Lub caij ntuj sov yog lub caij nyoog ntawm harvests thiab siab dav khoom plig ntawm qhov. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no hais tias peb sim rau kev txaus siab rau qhov zoo kawg saj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thiab yog hais tias lawv loj hlob nrog lawv tus kheej tes, lub Library nce ntau zaus. Yog li ntawd, breeders yog sim coj lub feem ntau unpretentious thiab fruitful ntau yam. Thiab ib qho ntawm tej khoom plig rau gardeners yog ib tug pear ntau yam "Alenushka" ("Thumbelina"), qhov kev piav qhia ntawm uas peb tuaj ntxiv.
Yug me nyuam
Pear "Thumbelina" - cov creation ntawm Lavxias teb sab breeders. Nws tau ntawm lub koom haum tshawb fawb ntawm Russia los ntawm txoj kev hla kev sib tw ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws Russia ("Bere Zimnaya Michurina") nrog rau ntau hom teb ("Forest Beauty", "Josephine Mechelnskaya", "Triumph Zhoduani", "Anjou Beauty", "Duchess Angouleme", " Lub Sij Hawm Lub Caij Tshiab "," Kev Kho "," Saint-Germain "). Coj ib qhov project Yu.A. Petrov thiab N.V. Yefimov.
Nyob rau hauv lub lig 90s, ntau yam raug xa mus rau lub xeev xeem, tom qab uas nws tau pom zoo kom loj hlob nws nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab nyob rau hauv Central cheeb tsam ntawm Russia.
Lub npe ntawm ntau yam yog vim tus me me ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tsob ntoo nws tus kheej. 
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau tiam 17th century, txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm pear hu ua oily txiv hmab txiv ntoo vim nws cov qauv muag.
Kev piav qhia thiab txawv txav ntawm ntau yam
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txhua kab lis kev cai zoo sib xws thiab cov neeg tsis paub tab zoo li lawv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ntau yam muaj lawv sib txawv.
Ntoo
Pear "Thumbelina" - qaug zog qis (txog 1.5 meters) deciduous ntoo nrog sparse, npawv, me ntsis drooping crown.
Cov ceg yog nruab nrab xim av-xim av, tawm los ntawm pob tw ntawm ib txoj cai kaum.
Lub foliage yog medium loj, tus, nrog me ntsis tsa serrated sawv. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tsob ntoo blooms nrog me me snow-dawb ob-headed terry paj.
Cov ntoo pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsuas yog 6-8 xyoo. 
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam yog me me - on nruab nrab 50-60 g. Qhov zoo yog luv luv-pometic. Thaum lub sij hawm ripening pears ua Golden daj, lub ntsiab feem ntawm qhov saum npoo yog ntawm ib tug fuzzy crimson-liab hue.
Cov tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug pear ripe yog nyias, tus, nrog me ntsis noticeable subcutaneous specks.
Peb pom zoo kom koj paub txog ntau hom pears xws li: "Tenderness", "Rosschanskaya dessert", "Century", "Suav pear", "Krasulya", "Bergamot", "Just Maria", "Elena", "Forest Beauty", "Nika "" Nco ntsoov ntawm Yakovlev "," Cov menyuam yaus "," Avgustovskaya dew "," Chizhovskaya "," Ussuriyskaya "," Veles "," Talgar beauty "," Rogneda "thiab" Otradnenskaya ".
Rau lub pulp ntawm ripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm xws ntsuas li:
- kev sib tw;
- rhiab;
- aroma;
- lub teeb ci;
- muag heev xim xim.
Ripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm dessert hom, muaj ib qho incredibly Sweet saj, tsis muaj pronounced acidity.Nws tseem ceeb heev! Pears "Thumbelina" tau ntxaum thaum lub caij ntuj nag, txias lub caij ntuj sov.
Tom qab harvesting pears yuav khaws cia rau nruab nrab ib lub hlis thiab ib nrab. Yuav kom ntau li ntau tau, txiv hmab txiv ntoo khaws lawv cov tsos rau hauv lub tub yees, cellar los yog lwm qhov chaw txias txog li ntawm 113 hnub, i.e. Koj tuaj yeem noj tshais rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom txog thaum nruab nrab Lub Ib Hlis.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ripening pear "Thumbelina" yog hais txog nruab nrab-lub caij - lub qoob loo raug muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv Autumn, nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, lawv yooj yim tsiv tawm ntawm cov ceg thiab txawm pib crumble.
Tus sau yog nruab nrab, tiam sis tsis tu ncua - qhov nruab nrab, cov laus ntoo tawm los ntawm 172-175 centners ib hectare.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub pear hu ua "pear". Keeb kwm qhia hais tias lub npe no tau tshwm sim vim yog tus cwj pwm ntxig thaum muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub seedlings
Hauv kev txiav txim rau tsob ntoo kom zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xaiv txoj kev cog cog kom yog. Ua zoo dua hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb lossis chaw tu neeg. Nws yuav tsum yog ib los yog ob lub xyoos noob seedlings nrog tsim keeb kwm. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub hauv paus qis: nws yuav tsum ua kom zoo, tsis pom kev puas tsuaj. Yog hais tias muaj nplooj rau tsob ntoo, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, vim hais tias lawv ceev cov txheej txheem ziab ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Noob bark yuav tsum du thiab supple. Shriveled bark hais tias lub seedling yog twb ziab tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj 4-5 ceg nyob rau hauv pob tw.
Xaiv qhov chaw rau ntawm qhov chaw
Cov pear hlob tsuas yog on fertile, xoob av nrog tob av. Qhov zoo acidity yog nruab nrab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw uas nws tau npaj los cog qoob loo yuav tsum muaj hnub ci thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm cua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! On pluag, nrog high acidity thiab ntub av, pear yog nyuaj rau hloov thiab feem ntau tsis kam dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Txij li thaum lub pear "Thumbelina" yog nws tus kheej-tsim, nws xav tau pollinators - lwm yam ntau ntawm pear ntoo.
Npaj ua hauj lwm ua ntej yuav tsaws
Lub cuabyeej uas koj npaj yuav cog ib lub txiv pear, ntxuav los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab khawb.
Rau cog seedlings npaj pits 80 cm tob thiab txog ib tug Meter dav. Stepping rov qab 30 cm ntawm qhov chaw, ib ceg txheem ntseeg raug tsav mus rau hauv lub qhov, uas yuav txhawb nqa tsob ntoo thiab cia nws loj hlob zoo.
Nyob rau hauv txhua qhov ua rau ib tug me me ntawm lub ntiaj teb, 8-10 kg ntawm compost los yog rotted manure, superphosphate (50 g), potash ntsev (30 g). 
Cov kauj ruam-ua-theem txheej txheem ntawm cog seedlings
Seedlings yog cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, thiab zoo dua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ces hauv paus system yuav muaj lub sij hawm mus noj thiab nce lub zog ua ntej qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias. Yog hais tias tus cog twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, lub cuttings yog cog thiaj li hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm hloov lub Frost, ua kom them los ntawm ib tug snow cap.
Yog li, tus txheej txheem ntawm cog tsis yog li ntawd nyuab: ib tug txiav yog ntsia nyob rau hauv lub qhov npaj thiab hauv av yog ntxiv muaj, tas li co tuav lub seedling nws tus kheej.
Lub caj dab basal tom qab cog yuav tsum nce 6-8 cm saum toj no hauv av. Tom qab ntawd, lub ntiaj teb yog densely trampled thiab watered nrog 2-3 thoob dej.
Lub cev ntawm tsob ntoo yog khi rau ib tug peg thiab thaum kawg mulch cov av. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias mulch tsis kov lub heev pob tw ntawm tsob ntoo. Yog hais tias muaj ntau tus ntoo cog, qhov deb ntawm seedlings yuav tsum xws li hais tias tus ntoo zus tsis cuam tshuam nrog vegetative kev ntawm txhua lwm yam. Raws li txoj cai, qhov kev ncua deb yog sib npaug ntawm cov ntoo hauv lub cev, tiam sis yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 4 meters.
Koj puas paub? Ua ntej luam yeeb tuaj rau teb chaws Europe, qhuav thiab crushed pear ntoo nplooj raug haus muaj.
Lub caij ntu saib xyuas
Yuav kom pear ua kom zoo thiab txaus siab rau nws cov khoom tsim tau ntau xyoo, nws yuav tsum ua raws li qee txoj cai thiab ua kom yooj yim ntsuas los tu nws.
Kev tu xyuas av
Kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw zoo, ntawm chav kawm, yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis ib qho kev saib xyuas xav tau rau tej av:
- Lub ntiaj teb ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum yog tas li xoob (loosened mus rau ib tug tob ntawm txog 10 cm).
- Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los dej tsob ntoo ib txwm ua. Txuj ci - 2-3 thoob rau ib tug square. meter tsam. Rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo, tus nqi ntawm cov dej yog 1 thoob.
- Ntawm chav kawm, qhov av yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov nroj.
- Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov qoob loo ntawm nroj thiab khaws cia noo noo, cov av yuav tsum tau mulched. Peat, manure, thiab compost yog zoo li mulch. Qhov zoo tagnrho txheej txheej yog 6-8 cm.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Yuav kom sau ib tug zoo sau, cov av yuav tsum tau fertilized. Rau qhov no, thawj 4 xyoo ob peb zaug ib lub caij nitrogen-muaj tshuaj (tshuaj, nqaij qaib droppings, saltpeter) nkag rau hauv av.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nitroammofosk, nkag mus rau hauv cov av nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yuav pab qhib lub vegetative kev.
Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, cov nroj tsuag yuav pub nrog phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj siv foliar txoj kev.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub pear kuj yuav tsum tau yuav fertilized. Ua li no, siv ib qho tshuaj sib tov ntawm poov tshuaj chloride (1 tbsp dia) thiab granular superphosphate (2 tbsp. Spoons), diluted nyob rau hauv kaum liv dej.
Los ntawm thib tsib xyoo ntawm ib tsob ntoo lub neej, chiv yog nkag tau rau hauv grooves tshwj xeeb dug dug ib ncig ntawm perimeter ntawm crown. 
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv
Txawm hais tias no ntau yam yog heev resistant mus rau kis kab thiab kab mob tawm tsam, nws yog tseem yuav tsum tau ua yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntoo. Ua hauj lwm rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Qhov no yuav pab tau zoo:
- "Drug-30" (kho sai sai tom qab daus yaj);
- "Atom";
- "Taum";
- Zolon;
- "Tsaws";
- "Terradim".
Pruning
Yuav kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo noj "Thumbelina" yuav tsum tau ua ntu zus. Lub caij nyoog tshem tawm ntawm cov ceg ntoo ntau dhau kuj tseem yuav cia koj los tsim cov pob txha ntawm cov pob txha uas muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kom muaj tus nplua nuj.
Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txiav thiab pear lub pear thaum lub sij hawm so rau, 2-3 lub lis piam ua ntej pib ntawm loj hlob rau lub caij los yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, tom qab harvesting. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov neeg mob thiab qhuav ceg raug txiav tawm thiab thinned tawm lub crown.
Cov ntuag hlais tom qab txoj kev kho kom zoo raug kho nrog crushed thee los yog lub vaj teb. 
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txias thiab nas
Pear "Thumbelina" yog qhia los ntawm cov yeeb yam xws li lub caij ntuj no hardiness. Cov ntoo zam txawm lub caij nyoog loj tshaj plaws nrog rau te rau hauv -38 ºC. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts tom qab thaw kuj tsis hem hawv no pear (tolerates -25 ºC).
Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem zoo li cas tsob ntoo tolerates txias, nws yog ib qhov zoo dua los npog nws nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nrog cov khoom uas yuav cawm tau ob leeg nas thiab Frost. Ncau ceg ntawm raspberry, hawthorn, juniper thiab fir spruce ceg yog siv raws li vaj tse. Zoo tiv thaiv lub pob tw ntawm reeds los yog sunflower.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob hauv vaj tse cov vaj tse thaum thaw dej yuav tsis yog qhov cua sov.
Sheltering ntoo ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm thawj loj heev frosts. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov tsawg cheeb tsam ntawm lub pob tw kuj tseem saib xyuas, los ntawm scooping lub saum npoo ntawm lub caj dab. Lawv qhwv ib tsob ntoo nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev, muab cov khoom cia rau hauv qab av thiab ces, scooping cov npoo ntawm ntug dej. Yog tias nws siv, nws muab tso nrog koob.
Tej khoom siv los yog vov tsev muaj peev xwm siv tau. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm lub cev yog pre-qhwv nrog hessian los yog lwm yam khoom xyaw. 
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav vaj tse tawm.
Raws li koj tau pom, thiaj li yuav txaus siab rau cov dej qab muaj pears los ntawm koj tus kheej lub vaj koj tsis tas yuav tsum paub txog kev paub txog thiab kev paub. "Thumbelina" yog li unpretentious hais tias ntau xyoo nws yuav zoo siab nrog hosts nrog nws sau.
