub qe-puab tuber, uas, txawm li cas los, yog tsis nyuaj los twv los ntawm lub npe ntawm ntau yam. 
Txhua daim nplooj ntsuab yog grey-ntsuab, tab sis nyob rau lwm yam ntxwv ntawm sab nraud thiab cov nplooj ntawv sau qis muaj ntau qhov sib txawv: thawj yog dissected nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw thiab muaj elongated lanceolate lobes (nyob ntev petioles), thiab lub thib ob yog sessile suab, nrog sheaths hnov.
Lub tuberous bud inflorescence yog ib tug sab lub kaus nrog dawb petals ntawm paj. Flowering nroj tsuag tau cai nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj thiab Lub Xya hli ntuj. Tawm ntawm oblong txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj. Tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov ntau yam muaj herophyllin, thiab kwv yees li 20% ntawm cov hmoov nplej siab nplej siab thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog nyob hauv hauv paus.
Koj puas paub? Tus qauv ntawm tuberiferous buten yog nyob rau hauv ntau yam zoo xws li cov qauv ntawm Prescott ntau yam, uas yog suav hais tias yog ib tug zoo zib mu nroj tsuag, tab sis nws tsis muaj ntau yam zaub mov zoo. Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov stylody khoov duav.
Golden (aureum)
Zoo li yav dhau los tus neeg sawv cev, lub kub zoo yuav ntaus nqi mus rau perennial nroj tsuag, nrog ib tug tuab paus system. Nyob rau hauv qhov siab, xws li ib tug buten hlob mus rau 70-150 cm thiab yog txawv los ntawm ib tug es muaj zog branching. Thickly pubescent, nyob rau hauv lub pob hlav muaj me ntsis o. 
Daim phiajcim daim duab no tau them nrog pubescence thiab 2-3 zaug dissected, nrog cov tsho uas pom tau-cov ntsej muag. Inflorescences yog nthuav qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub umbrellas, tab sis nrog me wrapers, cov los ntawm tib nplooj ntawv (6-8 pieces).
Tag nrho cov paj yog dawb, nyob rau hauv txhua lub kaus muaj ib feem ntawm cov filaments. Flowering tshwm sim thaum pib los yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo (ob qho tib si ntawm ob qho tib si) muaj sia nyob hauv lub Yim Hli. Luam - noob.
Hom kev txwv no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau sab Europe hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, tiam sis nws nyob hauv lwm lub teb chaws uas muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo, feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab hauv meadows.
Cov ntxhuav (aromaticum)
Lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag herennas perennial. Cov kab qij qaum ntawm cov nqaij npuas kib hlob tuaj ntawm 50 mus rau 200 cm thiab yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws ntawm branching. Raws li nyob rau hauv dhau los versions, nyob rau hauv lub pob hlav ntawm no nroj tsuag muaj ib me ntsis o, thiab nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm lub qia muaj kom meej meej pom tawv pubescence ntawm dawb xim. 
Nplooj nplooj ntawv ob zaug los yog triple ternate, tej zaum yuav liab los yog them nrog cov plaub hau saum toj. Qis nplooj, grey-ntsuab luv ntu dua ntawm cov leeg. Lobar qhov chaw ntawm lub xeem txiav txim yog obovoid, jagged raws ntug.
Cov nplooj ntawv qis tshaj yog nyob ntev ntawm cov petioles, thaum lub siab yog me thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov chaw mos. Cov paj dawb ntawm ib qho tshuaj tsw qab yog piv tsawg dua cov neeg txheeb ze nws. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog tag nrho rau hauv txoj kev kaus hniav, nrog 12-20 rays ntawm thawj qhov kev txiav txim.
Thaum pib ntawm lub ntsiab sab, cov nplooj ntoos wrapper yog tag nrho tsis tuaj, los yog tsuas muaj ib nplooj ntog xwb. Hauv raj-thib ob, tus wrapper muaj 7-9 cov ntawv pov thawj sab nrauv-lanceolate. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no buten yog cylindrical, me ntsis oblong, ncav ib qhov ntev ntawm 8-13 hli.
Lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm aromatic butene yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug tuab ntawm horizontally nyob rhizome, nyob rau hauv uas 25-32% ntawm nitrogen dawb extractive tshuaj (suab thaj, starch) yog tam sim no, cov roj nitrogenous, cov rog, cov roj ntsha ntawm saponins thiab alkaloids. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov nplooj thiab qia ib feem ntawm no ntau yam yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. nyoos rau ua noj ua haus - lawv yog heev poisonous.
Intoxicating, stupefying (temulum)
Qhov no, feem ntau, muaj ob hom me nyuam yaus uas muaj hnub nyoog ob xyoos (qhov txawv ntawm txhua xyoo 100-120 cm) Ntawm qhov hauv qab, qhov qis upright npog liab tsaus nti thiab nce zuj zus pubescence, uas ua rau nws ntxhib mus kov.
Nyob rau hauv cov nplooj koj pom tau qhov tsoos lub teeb o. Tsis zoo li cov tuberous ntau yam, cov qaug cawv plab tsis muaj thickening rau hauv qab ntawm qia. Nplooj phaj muaj ib lub kab npoo los yog sib npaug ntawm cov pob ntseg ovate, thiab nyob rau saum npoo yog pom meej hnyav pubescence.
Cov nplooj ntawv sab nraud tau muab tso rau ntawm cov petioles, thaum lub siab, tsis yog li dissected, yog suab sessile, nrog broadly ovate lobes. Paj yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv lub umbrellas, uas muaj xws li ntawm 6-12 me umbrellas. 
Tus wrapper yuav tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem los yog nws tuaj yeem ua ib daim nplooj xwb. Paj paj ob qho tib si thiab bisexual, nrog dawb, tej zaum reddish los yog yellowish petals. Flowering nroj tsuag muaj cai los ntawm Tej zaum mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj.
Koj tuaj yeem ua tau raws li stupefying sticks nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, thiab nyob rau hauv Russia nws hlob ntau rau chernozem cheeb tsam, sib tham nyob rau hauv tov thiab deciduous hav zoov zones.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj ib tug txaus loj npaum li cas ntawm volatile herophyllin alkaloid, vim uas nws yog ib tug narcotic siv. Muaj twb raug cov neeg raug lom ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg, thiab kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov tshuaj lom, nws yog ntshaw kom siv cov adsorbing tshuaj uas muaj tannin.
Tshuaj Kex
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm butene tseem kawm tsis tau, tab sis nws yog qee yam txog li 0.9% ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb nyob hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, cov khoom tseem ceeb uas yog anethole (ua tsaug rau nws, cov nroj tsuag muaj xws li anised tsw ntxhiab).
Coumarins, flavonoids, thiab fatty oils kuj muaj nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw. Mus txog 0.45% ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb, vitamin C (hauv pluas loj), carotene, qab zib thiab glisirrizin muab zais rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv. Raws li cov zaub mov ntawm cov nroj tsuag, feem ntau cov tuberous butene tsis muaj proteins thiab carbohydrates txhua, thiab cov rog muaj 4 g ib 100 g. Calories: 20 kcal ntawm 100 g.
Siv tshuaj noj
Buteng (txhua yam ntawm nws) tsis yog paub zoo hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj raws li chamomile, licorice los yog sage, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej yam mob nws ua rau lub neej yooj yim rau ib tug neeg. Cia peb nrhiav seb cov khoom sib piv rau cov nroj tsuag tau muaj, thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas nws thiaj raug siv los npaj cov ntawv kho mob. 
Medicinal thaj chaw
Tag nrho cov formulations npaj rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm no cog yuav muaj disinfecting, diuretic, antispasmodic thiab expectorant nyhuv, vim uas nws tau ua rau alleviate tus mob hauv ntau lub raum kab mob, bronchitis los yog mob khaub thuas mob, nrog nws cov lus hnoos.
Tsis tas li ntawd, infusions thiab decoctions los ntawm no cog nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm txhim kho digestion thiab muaj peev xwm pab tiv thaiv nrog teeb meem ntawm gastrointestinal ib ntsuj av.
Kev npaj los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm buten yog siv nyob rau hauv xws li mob:
- rau kev yaug qhov ncauj nrog stomatitis, kab mob ntawm caj pas thiab lub ntsws ua pa (nrog rau cov hlab ntsws thiab cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem pab rau qhov hnoos qeev);
Cov kab tshauv los ntawm dev ntoo, calendula, savory, elecampane, peb-leaf watch, Canadian sanguinaria, barberry, nees sorrel tseem siv rau yaug qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.
- nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm o ntawm lub zais zis thiab ob lub raum (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb raws li ib tug diuretic rau cystitis)
- kom tshem tawm kiv taub hau, kub cev;
- kom ntxiv zog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev;
Yuav kom nce qhov kev tiv thaiv lawv kuj siv cov Crimean railway, Bee pollen, viburnum, whitehead, Tibetan lofant, taub dag, BlackBerry, yucca, safflower, hellebore, fenugreek, clover, cornel, echinacea, Bay nplooj, aloe thiab hemlock.
- nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm ib tug dermatological qhov (nyob rau hauv kev, pob txuv, mob thiab abscesses);
- kom tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tuberculosis thiab kho tsis zoo
- mus rau normalize digestive muaj nuj nqi thiab daws cov teeb meem hauv plab.
Rau qhov kev npaj ntawm lam dej yuav siv tau hauv paus feem, nplooj thiab cov noob sau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tag nrho kom loj hlob.
Noob Txoj kev lis ntshav
Raws li qhov teeb meem koj muaj, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov kev tsim nyog tshaj plaws los daws qhov teeb meem. Yog tias koj muaj lub cib fim kom tau ib lub raj mis, ces cov zaub mov nram qab no yuav tuaj yeem ua ke.
Los ntawm ib lub suab hlais, dej haus tau tsim los ntawm ob lub ncuav qab zib ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov khob ntawm cov dej kub npau npau yuav pab tau, uas, tom qab sib tov, yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ib nrab ib teev, thiab tom qab tso tshuaj, ntxiv ib qho kev teaspoon ntawm zib ntab thiab siv 1-2 diav peb zaug ib hnub (ib txwm nyob hauv daim ntawv sov ). 
Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm cov noob yuav pab rau tiv nrog kab mob ntawm gastrointestinal ib ntsuj av thiab khaub thuas raws caij nyoog. Los npaj cov dej haus, qhov no yog ob lub ncuav ntawm cov noob qaub ncaug nrog lub khob dej kub ib nrab ib zaug, tom qab uas cov kua yog lim zoo thiab haus ib nrab ib khob ib hnub (yog tias koj muaj lub plab) thiab ib khob dej txias (koj ntxiv tau ib rab diav ).
Nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj, mob khaub thuas kuj kho nrog anemone, skuma, dub cumin, amaranth, salvia, linden, catnip, marigold, walnut tshuaj ntsuab, stevia magenta.
Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, qhov infusion yuav tsum tau consumed sov thiab ib nrab ib teev ua ntej noj mov.
Hauv paus tincture
Yog tias koj tsis zoo, mob plab thiab tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv, daim ntawv qhia rau lub pob tincture nram qab no yog pab tau: rau 50 g ntawm crushed qhuav paus, noj ib nrab ntawm vodka thiab, tom qab sib tov, muab qhov khoom rau 14 hnub, tuav lub hwj lub sijhawm (li ntawm ob hnub).
Koj puas paub? Lo lus "zib ntab" yog ntawm Yudai keeb kwm thiab lus txhais tau tias "magic spell."
Tom qab lub sij hawm teev, lub tincture yuav tsum tau drained thiab xa mus rau ib tug ruaj khov cia qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev txias. Siv lub cuab tam rau 15-20 qhov mob 20 feeb ua ntej noj mov, 2 zaug hauv ib hnub.
Siv hauv kev ua noj
Yeej, tubular tubers yog siv rau cov hom phiaj ua noj haus, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau hauv kib, hau thiab tais diav. Lawv muaj cov khoom qab ntxiag zoo nkauj heev, zoo li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib xyaw roasted mus rau saj.
Kev sib tw hluas yoojyim thiab tua ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv qee lub teb chaws (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Romania thiab Moldova) feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm thawj chav kawm, tab sis lawv siv tau rau salting los yog ib qho additive rau ntau cov kua ntses.
Hauv qee zaum, buten tshuaj ntsuab yuav tua los ntawm ziab los yog raws li lub caij rau ntau yam khoom tsim tau gastronomic. Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem npaj cov zaub xam lav los ntawm ib sab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsuas yog ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim heev, nco qab txog kev ua kom muaj qee cov kab mob. 
Koj puas paub? American chefs qhia koj ntxiv qhuav qhuav pob zeb tawm mus rau compotes ntawm tus nqi ntawm 2-4 dia rau 1 liter, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov suab thaj siv tau raug txo qis ob zaug.
Contraindications
Vim tias cov kev txwv tsis kam siv ua ib yam tshuaj, nws tsis yooj yim hais qhov contraindications buten-based drugs muaj. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, nws txoj kev siv yuav tsis tshua meej heev rau cov tib neeg uas muaj ib leeg tsis txaus siab rau nws cov khoom, thiab lom tau tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum siv hauv raw daim ntawv.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, thaum twg tus kheej sau cov ntaub ntawv raw, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kawm qhov pom ntawm tsob ntoo xaiv, yog li tsis txhob cuam tshuam tus piav tab sis nrog cov zoo li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsev neeg. 
Loj hlob hauv tsev
Muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag qus zoo nyob hauv lawv lub caij ntuj sov lub caij ntuj sov, thiab cov pob tw yog tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws ua suab tsis tau tshwj xeeb rau kev loj hlob, thiab ua ntej cog nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum paub txog ob peb yam lus tseeb.
Xaiv qhov chaw
Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau lub pob tw yog ib qho chaw uas muaj qhov zoo, hum nti los yog thaj chaw me me. Nws cov neeg zej zog tuaj yeem paub txog peb kab lis kev cai, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub qhov qhib, nws hlob txawm ib sab ntawm cov nroj.
Cog noob
Buten yog propagated los ntawm noob txoj kev, thiab lub noob germinate zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ib tug kub ntawm + 20 ... + 30 ° C. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias koj muab lawv rau hauv lub Peb Hlis, thawj zaug yuav tshwm sim li ntawm 20 hnub tom qab cog (zaub ntsuab rau 4-6 lub lim tiam). 
Thaum npaj cov av rau sowing, nws yuav tsum tau loosened thiab zoo moistened, raws li rau qhov qub kev loj hlob ntawm lub noob yuav xav tau noo noo. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cog nws tus kheej yog yooj yim heev: lub noob cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog tawg nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw loosened los yog me ntsis mus ntxaum mus rau hauv av.
Tshwj xeeb chiv yog tsis tsim nyog. Nws yog txaus los cog ib lub raj mis ib zaug, thiab koj yuav muab nrog cov khoom noj cov khoom noj rau tag nrho cov tom ntej tom qab, vim hais tias qhov no yog ib tsob nroj perennial - nws tus kheej seeding.
Watering
Tsis tu ncua dej - lub hauv paus ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm lub butene nyob rau hauv "tsev". Yog tias koj npaj yuav siv nws cov nplooj, nws yog ib qhov yuav tsum tau tso cov kua no tsawg kawg ib zaug ob peb hnub kom cov nplooj ntoos tsis ua dhau lawm. Cov nroj tsuag tsis xav tau lwm yam, yog li koj tsis muaj peev xwm txhawj txog hnav khaub ncaws los yog loosening cov av.
Harvesting thiab cia ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv
Rau medicinal lub hom phiaj, tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov piav qhia nroj tsuag yuav siv tau, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog harvested by zom cov ntaub ntawv raw. Txiav nplooj thiab stems yog finely txiav thiab pw tawm on ib lub tais nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias txheej, thiab ces nqa mus rau ib tug sov so, shaded thiab zoo-ventilated qhov chaw. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov kab nyom yuav tsum muab tso rau lub sijhawm ua ntej kom tsis txhob muaj cov pwm los yog kis ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab.
Thaum lub pob tshab yog qhuav qhuav, qhov ntim ntawm qhov crushed tuaj yeem muab ntim rau hauv hnab ntawv lossis ntaub ntim hnab, qhia lawv hauv qhov chaw qhuav thiab tsaus nti ntxiv cia. Lub txee lub neej ntawm qhuav nyom nroj tsuag feem ntau tsis yog ntau tshaj ib xyoos.
Los npaj hauv paus hauv paus, nws yog dug tawm nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov los yog thaum pib ntawm Autumn, tab sis ua ntej qhov pib ntawm ruaj frosts. Tom qab tshem lub tubers los ntawm hauv av, lawv yog ntxuav nyob rau hauv khiav dej thiab txiav mus rau hauv me me pieces. Nws yog ua tau kom qhuav cov khoom raw hauv lub tshuab fais fab, teem rau qhov ntsuas kub txog + 50 ° C.
Ntxiv cia yog tsis txawv ntawm qhov kev mob ntawm txuag lub aboveground qhov chaw.Buten, tab sis yog ib qho txawv, tab sis zoo raw khoom rau siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj txwm. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav kom tsis txhob ua rau koj tus kheej raug mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej, txawm koj muaj teeb meem dab tsi.
