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Grapes

Yuav ua li cas hloov thiab tsis puas grapes?

Rau cov neeg koom tes hauv vaj teb thiab horticulture, ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov hloov ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag.

Yog hais tias muaj ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab bushes, ces qhov teeb meem nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntau nyuaj.

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia cov secrets ntawm cov txheej txheem no thiab qhia koj seb koj tuaj yeem tsim tau cov txiv hmab hauv lub vev xaib, uas yog, hloov dua ntais.

Lub sijhawm zoo

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, thawj thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws qhov teeb meem thaum transplanting twg nroj tsuag yuav thaum twg nws yuav ua tau: nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog Autumn? Txawm paub gardeners yuav tsis tuaj mus rau ib qho kev xav, thiab thaum ib co hloov grapes tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lwm tus xav tos kom txog thaum thawj Frost. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub yav tom ntej cov ntaub ntawv, lub logic yog tiag tiag tam sim no, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm cov nroj tsuag yog yuav luag nyob rau ntawm so, uas txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov kev ua yuav npaum li cas yuav tsis yog li traumatic rau nws.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qee lub sij hawm (piv txwv li, thaum tsiv) nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau hloov cov nroj tsuag loj hlob sai heev, yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej no nws raug tso cai thauj cov txiv hmab mus rau qhov chaw tshiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov. Tseeb, yuav kom ua tiav qhov teeb meem no, lub vine yuav tsum tau dug tawm tsuas yog nrog ib lub lump ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab ua tib zoo tsiv.
Yeej muaj tseeb, qhov hauj lwm no yuav ua tiav nrog cov tuaj txog ntawm thawj tshav kub, tab sis tsuas yog ua ntej cov paj so thiab lub zog txav ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov nroj tsuag muaj hnub nyoog 5-7 xyoo raug tso cai rau kev hloov ntshav, thaum cov neeg laus laus tuaj yeem tsis ciaj sia xws li qhov hloov ntawm qhov chaw loj hlob.

Rau transplanting nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub sij hawm zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog Lub Plaub Hlis 25-28, tab sis rau txhua cheeb tsam climatic cov hnub kos yuav txawv me ntsis. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, grapes yog transplanted nyob rau hauv ob ib nrab ntawm Kaum ib hlis, pre-scalded nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshiab nrog boiling dej.

Yuav ua li cas hloov cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo: kauj ruam los ntawm cov lus qhia qhia

Ua ntej transplanting grapes ua ntej txiav txim xyuas qhov chaw tshaj plaws haum rau nws yav tom ntej kev loj hlob. Xav tias qhov no yog ib qho nroj tsuag ntev, nws tsim nyog ua tib zoo xaiv thaj chaw thiaj li tsis muaj teebmeem ntawm cov hmab hauv yav tom ntej.

Koj yuav xav paub ntxiv txog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li "Veles", "Delight", "Lancelot", "Sphinx", "Extra", "Laura", "Talisman", "In Memory of Negrul", "Helios", "Gala" "" Zoo nkauj poj niam "," Chameleon "," Harold "," Lily ntawm lub Valley "," Ruslan "," Miv Fingers "," Kishmish "," Vodogray "," Anuta "," Arcadia ".
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv yuav yog qhov chaw dav thiab qhov chaw tshav ntuj, uas muaj ntoo thiab nroj tsuag, uas yuav pov hwm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov kis ntawm cua txias. Rau xws li ib tug hedge zoo tagnrho gooseberry thiab currant bushes.

Los ntawm cov cuab yeej koj yuav tsum tau ib tug pruner rau pruning ib vine thiab ib tug shovel, thiab manure thiab cov mineral pob zeb yog zoo haum rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tom ntej fertilizer.

Ntxiv kev siv ntawm cov txheej txheem muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:

  1. Kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw cog thiab nws cov puv nrog lub cev sib tov (qhov loj ntawm lub qhov taub yuav tsum ua raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av nkos earthny clod, tom qab uas nws yog ib nrab tau nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm av, ua chiv ntawm pob zeb keeb kwm thiab 6-8 kg ntawm humus).
  2. Kev siv cov txiv hmab hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob (khawb hauv cov nroj tsuag hauv qhov kev taw qhia, sim tsis txhob ua kom cov pob zeb nyob sib ze puas ntsoog, ntawm qhov nruab nrab, qhov tso cai ib ncig ntawm 1 meter).
  3. Kev ua haujlwm grape rhizomes av nplaum thiab poov tshuaj permanganate (alternately diluted nyob rau hauv dej), uas yuav tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm rot thiab ziab.
  4. Tshem cov vine ntau dhau (koj yuav tsum tawm 2 tsho xwb).
  5. Placement ntawm rhizomes nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab aub tsiv (nyob rau ib lub pov toj ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab fertilizer) thiab smoothing tawm txhua yam ntawm nws cov keeb kwm.
  6. Sau qhov aub tsiv nrog lub ntiaj teb thiab txua lub qhov taub nrog cov txiv hmab.
Tsis txhob hnov ​​qab saib xyuas cov kua qaub, uas tuaj yeem sib koom nrog kev pabcuam ntawm rubble lossis tawg cib ntim qis rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov tsaws tsaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib lub yeeb nkab yas yuav muab tso rau nws, me ntsis tilting nws thiab tsiv ib kawg saum toj no hauv av (10-15 cm).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Feem ntau cov yuav, koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm khawb li tag nrho rhizome, vim hais tias ntev ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag feem ntau ncav cuag 1.5 m nyob rau hauv ntev. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib qho teeb meem, tsuas yog muaj zog tshaj thiab tshaj plaws qhov chaw yog rho, los ntawm uas hauv av yog maj mam shaken tawm.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tsiv lub qub txiv hmab, tom qab thawj xyoo tom qab qhov kev tshwm sim no koj yuav tsum tshem tag nrho cov inflorescences los ntawm nws, thiab tom ntej no - tawm tsuas yog 1/3 ntawm lawv. Yog li, lub vine yuav muaj peev xwm rov qab sai tom qab transplanting thiab thov koj nrog ib tug zoo tawm los ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Hloov chaw luv luv

Raws li lub sij hawm uas tus grapes yog transplanted mus rau ib qho chaw tshiab (caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lub caij nplooj zeeg), koj tuaj yeem xaiv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los ua tus txheej txheem ntawm lub luv nrug.

Layering

Yog hais tias koj xav tau hloov transplant txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau tag nrho khawb tawm tag nrho Bush. Rau xws li mob, reproduction yog zoo tshaj plaws haum nrog kev pab los ntawm layering, uas nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav rejuvenate lub nroj tsuag thiab pab rau nws zoo dua ciaj sia taus nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshiab.

Nws yuav pab tau rau koj kom paub yuav txiav li cas kom txiav cov txiv hmab hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yuav ua li cas nrog pests ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yuav ua li cas cog thiab yuav ua li cas pub tau cov txiv hmab.
Txhua yam koj xav tau yog xaiv ib los yog ob lub vines thiab, tau muab lawv, prikopat hauv av nyob ze ntawm niam txiv Bush. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau me ntsis, thiab txhua qhov no yuav ua rau nws tus kheej cov hauv paus hniav. Lub ceg tam sim ntawd tau txais ob qho khoom noj khoom haus: los ntawm lub hauv paus loj thiab ntawm nws tus cag.

Sai li sai tau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg zoo, lawv tuaj yeem raug sib cais los ntawm leej niam thiab, khawb tawm tawm, tuaj yeem paub nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas lawv muaj peev xwm khwv tau zoo. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov no yog siv tsis tsuas yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov chaw txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis kuj, yog tias tsim nyog, hloov mus rau lub tuag Bush los yog rau yug me nyuam ntau yam tshiab (txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv).

Cuttings

Muaj tseeb txhua tus neeg uas xav tias yuav ua li cas hloov cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus rau lwm qhov chaw (tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lub caij nplooj zeeg) nrhiav tau ntawm qhov tau txais cov khoom cog.

Koj puas paub? Cov grapes lawv tus kheej thiab cov khoom raws li nws muaj cov choleretic zoo heev, ua tsaug uas nws yog pab tau rau cov neeg uas muaj kab mob siab thiab gall zais zis (piv txwv li, 100 ml dawb qhuav dej diluted nrog alkaline ntxhia dej hauv 1: 1 piv yuav pab tshem ntawm los ntawm gallstones).
Qhov tseeb, txoj kev ntawm cov vegetative propagation no yog tsim rau kev cog qoob rau ntawm daim zajlus, tab sis yog peb xav tias leej niam tua tau tag nrho tawm thiab tsis tau cog qoob loo ntev, ces qhov kev xaiv ntawm nws "rov qab" yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Tau seedlings los ntawm cuttings, lawv pib mus koom nyob rau hauv harvesting nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, txiav tawm ib tug neeg qhov chaw los ntawm leej niam Bush.

Muaj ntau txoj cai los ua qhov kev ua no:

  • cuttings nrog tua yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 7-10 mm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb;
  • lawv txiav tawm tag nrho cov tua, nplooj thiab antennae, raws li zoo raws li underexposed saum;
  • tsuas yog plaub lub buds nyob rau hauv qhov muab txiav;
  • ib qho kev txiav ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej cog cov khoom yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm ib txoj cai, tsuas yog ob peb centimeters saum toj kawg nkaus sab laug lub raum;
  • nyob rau hauv lub qab yuav tsum muaj peb ntsug nqaij (ntev - 3 cm);
  • txhua qhov tau txais tau yog sau thiab ntsaws raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj qaum;
  • tag nrho kab teeb meem tau muab tso rau hauv dej rau 24 teev, thiab tom qab lub sij hawm no, qaum hauv 5% tov ntawm tooj liab sulphate thiab zoo qhuav;
  • Tag nrho cov kab nrig yog qhwv hauv ib lub hnab yas thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw txias (hauv ib lub txaj los yog txias) rau cia.
Feem ntau, txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog transplanted nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, thiab qhov chaw ntawm leej niam Bush npaj nyob rau hauv Autumn tseem dag kom txog thaum tshav kub tuaj. Yog hais tias txiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cog tau nqa tawm kom raug, ces lub buds sab laug rau ntawm cuttings yuav ua hauj lwm raws li ib qho zoo heev rau lawv cov ciaj sia taus nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov angular txiav ntawm lub sab nrauv thiab cov qis qis seem yuav tso cai rau kev sib hloov cov txheej txheem hauv cov khoom cog.

Soaking lub cog cov khoom nyob rau hauv dej thiab nws ntxiv ua nrog siv ntawm tooj liab sulphate tsim lub nutrient reserves uas tseem ceeb heev rau grapes thaum hibernation, thiab them nrog yas yuav tiv thaiv lub cuttings los ntawm Frost.

Nws yuav ua tau cog qoob loo hauv qhov qhib av nrog rau cov tuaj txog ntawm thawj tshav kub, tab sis ua ntej tias lawv yuav tsum tau siv qee lub sij hawm me me rau hauv cov thawv me me (khob) uas lawv tuaj yeem hloov tau cov av thiab tawm ntawm lub xeev lub caij ntuj no dormancy.

Xws li cov kab tsim tau cov nram qab no:

  • nyob rau hauv lub yas yas iav nws yog tsim nyog yuav ua rau peb qhib (nyob rau hauv qis qhov);
  • ces ncuav ib ob-centimeter txheej ntawm av tov nrog nplooj ntoos humus mus rau hauv qab, ces npog lawv nrog ib tug me me txheej ntawm huv si xuab zeb;
  • nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov uas muaj cov kab sau ua ke, ib qho kev nyuab siab me me yuav tsum tau ua (kwv yees 4 cm) thiab ib qho yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv, los ntawm kev sau nrog lwm 4 cm ntawm av;
  • watering lub yub kom zoo, nws tseem tsuas yog tos kom txog thaum lub keeb kwm tshwm, tom qab uas germinated cog cov khoom yuav tsiv mus rau qhib hauv av (tsis ntxov tshaj qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub kub yuav 0 ° C).
Tus txheej txheem ntawm transplanting cuttings mus rau ib tug mus tas li qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.

Piv txwv li, cheeb tsam no yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug daws ntawm urea thiab me ntsis moistened nrog dej, thiab tom qab ib tug ob-teev nres, nws tseem tsuas yog mus kom zoo zoo av lub npaj cov khoom.

Thaum pom thawj zaug, qhov no zoo nkaus li yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim heev, tab sis txawm hais tias koj yuav tsum npaj kom muaj cov kab tsim nyog, thiab lawv nyob hauv vaj tse, koj tsis tuaj yeem lo lawv rau hauv av, vim hais tias kev ciaj sia nyob rau hauv cov av, tag nrho cov hauv paus yuav tsum nyob zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Koj puas paub? Cov neeg nyob hauv Ltalis thiab Portugal ntsib nrog cov txiv hmab ntawm lub xyoo tshiab. Muaj nws yog txoj kev cai noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lub siab chim, ua kev xav (12 neeg ntaus - 12 txiv quav ntswv - 12 xav tau).

Cov cai tswj kev tu kom zoo dua qub

Yuav kom nce lub ceev thiab zoo ntawm cov ciaj sia ntawm koj cov nplooj ntsuab, koj yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej hom dej - nrog rau kev xa kua mus rau hauv paus system. Ua li no, txawm tias nyob hauv cog qoob loo, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los saib xyuas cov kua zoo, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lub yeeb nkab yas, los ntawm lub qhov rooj qhib ntawm cov dej uas tau ntim rau nws mus rau cov hauv paus hniav. Qhov txheej txheem no kuj muaj kev ntxim ntxim rau qhov ntxiv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas koj tau txais cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib tug me me av ntawm barley noob yuav muab ntxiv rau hauv paus system nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshiab. Rau cov neeg pluag xau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj cov hlau tsis txaus txaus hauv lawv, tsis txhob khuv xim cov chiv uas muaj lub caij no, thiab koj tuaj yeem tso ob peb rusty nails yav tas los hlawv ntawm tus ceg txheem ntseeg nyob hauv qab ntawm cog cog.
Qhov zaus ntawm kev ywg dej tom qab hloov me nyuam yuav tsum yog 1 lub sij hawm 2 lub lis piam, nyob ntawm qhov muaj los yog tsis muaj nag lossis daus. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, ntau cov dej tau me ntsis txo.

Raws li rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo fertilizer, fertilizing lub transplanted nroj tsuag yuav siv txog 2-3 lub sij hawm tshaj tag nrho lub caij ntuj sov lub caij, nrog li niaj zaus loosening ntawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm Bush (qhov no tsim ib tug ntuj cua txauv ntawm hauv paus system thiab sab nraum lub ntiaj teb). Tam sim no koj paub txhua yam txog thaum twg, yuav ua li cas thiab qhov twg nws yog qhov zoo rau hloov cov txiv hmab hauv koj lub cuab yeej, thiab los ntawm kev nkag siab zoo rau qhov muab qoob loo tso rau hauv lub vaj txiv hmab, koj tuaj yeem lav lawv zoo rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntxiv, uas, tig mus, .

Nthuav Cov Khoom