Currant

To top tswv yim rau kev saib xyuas thiab cog ntawm blackcurrant ntau yam "nyuaj"

Variety ntawm dub currant "Yadrenaya" yog paub rau ntau tshaj 30 xyoo. Bred los ntawm Altai gardeners, qhov no muaj ntau yam tam sim ntawd tshaj tawm nws tus kheej vim nws siab txias ua hauj, zoo tawm los thiab loj loj ntawm berries (nws yog ib qho ntawm thawj "Giants" nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb currant).

Currant "Yadrenaya" tseem yuav nrov ntawm gardeners. Nrog kev kho kom zoo, qhov no muaj ntau yam tsis zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev zoo tshaj qhov so nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov tsis.

Yam ntxwv ntawm currants ntau yam "Vigorous"

Currant "Yadrenaya" yog hais txog skoroplodny ntau yam ntawm lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm ripening - lub berries ripen los ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 20-25.

Nqe lus piav txog ntau yam:

  • Bush - qhov nruab nrab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, medium sprouting, nrog tsawg tua, nruab nrab qhov siab - 1.5 m;
  • tua tuab thiab nruab nrab (loj hlob - ncaj thiab ntsuab, lignified - me ntsis pubescent thiab xim av);
  • cov nplooj - Tsib-lob (central lobe ntau elongated), ntsuab thiab ci iab, nruab nrab tsuas, tawv thiab ntsws. Cov leeg ntawm cov nplooj yog liab dawb, tob siab (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub hauv paus ntawm ib qho, uas yog vim li cas qhov nplooj ntoos yog me ntsis concave sab hauv);
  • paj - Medium loj, sepals coloring cream. Sau nyob rau hauv txhuam ntawm medium ntom (los ntawm 6 mus rau 12 paj), loj hlob nyob rau ntawm ib txoj cai lub kaum sab xis mus rau tua;
  • berries - loj loj (ntawm 3.2 mus rau 7.8 g), dub matte, puag ncig nrog tuab daim tawv. Lub pulp yog fleshy nrog noob. Berries yog yooj yim cais los ntawm qia. Saj - pronounced currant nrog sourness (3.8 ntsiab lus tawm ntawm 5 rau qhov kev luj xyuas ntawm saj). Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ascorbic acid yog 96 mg rau ib 100 g. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los ntawm currants ntawm ntau yam "Yadrenaya" yog 2-6 kg ib Bush.
Qib quas "Yadrenaya" muaj lub caij ntuj no siab heev (withstands kub hauv qab 30 degrees Celsius). Drought siab kam rau me. Hlub ib fertile av thiab to top hnav khaub ncaws. Yooj yim propagated by cuttings thiab layering.

Koj puas paub? Ib tug tshiab ntau yam yog bred nyob rau hauv 1984 los ntawm lub Altai breeder L. Zabelina (Kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Horticulture ntawm Siberia lub npe tom qab MA Lisavenko). Pib, muaj ntau yam tshiab tuaj rau thaj tsam West Siberian thiab Volga-Vyatka los ntawm kev hla ntau yam ("Nyiam ntawm Altai", "Dovinka" thiab "Bredthorp"). Lub "Yadrenaya" ntau yam kuj pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau hauv cov kev mob geoclimatic ntawm Ukraine thiab Belarus. Siv cov no ntau yam, yug ua rau xya ntau yam tshiab ntawm currant ("Spas", "Istok", "Debryansk", "Lucia", "Extreme", "Sadko", "Chernysh").

Pros thiab cons qoob

Loj ntau yam ntawm dub currant "Yadrenaya" raug muab thawj pib raws li "zoo tagnrho" ntau yam ntawm currants. Ntau yam tshwm sim, raws li npaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov teeb meem loj heev kuj tau ntxiv rau qhov tsis zoo.

Qhov zoo muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:

  • varietal variability - thawj sau yuav tau txais twb tom ntej lub caij ntuj sov tom qab cog lub sapling;
  • loj-fruited (champions raug tsau - berries weighing 9.2 g);
  • tsis kam mus kub kub;
  • lub berries loj hlob nyob rau hauv tassels, zoo li grapes. Lawv sau yog yooj yim, lub berries yog yooj yim sib cais los ntawm lub qia thiab tsis deformed;
  • Currant "Yadrenaya" muaj ib qho tawv nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas tswj cov qoob loo transportability;
  • Tawm los yog siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cons, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau xa mus rau "niam txiv" ntau yam L. Zabelin. Nws paub tseeb tias tsuas yog Siberia cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov "Vigorous" ntau yam tshwm sim (cov yeeb yam no, raws li txoj cai, lub suab hauv cov ntawv teev npe advertising). Thaum loj hlob no ntau yam ntawm currants nyob rau hauv lwm cov cheeb tsam, tshwj xeeb kev saib xyuas thiab kev kho mob yog yuav tsum tau, thiab tag nrho noj thiab pruning.

Cov qhab nias siab tsuas yog ua tau nyob rau hauv feem ntau dej siab mob (txawm lub ntiaj teb dub dub yuav tsis lav tias currant "Yadrenaya" yuav tuaj tos qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov berries, thiab qhov tseeb loj ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib ntawm 3.2 g).

Ntawm lwm cov "tsis tau npaj" cons yuav hu ua:

  • qaub saj (tsis txaus ntxim nyiam, yog li qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev siv yog mus ntxhi currants ntawm no ntau yam nrog qab zib);
  • uneven ripening ntawm berries nyob rau hauv txhuam;
  • sagging tua los ntawm kev loj ntawm lub berries;
  • tsis muaj vitamin cov ntsiab lus;
  • Tsis txaus ntseeg rau cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag - hnov ​​los ntawm anthracnose, powdery mildew thiab raum mite (nyob hauv nruab nrab txoj kab);
  • sai laus thiab poob ntawm cov qoob loo (rau plaub los yog thib tsib xyoo).

Kom cog ntoo currant ntau yam "Yadrenaya"

Kev kho mob rau currant "Yadrenaya" nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw muab rau qhov tseeb xaiv ntawm seedlings, lub site rau cog thiab competent cog ntawm seedlings nyob rau hauv hauv av.

Peb qhia koj kom nyeem txog cov intricacies ntawm loj hlob thiab thov liab currants.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub seedlings rau cog

Yuav tsum tau cog ntoo ntsuab "Yadrenaya" yuav tsum tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov neeg tsim tawm uas koj ntseeg siab (thiaj li tsis poob nyiaj, lub sijhawm thiab kev siv zog).

Thaum xaiv ib tug seedling yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau:

  • lub yub yuav tsum yog ib rau ob xyoos (dua li ob los yog peb me me yub tsis muaj nplooj.) Yog tias muaj nplooj, lawv tseem yuav tsum tau txiav tawm los txo cov evaporation ntawm ya raws);
  • lub xub ntiag ntawm fibrous keeb kwm, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, rot los yog qhuav keeb kwm;
  • lub "hauv paus caj dab" yuav tsum muaj ob peb buds, incl. thiab nyob rau hauv cov keeb kwm tuab.

Lwm cov kev xaiv txhim khu kev qha yog kev tswj tus kheej ntawm kev cog ntoo (qhov no yuav siv sij hawm ib xyoos). Hloov "Cuam Tshuam" ntau dua los ntawm lignified cuttings: hauv lub Cuaj Hlis, muaj zog ib-, ob-, los yog peb xyoos (thicker dua li ib xaum) tua ntawm 20 cm raug txiav (qhov seem qis dua yuav tsum yog hauv qab). Ua ntej cog cuttings rau hmo ntuj, lawv yog soaked nyob rau hauv chiv infusion (ib feem ntawm qhov quav rau rau qhov chaw dej). Nws yog zoo dua rau cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Cuaj Hli (cog caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm cuttings muab seedlings ntawm inferior zoo) nyob rau hauv xoob av ntawm ib kaum ntawm 45 degrees, 1-2 buds yuav tsum nyob twj ywm nyob rau saum npoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub cuttings yuav tsum tau pub nrog ib tug daws ntawm manure thiab urea (ib tablespoon ib thoob). Nws muaj peb qho hnav khaub ncaws (nrab-Lub Plaub Hlis, thaum ntxov thiab nrab-Lub Tsib Hlis). Yog hais tias lub caij ntuj sov yog txias, koj muaj peev xwm pub nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj. Yuav kom fertilize nrog ashes lub ntiaj teb nyob rau ntawm lub bases ntawm saplings (ib thoob rau 3 sq. M). Yog hais tias aphids nres sprouts, kho cov nplooj nrog ib tug npaj tawm tsam aphids (txog li ob teaspoons ib 10 l).

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum loj hlob seedlings, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau pinch lub cuttings - tshem tawm cov ntxeev ntawm ib tug 7-10 cm cm on txiav. Qhov no yuav ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib txwm tua.

Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog kom tau dej rau lub cuttings tsis tu ncua thiaj li hais tias lub ntiaj teb tsis qhuav tawm (txog thaum nruab nrab Lub yim hli ntuj). Nws yog ua tau kom tshem tawm saplings tom qab lub Cuaj Hli 15 (yav tas nws yog tsim nyog rau dej zoo tsis tau rhuav tawm keeb kwm). Seedlings yuav tsum ripen, nce ib xim brownish, tshem tawm qhuav nplooj.

Thaum twg nws yog zoo dua mus rau tsob nroj currant seedlings

Currants ntau yam "Yadrenaya" cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cog dub currants nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Cuaj hlis (feem ntau kev gardeners kom cia li hais tias). Lub cog ntawm seedlings nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj yuav siv ntau dua organically thiab tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab rau cov nroj tsuag - nyob rau hauv Autumn, ripe cuttings dhau mus rau theem so, hloov mus rau Frost, thiab pib caij nplooj ntoos hlav kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nrog pib ntawm SAP khiav.

Caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog ntawm seedlings nrog swollen buds yuav cuam tshuam lub physiological kev nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag - lub seedling yuav poob lub zog los rov qab lawv, yuav pib los tsim li lub nplooj ntsuab mus rau lub detriment ntawm hauv paus system.

Xaiv thiab kev npaj ntawm currant qhov chaw

Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw rau cog currant "Yadrenoy", nco ntsoov tias cov nroj tsuag hlub lub hnub thiab sov so, tsis zam drafts. Lub teeb penumbra nyob rau hauv midday tshav kub yog tau. Lub currant paus system tsis zam ntub lowlands thiab qhov ze tshwm ntawm av (ze tshaj 1 m).

Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ntxiv ntxiv av (tsawg kawg 0.5 m) los yog muab ib tug tsaws tsaws nrog kua (5-7 cm). Cov zajlus yuav tsum dav. Los xyuas kom zoo dua tawm los, qhov deb ntawm bushes "Yadrenoy" yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 1.8 m.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub saj, qhov loj ntawm berries thiab tawm los yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam cuam tshuam los ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb xws li tsis muaj lub teeb thiab cua sov.

Dub currant yuav thov ib tug zoo sau, muab hais tias yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntawm cov av. Qhov feem ntau nyiam xau yog me ntsis acid teeb, xoob thiab fertile. Nrog tsis txaus fertilizer av, nws yog ib advisable los npaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cog aub (0.5 mx 0.5 m). Lub qhov dej yog tsim ua ob lub lis piam ua ntej cog ntawm chernozem thiab 20 cm ntawm lub hau txheej - los ntawm kev sib tov sib xyaw (txog li 15 litres ntawm rotted manure, 100 g ntawm phosphates, 35 g ntawm nitrate los yog, alternatively, pob zeb hauv av chiv "Autumn", "AVA", "Nitrophoska") .

Koj puas paub? Currant "Vigorous" hlob zoo tom qab zaub thiab hniav flowering nroj tsuag, buckwheat, rye, pob kws, thiab rape. Qhov phem forerunners rau no ntau yam yog gooseberries thiab lwm yam currants.

Cov kauj ruam ntawm kaujruam Currant Planning Process

Ua ntej cog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npaj ib sapling: 10-15 teev ua ntej cog, txo cov keeb kwm mus rau ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm manganese (koj yuav siv Topaz thiab Epin kev loj hlob stimulants). 2-3 teev ua ntej cog, dip lub keeb kwm nyob rau hauv ib tug "mash" ntawm av nplaum thiab infusion ntawm manure, qhuav nyob rau hauv lub hnub.

Cov txheej txheem cog:

  • phaus lub hauv av nyob rau hauv qab ntawm qhov tsaws aub tsiv, moisten nws;
  • nyob rau hauv lub pov toj muab tso rau ntawm ib lub kaum sab xis 45 degrees npaj cov yub, ncaj lub keeb kwm (yog li ntawd raws li tsis mus coj raws li upwards). Lub deepening ntawm hauv paus ntseg tsho yuav tsum tsis muaj ntau tshaj 5-7 cm;
  • sau rau hauv av nyob rau hauv aub tsiv, ncuav nrog dej sov (2-3 l) thiab condense;
  • grumble nyob ze-qia lub voj voog (peat, straw).
  • prune tua (txog li 5 cm hemp los yog 2-3 buds saum toj no hauv av).

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Sawdust rau mulching rau ntau yam ntawm currants "Yadrenaya" yog tsis haum - lawv nce acidity ntawm cov av.

Kev saib xyuas zoo - kev cog lus ntawm kev nplua nuj

Currant "Yadrenaya" peev xwm ntawm txaus siab tej yam xav tau ntawm gardener, muab hais tias cultivation ntawm nws tshwm sim competently, nyob rau hauv raws li cov cai tsim nyog.

Av mulching

Thawj txoj cai tseem ceeb, tsuas yog tsis yog los muab nws tus kheej nrog ib tug zoo qoob loo ntawm currants, tab sis feem ntau kom txuag tau qhov nroj tsuag, kom txuag nws los ntawm ziab, yog lub mulching ntawm cov av. Lub voj voog nyob ze (txog li 1.5 m) yuav pab khaws cov dej ntws (lub ntiaj teb tseem mos), tiv thaiv cov currants los ntawm lub hnub ci, thiab tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, mulching insures (currant "Yadrenaya" los ntawm Siberia thiab nws lub caij ntuj no hardiness tsis ua rau doubts) tawm tsam khov ntawm fibrous keeb kwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thaum ntxov txias huab cua.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov currant ntau "Vigorous" xav tau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau cov ceg ntoo. Nyob rau hauv qhov nyhav ntawm cov qoob loo, tua hlav thiab berries yog nyob rau hauv av, uas negatively cuam tshuam cov sau, preservation thiab tom qab cia ntawm currants.

Yuav ua li cas dej

Currants yuav tsum tau niaj zaus watering (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm ripening ntawm berries) txhua txhua ob rau peb hnub, 12 liv ib Bush, thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov thiab tom qab hnub poob. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg (Cuaj hlis), lawv cov dej rau budding rau xyoo tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv txhua Bush - yam tsawg 70-80 liv dej. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws dej txoj rau currants yog sprinkling (lowers kub, nce cua humidity).

Peb xav kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob thiab siv dawb currant.

Yuav noj dab tsi

Saplings tau pub 3-4 lub sij hawm (daws ntawm manure nrog urea). Rau ib tug zoo sau, koj yuav tsum tau mus tas li pub currant "Yadrenaya" los ntawm ob xyoo.

Thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog lub sij hawm ntawm urea fertilization (nitrogen-muaj chiv). Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj - Tsib Hlis - fertilize nrog nitroammofoskoy. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov (tom qab flowering) - foliar to top hnav khaub ncaws ("Mikom", "Plantafol" los yog sib tov ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate (10 g), boric acid (3 g) thiab tooj liab sulphate (40 g)).

Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn (tom qab sau) - organic (humus, noog droppings), superphosphate, poov tshuaj chloride (yaj nyob rau hauv dej los yog sprinkled). Thaum txhua txhua plaub lub xyoo nws yog xav tau kom liming cov av (txog li 500 g ntawm txiv qaub ib square meter).

Harvesting

Rau thawj lub sij hawm tus sau muab lub Bush nyob rau hauv ob xyoo tom qab cog. Qhov nruab nrab sau ib Bush yog 4 kg. Tom qab nkag mus rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm tsib mus rau rau xyoo, qhov tawm los txo.

Harvesting currant ntau yam "Yadrenaya" yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb ua ke (vim tsis sib npaug ripening ntawm berries). Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau ua rau ib hnub qhuav, tom qab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm yav sawv ntxov dew. Yuav kom sau siv ntim ntiav ntim (hauv lub qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov berries yuav zuaj ib leeg).

Kawm seb yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dub nciab.

Lub curvature ntawm currant yog tsawg - nws yog ntshaw kom ua nws nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv. Rau thauj currant ntau yam "Yadrenaya" plucked nrog txhuam, tsis tawg tawm lub berries. Nyob rau hauv lub thawv ca yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj tsib kilograms ntawm berries.

Koj puas paub? Gardeners pom zoo kom ob peb txoj kev los nce qhov tsos mob ntawm "Yadrenoy." Yog li, tom qab ncav cuag lub ripeness ntawm ib tug currant on ib Bush, ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob hurry mus rau nws tawm, tab sis tos peb mus rau tsib hnub. Lub sij hawm no yuav txaus rau currant tsis mus rau crumble, tab sis mus tau ib tug ntau pronounced saj thiab tsos. Lwm proven txoj kev los txhim kho qhov saj ntawm berries thiab nce yields yog cog ntau hom ntawm ib qhov chaw.

Tawm zuj zus

Currant "Vigorous" - nrab-varietal ntau yam, nyob rau hauv uas qhov siab ntawm Bush yog tswj los ntawm pruning: lub Upper tua yuav poob mus rau hauv qab. Nyuaj pruning pab kom rejuvenate lub nroj tsuag (txog li 20% ntawm tua raug muab tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm pruning) thiab mus tshem tawm Bush thickening. Txhua xyoo, 2-4 tshiab tua tau sab laug (tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov yub yuav tsum 10-15). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau pruning yog thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav (ua ntej thawj nplooj tshwm) thiab Autumn (ua ntej frosts). Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv lawb tag lawm puas lawm.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Trimming yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nrog lub ntsuas ntse thiab lim dej. Tom qab ua tiav, tag nrho cov seem ua tiav nrog 5% tov ntawm tooj liab sulphate, ces smeared vaj teb suab los sis roj xim.

Tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag: kev sib ntaus rau thaum muaj kev swb

Currant "Yadrenaya" tsis yog raws li resistant mus rau tus kab mob, raws li twb ntseeg tom ntej, cov kab tsuag kuj tsis disdain no ntau yam.

Feem ntau, currant "mob siab" yog ua raws li cov kab mob nram no:

  • Anthracnose (xim av daj ntawm cov nplooj tshuam, thawj tshwm ua tubercles nrog cov hlab ntsha, tom qab qhov ntawd) thiab septoriosis (pob tshab pob). Yuav ua li cas sib ntaus: ua ntej flowering tshuaj tsuag 2% daws ntawm Bordeaux kua. Thaum muaj mob thaum lub caij ntuj sov los ua cov tshuaj tooj liab (tooj liab sulfate, cuprozan, oleocuprite, thiab lwm yam);
  • Terry - nplooj raug hloov mus rau peb-toed, paj tshwm Terry. Tus kab mob kis tsis kho - uproot thiab hlawv.
  • Tuberculosis - ceg ntoo qhuav, them nrog tawg. Nws yuav tsum tau kho Bordeaux kua thiab "Tsev".

Powdery mildew thiab xeb yog tsawg dua. Ntawm pests feem ntau mus rau currants los ntawm aphids (rau kev tiv thaiv (ua ntej thiab tom qab sau) siv "Aktellik").

Yog hais tias aphid lub tshwm sim thaum lub Berry tau tseem tsis tau raug muab tshem tawm, nws yog zoo dua los siv kev cai ntawm kev nriaj, yam uas tsis muaj chemistry (uas yuav tsis ua mob lub berries). Koj tuaj yeem tsuag tsuag anise roj (hem tawm ntsaum), infusions of qej, dos, wormwood, thiab lwm yam.