Cov tswv cuab ntawm cov chaw loj saib feem ntau saib "qhov kev lag luam me me." Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov rooj plaub thaum kev ua haujlwm ua yog lub nra hnyav, thiab lub tsheb laij teb tseem nyob ze rau ntawm qhov chaw. Ntawm chav kawm, kuv xav tau cov khoom siv los pab rau ntau hom haujlwm. Peb kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog kev xaiv ib tug kws lij choj rau ib lub tsev loj hauv lub tebchaws.
Hom ntawm cultivators
Kev ua lag luam muaj ntau hom qauv ntawm ntau hom. Nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau sai sai xaiv ib qho haum aggregate los ntawm no ntau yam, yog li ntawd peb yuav xav txog lub ntsiab hom ntawm xws mechanisms. Cia peb pib nrog lub simplest.
Tes tuav
Cov no yog cov khoom pheej yig tshaj plaws uas txhua tus tuaj yeem siv tau. Lawv muaj cov qauv yooj yim uas tswj kev kho vaj tse. 
Ib qho meej ntxiv yog cov qhov me me uas cia ua hauj lwm hauv txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub vaj (qhov twg cov khoom siv cav tsis yooj yim). Lawv siv rau ntawm Alpine toj, paj txaj, ze ntawm lub laj kab.
Rau cultivating me me thaj av, gardeners nquag siv lub Krot shovel thiab lub Tornado tes cultivator.
Kev pab kiag li lawm los ntawm ob hom:
- Teb (lawv yog lub hnub qub). Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug ncej nrog discs mounted rau nws. Ua tsaug rau nws cov hnub nyoog xaus thiab tsis sib xws, tus kws cog qoob loo zoo mus rau hauv av, nws txhawb nqa thiab tig nws rov qab los. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau muaj xws li ib rab riam phom (cov nroj tsuag kuj tseem siv tib lub sijhawm). Ib tug zoo xaiv rau cov mos mos thiab plantations nrog high beds - cucumbers, qos yaj ywm thiab lwm yam cov qoob loo. Ua hauj lwm nrog lawv yog yooj yim vim qhov ntev kov.
- Rippers. Ib lub cuab yeej rau cov khoom hnyav, clayey thaj av uas ib lub cim hnub qub tsis tau. Lub ntsiab cai yog yooj yim - tib lub kov, tab sis nrog 3-5 curved ntse cov hniav. Thaum ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum ua lub voj voog loj loj thiab khawm kom txo cov cuab yeej no mus rau hauv av, tsis nco qab los rub tawm hauv koj lub tsheb. Lawv tau ua ob qho tib si hauv lub vaj teb (ntev kov, 5 leeg), thiab hnyav, uas yog tsim rau greenhouses - nws muaj peb cov hniav me thiab luv "tus tuav".
Cultivators
Tag nrho cov tuam tsev tsim ntawm qhov no yuav raug muab faib ua cov chav kawm nyob ntawm qhov hnyav thiab lub zog.
Cov tswv lag luam me me, tab sis cov chaw "densely" tsim chaw feem ntau pom cov lus nrawm ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau. Lawv yog cov xyaw 2.5-4.5 hp, thiab qhov nyhav ntawm 20-40 kg.
Rau lub koom haum ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv dacha gardener thiab gardener yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb cov khoom siv: lawn mower, plow, snowthrower.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws "struts" rau tej khoom siv no yog dacha txog li 10 acres nrog lub teeb thiab zoo-groomed av. Raws li ib qho kev xaiv, ib compact hiller feem ntau muaj, txiav rau hauv qhov tsaws qhov.
Ntawm cov kev tsis txaus siab, qhov kev xav tau rau ntau zaus thiab ib hom kab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg hlau tau sau tseg - "Tsiv" tsis muaj qhov nqus pa, lub cav loses nws cov kev pab.
Koj puas paub? Lub legendary "Mole" pib tso tawm ntau tshaj 30 xyoo dhau los. - nyob rau hauv 1983, thawj luam tawm hauv Moscow lub Hoobkas. Ib me ntsis tom qab, ntau lawm mas nyob hauv Omsk.Los ntawm tsev neeg ntawm lub teeb cultivators kuj sawv tawm ib pawg ntawm ultra-me me. Vim lawv qhov loj me me, lawv yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los, tab sis tsis muaj zog (mus txog 3 hp) motors cia li txo qhov tob tob. Rau ib tug neglected vaj teb lawv yuav tsis haum, tab sis rau lub tsev xog paj yuav cia li zoo.
Khoom ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv nruab nrab yog twb muaj hwj chim ntau: 4.5-6 "nees" nrog ib tug qhov ceeb thawj ntawm 40-60 kg. Lawv yuav tiv thaiv cov av av nplaum, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem plough hav txwv vim yog cov cuab yeej yooj yim. Ntawm no (raws li lub teeb pom kev zoo), lub txiav ua si ob txoj haujlwm - lawv loosen thiab txav mus rau lub tshuab tom ntej. Ua ib qho chaw khuam khawm, koj yuav tsum rub lub tsheb rov qab ob peb meters.Facilitates cov hauj lwm ntawm muaj ib tug thim rov qab. Cov txheej ntawm cov khoom siv kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb - ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom siv li niaj zaus, nws muaj xws li tshuab xam zauv, txuag thiab lub plough.
Qhov "saum toj" ntawm cov qauv ntau ntawm txhua hom yog hnyav aggregates (txog 9 hp). Nyob rau hauv lawv cov favour, koj tuaj yeem tso rau cov lus sib cav xws li loj zog thiab plowing tob, tau siv raws li lub plough thiab irrigation twj, nrog rau cov khoom thauj. Qee cov qauv ntawm cov ntu no tom qab txuas nrog lub thaij xyuam xim xyuam xim tawm 500-700 kg ntawm cov khoom thauj. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov khoom siv nrog sab hauv combustion tshuab yog tsim los ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov. Thaum tau tsav cov liaj teb hauv lub tsev cog qoob loj, koj yuav raug rhuav tshem cov nroj tsuag nrog rau kev tsim txom.Muaj inconveniences. Qhov no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug ntau ntawm qhov ceeb thawj - los ntawm 60 kg (feem ntau ntawm lawv txawm "dhia" per centner). Qee yam tsis meej pem los ntawm kev noj roj thiab kev ua kom muaj zog. Muaj tseeb tiag, lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom tsim tau ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev rau ntawm cov av twg.
Nws muaj lwm chav kawm - los ntawm hom cav thiab lub zog. Rau qhov no, txhua yam qauv tsim los ntawm hom no yuav muab faib rau cov nram qab no:
- Rechargeable. Rau peb cov npoo nws yog ib qho kev pom zoo. Lub roj teeb yuav tsum tau them kom tiav, thiab tej kev tsis sib haum thaum lub sij hawm "recharge" yuav ua rau txo tau cov kev pab cuam.
- Fais. Cov tsheb zoo, tab sis qhov "ntau" tsuas yog siv rau qhov ntev ntawm txoj hlua. Ua hauj lwm nrog lub vaj teb ze ntawm tsev yog tsim, thaum nyob hauv qhov qhib muaj kev txiav txim siab me ntsis ntawm nws (tshwj tsis yog muaj ib qho hluav taws xob ntawm tes).
- Nrog internal combustion tshuab. Qhov loj tshaj plaws saib. Muaj qhov txhia qhov chaw - los ntawm thaj chaw me me rau cheeb tsam. Cov pawg no yuav tsum saib xyuas zoo, vim tias feem ntau lawv yuav lawv.
Yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav thaum xaiv ib lub cultivator
Cultivators nrog cov combustion tshuab yuav kam cov neeg uas xav tau ceev cov cheeb tsam loj. Tab sis ua ntej nws yuav yog tsim nyog nco txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov khoom, vim nws yog thaum lub sij hawm ntawd koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai thaum xaiv ib tug motolopaty.
Cav
"Lub plawv" ntawm lub unit yuav ua tau 2- los yog 4-mob stroke. Txhua yam ntawm no muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, ob lub hlab ntsha tawg dub:
- Ntau muaj.
- Muaj hwj chim tshaj plaub-tactics ntawm tib qhov loj me.
- Txhim khu kev ntseeg thiab kev tuav pov hwm.
- Pheej yig thaum lub sijhawm pheej yig.
Koj puas paub? Kuj muaj ntau lub "hav zoov" ntau hom kev lag luam, uas tsim nyog rau txoj kev nyuaj tshaj plaws. - abundance ntawm stumps thiab stony xau. Nws yog xav paub tias feem coob ntawm cov koog no yog tsim los ntawm kev dag zog ntawm ib lub tuam txhab, lub Swedish "Bracke hav zoov".Nws yog cov kev siv tshuab uas feem ntau yuav los ntawm cov neeg uas daws qhov teeb meem - xaiv ib qho zoo thiab yooj yim roj av cultivator muab.
Tab sis muaj qee cov nuances. Tej zaum lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog kev xaiv roj thiab muaj peev xwm ua tiav ntawm qhov sib tov. Koj yuav tsum tau roj-roj zoo ("A-95") thiab muab cov roj uas tsim nyog ua kom raws li cov lus qhia. Muaj qee tus tsis quav ntsej txog txoj cai yooj yim thiab ncuav "cuaj caum-thib ob" nrog rau cov roj ntawm lub hwj hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb. Vim li ntawd, tus cultivator mus rau landfill - repairs yog heev kim.Plaub voj voog yog ntau hom nruab nrab thiab hnyav. Lawv yog:
- Muaj ib qho chaw zoo.
- Ua haujlwm quieter thiab ntev dua.
- Tsis tas yuav tsum nres ntev kom txias. Txaus thiab ob peb feeb.
- Nws yog zoo dua mus rau tob tob qhov cutters (cuam tshuam ib tug loj qhov ceeb thawj).
- Tsis tas yuav tsum tau nchuav rau qhov sib tov.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob tuav lub tshuab cog nrog cov txiav nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej - koj yuav tsum tuav tus tes nrog ob txhais tes thiab nrog kev siv zog, tsis nco qab los kho qhov tob ntawm plowing. Lub teeb lub teeb, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav ua tau tshis on khoom hauv av, thiab yuav tsum tau thawb saum toj.Peb twb paub txog kev ncaj qha ntawm kev sib tw ntawm lub cav fais fab. Tab sis nws cuam tshuam lub cheeb tsam ntawm "ntes". Yog li, rau ib ob peb hectares 5-7 hp yuav txaus. Cov chaw loj tshaj (4-5 hectares) yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 9-fais fab cav. Nyob rau hauv lub vaj me me koj yuav tau txais los ntawm nrog 3-4 "nees".
Gearbox
Sib npaug tseem ceeb yog kev hloov ntawm lub zog ntawm lub cav mus rau lub log los yog kev ua hauj lwm los ntawm kev sib koom tes. Ib lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog muab rau lub voj voog - nyob rau ntau qhov kev ntseeg ntawm tag nrho tsev neeg thiab nws cov teeb tsa raws li ib qho yog nyob ntawm nws. 
Kev tawm tsam ntau ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov teeb meem, hom kev txo reducer zoo dua, ib cov duab nrov los yog ib qho me me cab. Peb yuav sim piav, tsis nco qab txog lwm txoj hau kev.
Nta ntawm cov kis tau tus kab mob:
- Nws muab tso rau ntawm lub cav nrog ib txoj kab crankhaft.
- Nws muaj ib qho chaw zoo heev.
- Yuav ua tau los yog sib zog. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los tswj lub tsev no (qhov kev puas tsuaj yuav raug kho nrog koj txhais tes).
- Muaj teebmeem "tsev neeg" teeb meem xws li txhauv thiab pob tsuas tawg. Sprockets kuj tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj, thiab qee kis tau mus txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus tsav tsheb. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov teeb meem no yooj yim tsau.
- Nws muaj qhov hnyav thiab me me.
- Tsuas siv cov qauv ua qauv hnyav xwb.
Koj puas paub? German lub tuam txhab "Bungartz" Xyoo 1937, nws pib tsim fais fab tuag ntev nrog lub cav 8 thiab 10. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog xyoo, lub npe no, txawm tias "kev sau npe", yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv cov Naxis - nws cov thawj coj tsis kam ua kom tiav cov tub rog xaj, tso cov khoom lag luam kom huv.Raws li koj tau pom, nws muaj ob peb qhov zoo, uas tsis tau hais txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm xws li lub iav. Nws tsis kam hnyav loads - lub plough, thiab txawm ntau li ntau, qhov trailer tsis haum lawm. Nrig tsoo iav sai sai, thiab cov zis tawm feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov backlash. "Ntaus" nta yog suav tias yog "kev xav" ua rau kev kub ntxhov thiab kev sib txhuam loj heev.
Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv ntau yam quab yuam - thawb tag nrho txoj hauj lwm, koj tuaj yeem xav tias lub log tsis tig txawm tias thaum lub caj dab tuaj koom. Nws "nyem" kuj tsis tas muab qhov txiaj ntsig.Nws yog ua tau kom pom zoo qhov kev xaiv no tsuas yog rau cov neeg uas yuav kam nrog lub qhov muag pom kev zoo av.
Cov haib tshaj lij muaj peev xwm muaj lub nruab nrog cov iav reducer. Lawv tsis yog ib qho piv txwv pheej yig, tiam sis qhov lawv tau muaj ntau dua. Ua hauj lwm nrog yuav luag txhua yam khoom. 
Tus thawj, tab sis theej tsawg lub iav-saw "hybrid" yog pheej yig dua. Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev cia siab ntawm cov iav ruaj khov thiab yooj yim ntawm cov saw. Yooj yim, tab sis kom ua hauj lwm xws li ib nras uas tsis muaj kev txawj ntse yog qee zaum nyuaj.
Clutch
Tsis muaj cov mechanism zoo li no ua tsis tau nws. Cov tswv yim nram no yog siv:
- Centrifugal automation, zoo ib yam rau ib qho uas tsis siv chainsaws. Siv rau hauv cov pawg neeg hnav, yooj yim hloov hauv cov chaw nres tsheb;
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nug txog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab. High-lub zog steel yog tsim rau lub hom phiaj, thaum lub dag zog yuav tsis ntev ntev.
- Siv txoj hlua khau uas muaj qhov nraub qaum muaj nyob rau ntawm cov qauv hauv nruab nrab.
- Qhov system nrog clutch tso clutch "automotive" hom. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm haib tshaj plaws. Loads muaj cov loj, thiab cov nruas nrog koj cov siv tawv tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kho thiab sib dhos.
Ploughing dav thiab qhov tob
Nws yog ntawm cov tsis muaj cov tswv yim yav tom ntej them sai sai. Cov nuj nqis no yuav txawv nyob ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm tus kws cog qoob loo:
- Cov khoom me me yuav "ntes tau" ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib lub ntsuas nrog 15 loos xoob xoob (micro-models) yuav tsum tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 30 cm, burying mus txog 7-8 cm.
- Li ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub voj voos yuav raug kho rau ib qhov dav ntawm 40-80 cm (rau qee qhov nws nce mus txog 85). Hilling yuav siv qhov chaw ntawm qhov tob ntawm 23-28 cm.
- Heavy versions yog tsim los rau tag nrho ntawm 0.9-1 m thiab ib qhov tob ntawm yam tsawg kawg 30 cm.
Kom tsis txhob muaj peev xwm, nws lub hwj chim raug xaiv raws li nram no:- 1 hp / 20 cm nyem rau plaub-mob stroke.
- 1 hp / 30 cm rau 2-mob stroke.
Muaj kev rov qab
Nws lub xub ntiag yuav yog ib qho ntxiv xwb. Kev hloov ntawm qhov kev hloov yog qhov "privilege" ntawm cov neeg cog qoob loj, txawm tias muaj ob peb lub voj voog nrab los kuj muaj qhov kev xaiv no.
Koj puas paub? Hauv USSR, Mini-pib pib tshwm rau hnub xyoo 1980 - ua ntej lub Olympics, ib lub npib ntawm Czech cov cav tov TZ-4K. Lawv zoo siab tias lawv tau siv txhua qhov chaw: los ntawm kev ntxuav cov kev mus ua hauj lwm hauv thaj chaw.Lub gearbox feem ntau yog tsim rau peb hom: plowing ntawm qis qis (100-150 / min), siab ceev xoob ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag (250-300 rpm) thiab, qhov tseeb, rov qab.
On lub teeb qauv, portable leeg pom tau - lawv tsis xav tau ib qho ntxiv load ntawm kev xa xov, thiab lub zog yuav ua tau manually.
Kov kev sib hloov
Qhov kawg ntawm cov nkhaus pluaj yog cov ntawm cov leeg. Lawv yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev siv cov hlua, kev tsav tsheb thiab kev hloov zog. 
Muaj ob peb yam kev cai rau lawv. Lawv yuav tsum xis nyob (dua li rubberized) thiab nyob rau hauv zoo mob. "Kev sib haum xeeb" thiab cov xoob xoob xoob yog tshem tawm.
Ua ntej koj yuav khoom, saib seb cov cables ntawm txoj hlua tiv thaiv zoo npaum li cas. Ceev nrooj tau muaj av tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyuaj.
Ib qho tseem ceeb thiab raug kho ntawm tus tes kov tsis tau qis qis qis. Piv txwv li, qhov "ncav" clutch cable tuaj yeem kuaj tau tsuas yog thaum tus kov yog lawm - yog tias nws tseem zuj zus lawm thiab lub tsev tseem tabtom tawm mus rau yav tom ntej, koj yuav tau kho qhov teebmeem no (los ntawm kev piv nrog maus taus).
Txuas Khoom
Ntxiv nrog rau tus qauv ntsuas, tus txheej txheem ntawm "canopies" muaj xws li cov cuab yeej xws li:
- Lub zog propashny mills rau qhov chaw hnyav.
- Cov log los yog lub log (rau cov qauv qaum), uas ua kom muaj zog thiab tsis pub "ua txhaum hauv" rau hauv av.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom nkag mus rau hauv lub aisle, ib co tshwj xeeb, yog li-hu ua nqaim cutters yog yuav tsum tau.
- V-zoo li plowshare (hiller), uas chob lub qhov rau cog thiab loosen hauv av ze ntawm nroj tsuag.
- Plows ntawm txawv configurations (ib zaug lossis ob tog).
- Qos dig tawm. Tib plough, tab sis nrog nws tus kheej cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Undermining lub tubers, rub lawv tawm. Nws tsuas yog siv rau cov qauv siv zog.
- Harrow
- Cutters thiab piles rau tu qub nplooj thiab snow.
- Grousers thiab log hnyav.
- Txiav tshuab
- Trolley los yog trailer me me.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog rau cov kev txawj ntse ntawm Neva MB 2, Salyut 100 thiab Zubr JR-Q12E motoblocks.
Cov tswv yim cultivator
Ntxiv nrog rau daim ntawv teev cov cuabyeej li niaj zaus, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav muab lwm yam khoom, "tshwjxeeb" ntau dua. Cov no suav nrog:
- Aerator Ib qho tsis tshua muaj qhov no, tho rau hauv av rau huab cua nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm.
- Ib qho yooj yim rake ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv daim av zoo li ib tug nyom.
- Txiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txiab.
Koj puas paub? Cov txhais tau tias kev lag luam me me nyob hauv lub caij nyoog Soviet muaj nuj nqis heev, thiab nyob hauv ntau thaj tsam lawv tsis muaj. Los xam cov kev xav tau rau lawv, cov tub ceev xwm zoo li Lub Rooj Tsav Xwm Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm thiab Lub Xeev Lub Tuam Txhab Tsim Kho tau muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxaws ntxaug, ua zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv ntsej muag.
- "Kaum" riam rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov ntug ntawm cov nyom.
Nrov tuam ntxhab
Yuav kom tsis txhob "khiav mus rau ib sab laug", them nqi rau cov khoom siv los ntawm cov pov thawj manufacturers. Cov khoom ntawm cov nram qab no hom yog cov neeg nyiam:
- "Mole". Qhov tsim yog paub los ntawm Soviet lub sijhawm. Me-tsuas, yooj yim-rau-tswj qauv, muaj peev xwm ntawm loosening los ntawm 20-25 cm yam uas tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Qhov me me loj cia koj mus thauj cov cuab yeej txawm hauv lub cev ntawm lub tsheb.
- "Neva" tus kav MK-100 tiv nrog loosening, weeding thiab fertilization. Cov hwj huam tuaj txawv teb chaws muaj peev xwm zoo heev. Qhov kev pabcuam txuas lus zoo tsim, yog li tsis muaj teebmeem nrog qhov chaw seem.
- Tarpan. Chav tsev me me muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib tw nrog American-6 Briggs & Stratton, uas ua rau nws ua haujlwm nrog hnyav loams. Ceebtoom tseem muaj "roj" kev ntshaw.
- "Viking". Lub dav hlau axial universal ntawm Austria yog txawv los ntawm ib qho zoo heev haum ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov ntaub ntawv nrog nce zog. Lub cev yog tsim los ntawm ob chav polymer linings, thiab "cab" yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tiv taus. Cov kev sib tiv thaiv kev sib kis tau yog nruab nrog lub ntsuas phoo, uas tshem tawm cov kev ua hauj sim ib sim hauv ob hom. Lub teb chaws analogue ntawm tus qauv 585 yog hu ua "Tarpan".
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txheeb xyuas txhua lub sijhawm muaj cov roj nyob hauv lub vojvoog khoob khawm.
- Danish "Texas " muaj peev xwm coj txhua hom khoom siv thiab kev siv zog nrog tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov sau qoob rau txawv xau. Yuav tsum tau muaj kev saib xyuas zoo - qee cov ntshav yuav tsis yooj yim.
