Mus rau hnub tim, ntau ntau yam ntawm pears ntawm lub caij ntuj no kom loj hlob nrog txawv saj zoo tau tsim. Ib ntawm lawv yog cov ntau yam "Kyrgyz Lub Caij Ntuj Sov", uas tuaj yeem loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov huab cua txias. Txawm li cas los, kom tau ib tus neeg nplua nuj, koj yuav tsum ua raws li ib co kev cai rau kev cog ntoo thiab caij nyoog ntawm cov ntoo.
Hauv keeb kwm
Cov pear ntau yam "Kyrgyz Winter" yog tsim los rau cov cheeb tsam uas cov huab cua puag rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog ntoo loj heev. Nws tau ntawm Kyrgyz breeders by hla ob ntau yam: "Hav zoov kev zoo nkauj" thiab "Lub caij ntuj no Bere".
Koj puas paub? Txog pear twb paub txog 1000 xyoo BC. Nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe, lub txiv pear pib nthuav dav nyob rau hauv XIX caug xyoo, thiab nws coj tuaj rau Kiev ntawm Byzantium.
Kev piav qhia thiab txawv txav ntawm ntau yam
Thaum piav txog pear ntau yam "Kyrgyz Winter" peb muaj peev xwm hais tias nws qhov loj tshaj plaws yog qhov peev xwm loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog huab cua cov huab cua thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muab high yields.
Ntoo
Tsob ntoo ntau yam "Kyrgyz Winter" yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov nram qab no nta:
- qhov nruab nrab tsuas muaj pyramidal, tsis thickened crown puab; nyob rau hauv Autumn nws plhuav foliage;
- Nws yog grafted nyob rau hauv nruab nrab rootstock quince thiab muaj ib tug branched paus system mus tob rau hauv av;
- cov nplooj yog oval nyob rau hauv cov duab, me ntsis elongated thiab taw thaum kawg, sab nraum lub xim yog ntsuab nrog ib tug glossy sheen, sab hauv nws yog grey-ntsuab;
- nyob ntawm seb cov kab mob climatic ntawm cog, flowering tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis los sis Tsib Hlis. Lub paj yog dawb, heev fragrant, mus txog 3 centimeters nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, uas yog sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv txhuam los ntawm 3 mus rau 9 pieces;
- ua ntej thawj zaug ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshwm, cov ceg yuav tsum raug muab khi tshaj 60 ° thiab kom txog thaum lawv tus kheej muaj qhov chaw;
- qhov ntau yam yog nws tus kheej-fertile, tab sis rau zoo dua pollination koj yuav tsum tau cog ntau tsob ntoo nyob ze;
- tsis khov thaum ntub khov nab kuab txaus;
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv zoo mob li 30 xyoo, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tso rau kolchatkah;
- cov ntoo tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm scab, thermal burns thiab kab mob cancer;
- hlob zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv temperate latitudes.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Ntaus:
- loj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, hnyav li 250 grams;
- ua zoo li qhov sib xyaw;
- ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog lub teeb ntsuab, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tag nrho kom loj hlob, cov xim hloov mus nplua nuj daj nrog ib tug liab blush tag nrho tshaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- lub pulp yog muaj kua xem cream-daj, ntom, granular nrog ib tug tart thiab ntxiag saj;
- pears ripen nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj;
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo tso rau kev thauj mus los thiab muab khaws cia rau hauv lub tub yees kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tau high-zoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lub caij ntuj no pear ntau yam yuav tsum ripen rau 90 hnub ntawm ib tug kub tsis siab tshaj 10 ° C.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub seedlings
Varietal seedlings yog zoo tshaj plaws yuav nyob rau hauv nurseries los yog khw muag tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum them sai sai:
- tsos - ntxuav tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm kev qaug zog. Nco ntsoov xa ib daim ntawv lo qhia tias hom thiab qhov kev piav qhia ntawm thaj chaw loj hlob;
- paus system - Tsob ntoo yuav tsum muaj txog li 5 lub ntsiab thiab 3 lub hauv paus hniav ntxiv nrog ib qhov ntev ntawm yam tsawg 0.3 meters. Lawv saib kaj, tsis muaj rot thiab ntau yam kev loj hlob.
Xaiv qhov chaw zoo
Txij li thaum cov pears no mus rau thaum ntxov ripening ntau yam, nws yog ib qho zoo los siv lawv los tsim lub thiaj li hu "intensive tsev vaj". 
Cov kev cai rau qhov chaw uas nws yuav tawg yog:
- lub tsev kawm ntawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm lub hnub - txawm hais tias pear loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntxoov ntxoo, tab sis nws yuav tsis dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj;
- cog zoo dua ntawm toj thiab slopes, nrog tob av, raws li keeb kwm ntawm tsob ntoo tuaj yeem ncav lub qhov tob ntawm 8 metres;
- tuab fertile txheej ntawm av, nrog tuab loam qab. Pear loj hlob tsis zoo ntawm hnyav thiab xuab zeb xau;
- lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua ntsawj;
- Yog tias ua tau, xaiv ib qhov chaw rau kev tsaws rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sab hnub poob los yog sab qab teb sab hnub poob.
Qhov chaw npaj
Ua ntej cog lub pears, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau nqa tawm kev npaj ua hauj lwm, uas yuav ces pab lub seedlings kom sai sai paus hauv ib qho chaw tshiab. 
Lawv muaj ob peb theem:
- rau Autumn cog aub tsiv yog npaj rau lub hlis, thiab rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav - txij li thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Nws loj nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm seedling - lub annuals xav tau ib lub tob ntawm mus txog 0.5 meters, ob lub xyoos txog li 0,7 meters. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm lub qhov tsoo yuav tsum xis nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm cov keeb kwm;
- Lub voj voog ntoo yog tsav mus rau hauv qhov chaw, hnia saum toj av los ntawm yam tsawg 0.5 meters. Nws yuav yog tus yug ntawm lub neej tom ntej sapling;
- Fertilizers yog piled rau hauv qab - ammonium nitrate thiab superphosphate mus txog ob kilograms nyob rau hauv tag nrho (yog chiv yog nyob rau hauv granules, koj yuav tsum tau siv ib kilogram). Peb nco ntsoov cov organic teeb meem - tsis pub tshaj 10 kilograms. Yog hais tias qhov aub tsiv yog npaj rau ntawm av av, koj yuav tsum ua kom ib nrab-thoob ntawm peat;
- 60% ntawm lub siab yog fertile av, thiaj li hais tias keeb kwm tsis nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog chiv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov chiv kom tsis txhob siv ntau tshaj qhov qub, raws li ib qho kev overdose yuav ua rau cov hauv paus hniav kub thiab lub yub yuav tuag.
Cov kauj ruam ruam-tawm-kauj ruam rau cog seedlings
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua txoj kev ua ke no - ib qho ua rau ntawm sapling vertically, thiab lwm yam ua txhua yam haujlwm. Tus txheej txheem ntawm cog pears yog raws li nram no:
- Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sapling lub hauv paus pib yog txiav nrog ib tug pruner ntse thiab immersed rau ob peb feeb nyob rau hauv ib lub kua nplaum kua rau zoo impregnation;
- Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm aub tsiv, ib lub me me mound yog tsim, uas lub npaj cog qoob loo ntsia, tas ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm kev txhawb nqa clogged;
- Lub keeb kwm yog evenly faib nyob rau hauv qhov aub tsiv tsis muaj khoov thiab tawg, qhia downwards;
- Ua tib zoo poured mus rau hauv txheej ntawm npaj av, me ntsis tamping nws. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog txhua ntxiv lub seedling yog shaken, tswj ib txoj hauj lwm ntsug. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm cov huab cua ua pa nrov nrov. Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum yog 4 centimeters saum av;
- Plentifully sau tus aub tsiv nrog dej kom nws ua kom soaks cov av. Thaum no tsob ntoo nyob hauv qab no, thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub caj dab ntog mus rau theem ntawm cov av. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev cog qoob loo;
- Pruning yog nqa tawm ntawm ib qhov siab txog li 0.8 meters rau ib lub yas rau ib lub raum uas tau loj hlob zoo. Yog hais tias muaj kev tua ntawm ib qhov siab txog li 50 centimeters, lawv raug tshem tawm tag nrho;
- Tsob ntoo yog khi rau ib qho kev txhawb nqa, thiab lub cev pob zeb yuav tsum tau mulched los khaws ntub.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias lub keeb kwm yog txiav incorrectly ua ntej cog, tsob ntoo yuav mob rau ib lub sij hawm ntev thiab noj paus nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshiab. Nyob rau hauv ib lub xyoo seedlings, lub ntsiab keeb kwm yog txiav mus rau ib tug tuab ntawm 2 millimeters, biennial mus rau ib tug tuab ntawm 4 millimeters. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau cov hauv paus hniav kom sai tau dej thiab cov kev muab tshuaj.
Lub caij ntu saib xyuas
Tus neeg twg uas hlob Qus Lub Caij Ntuj No Lub caij ntuj no pear ntoo ntawm ib zaj dabneeg ntshe xav ua kom muaj tus nplua nuj. Caij ntuj ua haujlwm rau qhov no yuav tsum:
- nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov av;
- nyob rau hauv raws sij hawm fertilizing nrog chiv;
- hauv kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm;
- nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm lub crown ntawm cov ntoo;
- npaj lawv rau lub caij ntuj no.
Kev tu xyuas av
Txij li thaum no pear yog ib lub caij ntuj no ntau yam, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov dej tsis xav tau, tab sis drought tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig.
Ua kom cov tub ntxhais hluas ntoo yog tsim nyog txhua txhua 8-10 hnub, pouring mus txog 15 liv dej nyob rau hauv hauv paus. Rau cov neeg laus cov nroj tsuag, txoj kev ua no yog ua tiav txhua ob lub lim tiam nrog ntxiv rau ntawm 30 liters dej hauv lub qia. Thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib ripen, watering nres ua ntej sau.
Cov hauj lwm no yog nqa tawm thaum yav tsaus ntuj, thiab hnub tom qab, yog li hais tias cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm cov ntoo tsis keej, nws yuav tsum tau loosened. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsis yog qhib cov pa oxygen rau lub hauv paus xwb, tab sis kuj cia koj tshem cov nroj tsuag uas tshwm hauv cov ntoo.
Kawm koj tus kheej nrog cog qoob ntawm cultivars: Otradnenskaya, Lada, Fairy Tale, Veles, Rogneda, Nika, Talgar Beauty, Duchesha, Petrovskaya, Severyanka, Avgustovskaya dew, Kokin, Bryansk Beauty, Thumbelina, Hera, Klapp tus nyiam, Marble, Tenderness.
Yuav kom tsis txhob noo noo ntawm evaporating sai sai los ntawm hauv av, av mulching yog siv los ntiab nws. Raws li mulch, koj muaj peev xwm siv tej khoom, xws li peat los yog sawdust, muab nws nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm mus txog 10 centimeters.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Rau kev loj hlob zoo thiab fruiting ntoo tas yuav tsum tau fertilizer. 
Yog hais tias lub nplooj pib tig daj, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib poob, thiab pear nres nres - nws tsuas yog lacks nitrogen. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo bud yog tsis zoo, thiab ces, feem, muaj tsis muaj pears - tsob ntoo yog deficient nyob rau hauv phosphorus. Txem nplua txhua xyoo tua kev loj hlob - poov tshuaj yog lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov no.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo tsuas yog pub nrog nitrogen chiv, thiab cia li cog seedlings rau ob xyoos tsis xav tau kev pub ntxiv.Cov chiv kom txaus yuav tsum:
- Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ib tug liab qab urea yuav tsum tau kho nrog urea daws. Yog tias qee qhov laj thawj no tsis tau ua, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau thov nitrogen chiv mus rau cov av. Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov tov ntawm urea (ib 10 liv dej, 600 grams tshuaj), ntsev (30 grams rau 1 square meter) los yog tov ntawm nqaij qaib quav (1:20);
- tom qab flowering nyob rau hauv lub ntuj May organic teeb meem nkag tau rau hauv cov av mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 10 centimeters. Koj muaj peev xwm hloov qhov kev daws ntawm nitroammofoski nyob rau hauv ib qho ratio ntawm 1: 200 - 30 liv nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo. Xws li kev pub mis yuav ua kom lub caij cog qoob zog thiab txhim kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yav tom ntej.
- nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub rau hli ntuj, foliar kho nrog nitrogen-muaj chiv yog tsim nyog;
- nyob rau hauv Lub Xya Hli, lwm txoj kev kho, thiab tom qab 15 hnub rau cov ntoo, cov phosphorus-potassium additives yog faus hauv av ib ncig ntawm lub cev;
- kom txog thaum thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, koj muaj peev xwm muab tshuaj tsuag ntawm urea (raws li nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm ib tug liab qab liab). Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, tsuas yog tsuas yog pob zeb hauv av chiv raug siv rau cov av. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev daws yog ib tug tablespoon ntawm poov tshuaj chloride thiab ob spoons ntawm superphosphate ib thoob dej. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag muaj pub ntoo tshauv rau kev khawb ntawm tus nqi ntawm 130 grams ib square meter.
Kev tiv thaiv txau
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, txau tawm los ntawm kab mob thiab awakening kab yog nrog nrog thawj noj, uas yog nqa tawm ntawm ib tug liab qab bare. Yog tias ob lub raum muaj o tuaj, carbamide tuaj yeem hlawv lawv, thiab lawv yuav tuag - nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav tsum tau siv biologics tau npaj tseg xws li Fitoverma, Akarina thiab lwm tus. Yuav ua rau kom cov kab mob ntawm cov ntoo ua rau cov nyom, qhov tshwm sim zoo yog muab los ntawm cov kua "Zircon" lossis "Ecoberin".
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, cov ntoo yuav tsum tau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm larvae ntawm beetles, uas nkaum los ntawm txias nyob rau hauv tawg nyob rau hauv lub bark thiab ntiav nyob rau hauv hauv av. Nroj tsuag thiab hauv av ib ncig ntawm lub cev yog siv cov tshuaj "Nitrofen" los yog ib-feem pua Bordeaux sib tov. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, tus qauv txhawm rau ntawm cov ntoo uas muaj cov kab uas muaj cov kab yas qis.
Cropping thiab crown tsim
Yuav kom muab cov khoom siv rau hauv lub duab ntawm ib lub pyramid yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Daim ntawv no yuav tsum tau tsim, pib ntawm ob xyoo ntawm lub neej cog. 
Cov txheej txheem no yog ua tiav raws li nram no:
- tom qab cog lub seedlings txiav txim siab lub skeletal ceg, tus so yog muab tshem tawm. Tus neeg saib xyuas lub ntsiab yog txiav rau plaub feem plaub qhov ntev thiab ntxuav zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab thawj theem ntawm cov ceg;
- nyob rau hauv ob xyoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub pob tw yog txiav los ntawm 20 centimeters, thiab ceg ntoo skeletal raug txiav los ntawm tsis tshaj 5 centimeters thiab ncab lawv nrog ib tug hlua, yog li lub kaum ntawm inclination yog 60 °. Yuav tsum muaj ob lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo tua tsiaj ntawm cov ceg ntoo loj;
- txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, sanitary pruning ntawm ceg yog nqa tawm, tshem tawm cov sib tw ceg loj hlob vertically hauv lub crown, intersecting thiab tawg. Xyoo tas los txoj kev loj hlob yog txiav rau 1/3 ntawm qhov ntev;
- nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, lawv kuj txiav qhuav, tawg thiab mob cov ceg. Tshaj loj yog kho tam sim ntawd nrog kev sib tw ua si.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum pruning pear ntoo yuav tsum tau siv tus ntaiv, vim hais tias cov ceg ntawm nroj tsuag yog heev yooj yim thiab sai sai ua txhaum.
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txias thiab nas
Txij li thaum no pear ntau yam yog frost-resistant, cov ntoo tsis xav tau lub caij ntuj no vaj tse, tab sis lub bark ntawm cov ntoo yog khoom noj rau cov nas thiab hares. Yog li ntawd, thiaj li khaws cia nws, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los khi lub pob tw mus rau ib qhov siab txog li 1 meter nrog ib tug cordon ntim los yog daim ntaub, yav dhau los soaked nrog cov tub rog deterrent. 
Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau ntim cov ceg ntoo thiab muab xauv nrawm nrawm, nws yuav yog ib qho txhim khu kev qha tiv thaiv tsis tsuas yog los ntawm cov tsiaj nyaum, tab sis kuj los ntawm Frost. Earthen clod ib ncig ntawm lub cev yuav tsum tau peated los yog peeled nrog ib tug txheej ntawm 15 centimeters. Tom qab lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, koj yuav tsum tau kos kom nws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub koog pov tseg rau daim ntawv snowdrift.
Koj puas paub? Qhov kho thaj chaw ntawm pears twb paub 5,000 xyoo dhau los thiab tam sim no lawv yog siv dav nyob rau hauv tshuaj tshuaj kom txo tau qhov kub, nrog mob plab, raws li ib tug diuretic.
Paub nrog pears xws li "Lub caij ntuj sov no", koj tuaj yeem thaj chaw muaj ntau yam ntawm koj qhov chaw. Tsob ntoo yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntau ntau hauv cov kev saib xyuas thaum lub caij nyoog. Yog hais tias koj ua fertilizer rau lub sij hawm, dej, nqa tawm kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob los ntawm pests, ib tug loj cov qoob loo ensured. Txij li thaum pears zoo khaws cai, koj yuav muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab ntawm lub rooj mus txog rau thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
