Golden Delicious tau nrov heev rau ntau xyoo. Tab sis tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus paub lub secrets ntawm ntau yam thiab nthuav lus tseeb. Cia wb saib cov keeb kwm ntawm ntau yam nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov qauv ntawm cultivation thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm lub "Golden" Kua.
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Lub Kua ntau yam Golden Delicious yog bred nyob rau hauv 1890 nyob rau hauv America, South Virginia, raws li ib qho ntawm random hla. Yuav kom kawm tau cov kev zoo ntawm lub vaj tse tshiab nrog nws tau yuav. Qhov tshwm sim yog yug me nyuam ntawm ntau yam tshiab ntau yam, lub hauv paus ntawm cov uas yog "Golden Golden" (qhov no yog hu ua lub kua). Tam sim no nws yog nrov nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb. 
Koj puas paub? Cov tsiaj qus tau xub xub thawj nyob hauv qub txeeg qub teg ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Kazakhstan niaj hnub thiab Kyrgyzstan. Cov kev xaiv tau pib thiab tau ntse txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov neeg Greek yav tas los. Rau lawv yog muaj npe 40 ntau yam.
Txheeb raws roj ntsha
Lub caij ntuj no ntau yam. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj peev xwm khaws cia kom txog thaum lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj-Plaub Hlis
Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam: yields siab, txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening yog ntxov, transportability thiab cia nyob rau hauv ib theem siab, haum rau kev ua. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis poob tawm ntawm tsob ntoo. Tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog raws li nram no: yields yuav sib quas ntus, lub kua ntoo tsis nyiam drought thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog tsawg noo noo theem tsis zoo. Tus nroj tsuag tsis zam xim av spotting.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj concentrated ntau kev noj haus zoo: Ascorbic acid, P-active tshuaj, pectins, ascorbic acid, qab zib.
Ntau yam "Golden Delicious" los ua lub hauv paus rau kev cog qoob loo tshiab: "Jonagold" (ntxiv ntawm "Jonathan"), "Starling", "Royal Red Delicious".
Nyob rau ntawm ntau yam "Liab Delicious" hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas, ntau ntau "Red Chief" yog bred.
Tsob Ntoo Tsob Ntoo thiab Cov Npleem Kom Zoo
Nqe lus piav txog lub Kua ntau "Golden Delicious": tsob ntoo ntawm nruab nrab qhov siab, mus txog 3 meters siab. Ib tug neeg laus ntoo ntawm daim ntawv voj, dav, muaj ib txoj hauv kev ua kom tuab. Plig hluas "Golden Delicious" zoo li lub khob. Kua ntoo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau, thiab vim hais tias cov ceg yeej ib txwm nqis los saum npoo av. Tus tua tsis heev tuab, nkhaus, lub teeb xim av nrog ib tug kov ntawm ntsuab. Pubescence tsis muaj zog. Lub bark ntawm lub tsob ntoo kua yog tsaus grey. Lub foliage yog elongated kawg, qij thiab du. Cov xim yog ci ntsuab. Lub paj yog saucer-puab, medium loj, dawb nrog ib tinge ntawm liab, pistil sab pubescent. Fruiting tov.
Zoo dua cog qoob cog rau "Golden Delicious" pollinators: "Delicious Spur", "Idared", "Melrose", "Jonathan", "Wagner Prize". Cov kua ntoo tsis tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej tsis zoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Pollinators yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv ib lub vojvoog ntawm 0.5 km ntawm Golden Delicious.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Txheej
Cov txiv ntoo loj los yog nruab nrab loj. Daim ntawv sib npaug ntawm lub qia, zoo li lub khob. Tev nrog me ntsis roughness, qhuav thiab ntom. Xim thawj lub teeb ntsuab, thiab tom qab ntawd yuav daj-kub nrog ib tug me me ntawm xim av pigmentation, tej zaum nrog ib tug dull rosy los ntawm lub hnub. Qhov hnyav yog qhov txawv txav, nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev loj hlob. Piv txwv, tej zaum yuav muaj li ntawm 140-170 g, qee zaum qis dua. Lub pulp yog tuab, dawb nrog ib tug greenish tint xim. Nws cov xim hloov raws li ib tug ntawm cia ntawm ib lub teeb daj, thiab dessert saj ua ntsim. Kev zoo tsis ploj nrog kom zoo cia txhua lub caij. Lub aroma ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ci. 
Tawm
Sau yog yuav luag txhua lub siab, tab sis muaj ib tug nyiam mus periodicity. Ib tsob ntoo tuaj yeem nqa 60 kg ntawm qoob loo, thiab nrog kev kho mob zoo heev, 120 kg. Apples yog nyob rau hauv xws li ntau hais tias lawv tsuas zoo li grapes. Fruiting pib nyob rau hauv ob xyoo tom qab cog.
Lub caij ntuj no los ntawm cov ntoo muaj xws li "Antey", "Northern Synapse", "Medunitsa Zimnyaya", "Txiaj", "Lobo", "Orlik", "Bogatyr".
Yuav ua li cas xaiv seedlings thaum yuav
Nws yog pom zoo kom yuav seedlings hauv nurseries los yog khw muag tshwj xeeb. Cov kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tsis haum yog muag tau ntawm cov lag luam kev lag luam thiab txawm los ntawm cov lag luam ntiag tug. Ntawm chav kawm, kom paub tseeb tias qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav tsis raug mob. Qhov zoo yog zoo heev yog:
- keeb kwm yog tsim heev;
- ib tug peb-xyoos-laus sapling muaj 3-4 skeletal ceg mus txog 60 cm ntev thiab keeb kwm txog li 40 cm ntev;
- Tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob, kev puas tsuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.
Yog tias koj noj ib xyoo twg, koj yuav tsum npaj kom muaj kev ywj siab tsim ntawm lub yas.
Ib tug seedling yuav yuav nrog ib tug clod ntawm av nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, thiab qhov no yuav yog ib tug ntxiv, raws li nyob rau hauv lub xeev no tus nroj tsuag yuav siv sij hawm sai dua. 
Cov kev cai rau cog Kua seedlings rau lub site
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum them sai sai rau qhov sijhawm teem ntawm cog tsob ntoo. Kev nyab xeeb thiab av kuj ua ib qho tseem ceeb.
Lub sijhawm zoo
Cog yuav nqa tawm thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, thaum tsis muaj qhov hauv av txias. Feem ntau qhov no yog lub Kaum Hlis. Yog hais tias koj tau ua nws nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog zoo dua mus tos rau sov Lub Plaub Hlis.
Xaiv qhov chaw
Nyob rau xaiv ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tsob ntoo, thiab chaw pib ib tug zoo sau. Nyob rau lub cuab ntxhiab rau lub Golden Apple yuav tsum muaj ntau ntawm lub hnub, uas yog yooj yim mus cuag los ntawm cog ntoo rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub vaj. Ib lub teeb loamy thiab carbonate-sody av yog preferable, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov zeb thiab calcareous. Txawm hais tias rau no ntau yam, nws yuav ua tau. Tab sis yog hais tias cov av yog av nplaum, nco ntsoov ntxiv xuab zeb.
Acidity yuav tsum tsis tuaj yeem los sis ua me me. Qhov nce thiab av hauv av ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 2 m ntawm nto yog ntshaw. Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kua ntoo loj tuaj ze.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kua yog khoom noj khoom haus vim nws 80-90% cov dej cov dej. Nws muaj hlau ntau heev, tab sis nws tsis nce hemoglobin vim yog daim ntawv digestibility. Ib nrab ntawm lub rooj noj mov: phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, zinc, sodium, calcium, manganese, fluorine, iodine, molybdenum. Organic acids: citric, malic, acetic, succinic, folic, ascorbic, nicotinic, chlorogenic. Vitamins: A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, C, E, K, Z, ZZ. Cov khoom muaj nqis: pectin, carotene, starch, catechins, proteins thiab cov rog hauv me me, fiber, micro-thiab macronutrients.
Qhov chaw npaj thiab seedlings
Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxov cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo. Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum raug xam tias: nws yuav tsum muaj txaus, qhov av yuav tsum ua kom zoo, lossis nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum muab kho rau cov khib nyiab nrog chiv, thiab qhov chaw yuav tsum tsis txhob qhib rau cov cua txias ntsiag to. 
Ib qho tseem ceeb: yuav tsum muaj chaw txaus rau kev tsim yas (3 m ntawm cov ntoo). Kom cog cov nroj tsuag, ib qho pis 1 m dav thiab 1 m sib luag yog npaj rau 3 lub lis piam los yog ib lub hlis thiaj li hais tias cov av tuaj yeem zaum thiab tau compacted.
Nyob rau hauv "Golden Delicious" ua ntej cog qoob tawm ntawm sab saum toj thiab ob lub raum nrog cov kev taw qhia txog kev ua kom zoo. Yog li koj yuav tiv thaiv tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsis tseem ceeb tua li. 5-6 buds nrog sideways sab laug rau lub cev pob txha.
Cov txheej txheem thiab qauv
Nyob rau hauv lub npaj aub tsiv muab chiv. Piv txwv li, txog li 1 kg ntawm charcoal, mus txog 2 kg ntawm superphosphate, 1 los yog 2 thoob ntawm humus, zoo li mus txog 15 g ntawm poov tshuaj sulphate. Tom qab nyob rau hauv lub qhov taub muab ib tug naj npawb los tuav lub pob tw. Ib lub tsob ntoo nrog cov hauv paus hniav qhib yuav tsum tau dipped nyob rau hauv ib qho kev loj hlob stimulant daws rau thaj tsam li 1-2 teev.
Thaum cog tsob ntoo, lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum nyob twj ywm saum lub hauv av ntawm ib tug nyob deb li ntawm 5 cm Tus pit yog them nrog lub ntiaj teb, thiab cov nroj tsuag yog shaken rau evenly faib lub ntiaj teb. Tom ntej, lub pob tw yog khi rau ib tug peg thiab poured tshaj 2 thoob dej. Thaum kawg, sab saum toj txheej yog mulched nrog humus thiab compacted me ntsis. Txhua txhua 3 hnub tom qab cog tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau ywg dej kom txog li 4 thoob dej. 
Saplings nrog lub ntiaj teb los yog nyob rau hauv ntim cia li muab tso rau hauv ib lub qhov thiab them nrog lub ntiaj teb.
Rov qab: qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov qhov dej yuav tsum yog 3 m.
Lub caij ntu saib xyuas
Cultivation ntawm "Golden Delicious" forces gardeners rau ration tus naj npawb ntawm ovaries thiab paj, raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo shrink nrog ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv. Thiab cov ceg ntoo ua dhau los ntawm kev kub nyhiab. Tab sis cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau, uas nws hauj lwm yog ib tug zoo sau thiab noj qab haus huv ntawm tsob ntoo. Txij li thaum lub caij nyoog saib xyuas nws yog nyob ntawm seb qhov saj thiab qhov hnyav yuav ua apples.
Koj puas paub? Chisato Ivasagi, ib tug Nyij Pooj, tau loj hlob hauv lub Ntiaj Teb xyoo 2005: 1.85 kg ntawm qhov hnyav.
Kev tu xyuas av
Tom qab cog cov ntoo yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm tshem tawm cov nroj. Nws yog tsim nyog rau dej tsob ntoo ib zaug ob peb zaug hauv ib lub xyoo, tsis nco qab, vim hais tias qhov no ntau yam tsis nyiam drought. Thawj watered ua ntej blooming buds, ces tom qab flowering nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 3 lub lis piam, ua ntej harvesting rau 3-4 lub lim piam, thiab, thaum kawg, thaum lub sij hawm nplooj ntoos.
Yuav kom loosen cov av yog qhov tseem ceeb txhua lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsob ntoo tseem hluas. Mulching yog nqa tawm tom qab watering, cog, nyob rau hauv thiaj li nce lub tawm los. Rau qhov kawg no, nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm tsob ntoo nrog ntsuab chiv. Lub voos kheej-kheej tau ntawm 30 cm mus rau 1.5 m. Nws yog qhov zoo rau sow nasturtium nyob rau hauv lub tsob ntoo kua raws li ib tug ntsuab fertilizer. 
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Yuav kom thov tus sau, cov av yog tas li pub nrog cov organic teeb meem thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv. Txhua txhua xyoo ua manure los yog compost. Manure yog nkag tau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, tej zaum nrog ntxiv ntawm superphosphate thiab poov tshuaj ntsev. Ob zaug ib xyoos, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn, nitrogen chiv yog thov, nws yog tau superficially. Qhov tshuaj tov urea yog xav tias yog hnav khaub ncaws zoo rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav;
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv
- Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tsuag nrog "Topaz" rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm powdery mildew, tom qab flowering tshuaj tooj copper oxide yog haum. Koj tseem tuaj yeem noj tus ntoo phosphate thiab potash chiv.
- Brown spotting muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau los ntawm watering lub av moderately thiab tas li, thiab zoo li khawb cov av ua ntej lub caij ntuj no.
- Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm scab tseem ceeb sanitization ntawm ceg.
- Pests, zoo li cov kab mob, yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev tiv thaiv.
- Carbofos tiv thaiv tawm tsam ntsuab aphids. Thiab koj yuav txuag tau ib tsob ntoo los ntawm ib lub kua txiv qaub, tearing lub qub daim tawv los ntawm nws thiab txau qhov chaw nrog kev daws ntawm Karbofos. Ntsuab aphids thiab kua mites yuav muab pov tseg los ntawm burning foliage.
- Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub plhaub taum dawb hau, lub cev thiab cov qub ntoo raug tso tawm los ntawm cov laus cov tawv ntoo.
- Ib 3% nitrofen tiv thaiv cov ntawv sau. Los yog koj siv tau prophylactic nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua ntej blooming ntawm ob lub raum.
Nyeem ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas nrog rau xws li ib tug Kab Tsuag ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua raws li lub kua moth.
Cropping thiab crown tsim
Kev tsim cov khoom ua lag luam yog tsim nyog, thiab yuav tsum tau muab cov duab zoo li no kheej kheej. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws uas yuav ua tau yog ua kom thinning, rejuvenation los ntawm pruning thiab sanitary tu. Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov loj hlob loj hlob thiab ceg ntsug, cais dhau xyoo. Tag nrho cov no yuav cia ntau yam kom tiav.
Koj tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv thiaj li kom tshem tawm khov ceg, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, qhuav thiab rotted. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, pruning yog ua tau thiaj li hais tias lub teeb yog muaj rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tom qab Frost pruning tsis tau.
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txias thiab nas
Lawv khawb cov av hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thaum caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, fertilize nws thiab dej nws. Pristvolnye voj voog mulch. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog whitened nrog av nplaum, thiab qub ones nrog txiv qaub yuav ntxiv nrog tooj liab sulfate thiab wood kua nplaum.
Yuav tiv thaiv cov nas thiab raws li txoj kev rau rwb thaiv tsev, lub pob tw yog dawb thiab npog nrog txhua yam uas yuav pab tau: daim ntawv, daim ntaub, nplooj ntoos, ceg ntoo ntawm spruce. Nws yog qhov zoo los siv polyethylene ua npuas ncauj rau yeeb nkab thaiv. Ua ntej lub caij ntuj no nws yog zoo dua kom sov lub nroj. Txawm hais tias lawv hais tias nws yog txias-resistant, nws tseem hlub tshav kub. Thaum lub sij hawm thaw nws yog tsim nyog los compact lub snow nyob rau hauv lub cheeb ntawm lub log lub voj voog.
Raws li txoj cai, Golden Delicious, uas tau kov yeej tag nrho lub ntiaj teb, txhua xyoo yuav muab koj tsev neeg nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab thiab ntau yam kev npaj los ntawm lawv. Txaus siab rau!
