Ntau npua producers npau suav ntawm muaj npua rau lawv ua liaj ua teb, nrog kev saib xyuas me me thiab kev noj cov nqi, yuav muaj cua zoo thiab muaj kev loj hlob sai. Thiab xws li npua muaj nyob. Karmaly muaj ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov hlab npua. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav qhia txog cov khoom tsim tau thiab cov tsos ntawm cov tsiaj, txog cov kev mob ntawm lawv cov txij nkawm thiab cov hau kev ntawm yug me nyuam zag.
Yam ntxwv thiab yam ntxwv ntawm tus tsiaj
Karmalyas muaj lwm cov cim qhia txawv thiab zoo tsim tau, yog li ntawd lawv yog cov nrov ntawm cov npua breeders.
Tsos
Ib tug ntoo khaub lig ntawm ib tug npua Kws ntaus ntses thiab ib qho Nyab Laj vislobrew tau muab lub ntiaj teb los sib ntsib rau ib hom kab tshiab ntawm cov noog uas hu ua karmaly. Nyob rau hauv tsos, lawv resemble qus boars, uas muaj tsis ntev heev, tab sis curly cov plaub hau. Possess xws li npua ncaj ncees twj ywm. 
Qhov txawv txav ntawm lub kauj vab yog lub me thiab lub taub hau, lub pob ntseg luv, cov ceg tawv luv, cov plaub hau tuab, lub caj dab thiab lub caj dab, lub hauv siab zoo, lub hauv siab thiab nraub qaum, thiab kauj ruam.
Koj puas paub? Cov sau keeb kwm hais tias tus npua yog thawj domesticated nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Thiab nws tshwm sim rov qab rau hauv lub xyoo txhiab yim xyoo BC.
Qhov no hom piglet tau yooj yim rau siab kub. Nyob rau hnub no, lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm txheej rog, thiab cov hnub kub, cov txiv piglets ncig ncig tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Pigs effortlessly cuag ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg tsawg lub sij hawm, uas ua rau npua yug me nyuam ntau npaum. 
Productivity
Lub saj zoo ntawm lub karmales yog qhov txawv ntawm ib qho txawv tshaj plaw thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj ntau yam gourmets zoo li. Qhov no yug ntawm npua muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov nqaij ntshiab nrog tsawg kawg ntawm roj. Txawm yog hais tias tus npua pub ntau roj, lawv tau yooj yim txiav.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog lub nuances ntawm yug me nyuam lwm hom ntawm npua: dawb coarse, Duroc, Mirgorodskaya, red-siv, vislobryusha Vietnamese.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsuas pom qhov txawv ntawm lub pob txha ntawm cov karmala, uas ua rau lawv mus rau 85% ntawm cov nyiaj tau txais txiaj ntsig. Npua yog slaughtered tom qab ib thiab ib nrab xyoo pub. Xws li lub sij hawm tsim nyog rau lub hnab ris mus nce siab tshaj qhov ceeb thawj (txog 200-220 kg). Yog hais tias tus piglets kom ntev me ntsis, ces nws yuav cuam tshuam rau saj ntawm lawv cov nqaij. Nws kuj yog tsim nyog teev hais tias cov txiv neej yeej ib txwm me me me loj dua pojniam. 
Cov khoom tsim tau ntawm cov piglet hom nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm lawv cov fertilization. Tus poj niam karmala muaj peev xwm ua tau 50 plhom ib xyoos twg, nws yog ib qho qhia tau siab heev hauv npua tsiaj qe. Ntxiv mus, tus poj niam yog tus muaj peev xwm pib ntawm nws tus kheej thiab pub nws tus npua nrog mis. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, tus poj niam ntawm lub hnab ris ua rau 20 plhom, uas yug los ntawm ib tug loj loj me me (raws li pom raws li peb-lim tiam Kauslim npua).
Cov khoom tsim tau los kuj tseem ceeb heev vim tias qhov hnyav nce li cas. Tsis pub dhau ib xyoo, tus npua mus txog ib nrab ntawm ib nrab, thiab tom qab ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo, nws qhov ceeb thawj doubles. Tsis tas li ntawd, karmala pom xam nqaij npua, uas muaj tsawg npaum li ntawm rog, uas muab cov nqaij ntawm no npua ib co lean zoo. 
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov yug
Qhov zoo ntawm no yug ntawm npua yog lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Karmaly yuav tsis khawb hauv qab ntseej los yog khawb qhov hauv av. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov npua ntawm karmals pib ua kev sib deev tom qab 8 lub hlis, thiab npaj txhij rau yug, thaum lwm tus poj niam ntawm npua ntawm no lub hnub nyoog tsuas yog reproductive.
Tsis tas li ntawd, yog ib qho zoo ntawm cov piglets zoo li no lawv muaj zog thiab muaj zog ntawm lub cev digestive system, uas muaj peev xwm los zom zaws yuav luag txhua yam khoom noj, thiab qhov no nyeg ncaj qha rau lub sij hawm tsim nyog rau qhov hnyav nce. High frost tsis kam yog lwm zoo ntawm lub karmales. Yog tias koj tawm ntawm cov npua me me ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib hnub, lawv yuav ua kom zoo siab, tsis muaj qhov tsis xis nyob. 
Hybrids muaj xim zoo nkauj heev thaum muaj hnub nyoog. Me me npua tau pleev xim rau hauv lub khob, grey, dub nciab, xim av lossis xim sib xyaw xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, Karmalov qhov cubs muaj cov cwj pwm nyob hauv qab nraub qaum, uas ploj nrog hnub nyoog. Tsis zoo li ntau lwm breeds ntawm npua, Karmalah muaj tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov rog uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov nqaij. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai cov teeb meem nrog cov tsiaj txhu dhau.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov hnab me me, tsis zoo li lwm hom npua, tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj zog "Suiferrovit" raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Muaj tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv cov piglets. Qhov tsuas yog caveat lies nyob rau hauv lawv cov semi-wildness. Qee zaum, thaum tus tswv tau nkag mus rau hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob, npua yuav tawg, tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib qho loj rho tawm. Feem ntau cov karmala yog ib qho ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg feem ntau ntawm npua ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, thiab txhua tus ua tsaug rau lawv cov cwj pwm tsis zoo thiab ua tsis tau rau zaub mov noj thiab kev nyob zoo. 
Yuav ua li cas xaiv kev noj qab nyob npua thaum muas
Yuav cov me nyuam yaus me yog lub luag haujlwm. Txawm hais tias Karmalah thiab nto moo zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv, txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kis tsis zoo los ntawm qog nqaij hlav. Mus yuav ib tug noj qab haus huv piglet, them sai sai rau nws Tail. Nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ntaub plaub thiab tsis lo rau lub cev. Tsis tas li, ib tus ntub ntub dej yuav qhia tau hais tias muaj kab mob hauv lub karmala. Yuav kom tsis txhob confuse ntawm npua ntawm npua thiab yuav tus tsiaj uas koj xav tau, ua tib zoo saib ntawm daim duab ntawm lub karmala, thiab tseem kawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lom ntawm no yug ntawm npua. 
Thaum muas ib tus tsiaj me me koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo mloog nws ua pa. Mumps yuav tsum tsis txhob hlais, vim hais tias hawb pob qhia cov kab mob ntawm lub ntsws, nrog rau tus npua yug tshiab tsis nyob ntev. Nco ntsoov hais tias qhov no yog npua ntawm npua muaj plaub hau loj, txawm tias nyob rau ntawm ib lub hlis muaj hnub, yog li yog hais tias koj tuaj yeem mus yuav ib tug npuav los yog npuaj npau npau npau, ces tsis kam lees.
Nqaij npuas npua yuav siv tau los ua fertilize lub vaj.
Karmals yog npua breeds nrog tsawg kawg ntawm roj, tab sis yog tias koj xav kom txo cov rog txheej heev, ces yuav feem ntau txawb thiab nrov nrov npua, uas muaj zog thiab ntev ceg. Qhov kev ntsuas no yuav yog qhov lees tias qhov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm npua yuav tsum, tsis hais me ntsis, tab sis ntau meaty.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev raug txim
Hom kab npua no tsis tau tshwj xeeb saib xyuas, thiab qhov no txawv ntawm lwm cov npua. Rau cov txij nkawm ntawm karmals, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv ib qho chaw ib ncig (kom ib tug thiaj li hu aviary). Koj tuaj yeem ua rau nws tawm ntawm kab sib chaws, txij li npua li no yuav tsis ua txhaum vim yog lawv txoj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tsim ib qho aviary rau ntawm ib qhov chaw uas muaj ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyom. 
Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tiv thaiv cov npua los ntawm drafts, vim hais tias ntawm lawv tau feem ntau muaj mob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom kho lawv qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm ib qhov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm gusty cua. Nws yog zoo dua tsis ua ntoo ntseej, vim hais tias karmaly heev npaum li nyiam ua ntej paws ntawm lub ntug hauv av ntawm lub qhib-cua tawb, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tawg ntawm qaum sab ntawm lub laj kab.
Piglet Care
Kev kho mob rau hnab ris tsis siv sijhawm ntau ntawm koj lub sijhawm. Cov npua yog cov kab-resistant thiab tsis teb rau feem ntau tus kab mob, lawv tsis tas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho mob anthelmintic tseem raug coj mus. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus npua yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub dab dej da dej, qhov twg koj xav tau tas li ntxiv lub ncuav, uas txuag tau cov neeg hluas los ntawm ntau cov kab mob.
Tshawb kom paub seb vim li cas koj xav tau qhov teeb meem ntawm npua.
Yuav ua li cas pub mis nyuj
Karmalah cov piglets tsis tau tshwj xeeb tu, tab sis nrog rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab zoo, koj tuaj yeem tsa ib tug tsiaj uas yuav muaj cov khoom qab zib thiab cov nqaij zoo heev. Cov khoom noj uas niaj zaus ntawm hom piglets no muaj ntau hom cereals thiab cov tshuaj tshiab, nyob ntawm seb koj hloov cov kab sib lawv li cas hauv kev noj haus, cov nqaij "thaum tawm" yuav txawv heev. 
Koj puas paub? Npua tau kawm nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj.
Yog hais tias cov zaub mov ntawm cov txiv pig tsuas yog cov zaub thiab cov hmoov ntsej muag xwb, ces cov nqaij yuav tawm mus ua phem tsis zoo (los sis tsis yog, lawv yuav tsum tsis tuaj yeem). Ntxiv rau pov tseg porridge los ntawm ntses cov khoom yuav ua tau rau lub fact tias cov nqaij ntawm piglets yuav muab ib tug saj ntawm nqaij ntses nqaij. Oilcake, soybean, ntses mov noj thiab lwm cov khoom noj uas tsis tshua muaj peev xwm txo tau cov nqaij ntawm cov nqaij. Tab sis cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav ua rau kom qhov tseeb tias cov nqaij karmals yuav indescribably muaj kua thiab cua.
Qee lub sij hawm lub peev xwm los noj cov npua uas muaj ntau hom khoom noj tsuas yog tsis muaj, nyob rau hauv xws li mob koj siv tau pub. Tab sis yog hais tias xws li npua yog pub tsuas nrog tov pub, qhov zoo ntawm cov nqaij yuav poob dramatically. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tshaj plaws ntawm karmala txhua hnub yog 70%, tus so yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom cog thiab tsiaj keeb kwm: cov tshuaj tshiab, cov khoom noj siv mis, khoom noj khoom haus. 
Ua ntej pib ntawm loj heev frosts, tus npua xav tau ntxiv qee cov vitamin thiab pob zeb hauv av tshuaj rau pub. Tab sis ua ntej, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus sab laj nrog ib tug kws kho mob txog kev mob tus kws kho mob uas yuav muab cov tshuaj noj thiab ntev ntawm txoj kev kho.
Yug me nyuam yug
Karmals yog ib tug yug ntawm npua uas muaj ib tug heev degree ntawm fecundity. Raws li cov lus piav qhia ntawm npua breeders, cov npua, twb nyob yim lub hlis ntawm hnub nyoog, muaj peev xwm khub niam txiv thiab farrow. Tsis tas li, tom qab peb caug hnub ntawm kev pub niam mis, tus poj niam ua tau ib khub dua. 
Tus poj niam, uas Dais ib tug hluas, thiab tom qab pub nws, tsis xav tau kev pab. Karmaly yog cov tu siab heev, muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej ua tus laus thiab noj qab nyob zoo npua ntawm cov tsiaj me. Qhov yuav tsum tau tsuas yog: koj yuav tsum tsim ib chav me me nyob hauv aviary, qhov chaw me me npua yuav nyob rau thawj zaug.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Vim lub predominance ntawm X chromosomes hauv karyotype ntawm lub karmales, muaj ntau tus poj niam ntau npua hauv cov progeny.
Thawj lub lim tiam tom qab yug tus me nyuam, Karmales cov me nyuam tau txais txhua qhov tsim nyog muab los ntawm lawv niam cov kua mis. Lub lim tiam tom ntej no, npua tuaj yeem pub cov me nyuam yaus nyom li pub, thiab hnub 14 txhua hom pub tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lawv cov zaub mov. Hauv thawj lub limtiam ntawm lub neej me me, cov zaub mov zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv yuav tsum tau muab cov zaub ua si, cov qwj, los yog taub. 
Thaum cov npua txhias nkaum hnub nyoog, ntsuas lawv cov zaub mov kom zoo ib yam li: cov zaub mov qaub (70%), cov zaub nyoos los yog khaus (20%), pob txha (ntses noj mov) los ntses cov pob txha mos (5%), hmoov nplej (5% .
Hauv kev pom ntawm cov ntawv teev tseg, koj tuaj yeem kos duab txog txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm karmals. Ntau cov npua producers xav nrog karmalae vim yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab zoo saj ntawm nqaij, uas tso qhov ntawm no npua ntawm npua ntawm sab saum toj ntawm cov qeb ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws.
