Kua ntoo

Secrets ntawm kev vam meej cultivation ntawm Kua ntoo "Uralets"

Kua ntoo "Uralets" yog hais txog lub caij nplooj zeeg ntau thiab tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thaj tsam. Differs nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob muaj zog, Frost tsis kam thiab kev tiv thaiv rau ntau cov kab mob. Peb yuav qhia rau koj ntxiv hauv tsab xov xwm.

Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los

Lub Kua ntau "Uralets" tau bred nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 ntawm Sverdlovsk Experimental Gardening Station. Tau los ntawm Cross-pollination ntawm lub Kua "Voskovka" nrog "Anis" thiab "Ukrainka".

Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv XI xyoo pua ntoo tsob ntoo nyob hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv Yaroslav lub ntse (nyob rau hauv 1051) ib tug kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau tsim, tom qab lub npe hu ua lub vaj teb ntawm Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
Qhov ntau yam muaj ib tug high school lub caij ntuj no hardiness. Vim yog cov cuab yeej no, lub tsob ntoo kua ua nrov nyob hauv lub Urals thiab Siberia.

Txheeb raws roj ntsha

Tom ntej no, qhia txog cov kua ntoo "Uralets", peb tau piav qhia thiab yees duab.

Tsob ntoo piav qhia

Kua ntoo "Uralets" - vaus thiab tsob ntoo ntev. Lub crown yog pyramidal, muaj zog. Lub bark yog xim av. Cov ceg yog perpendicular mus rau lub pob tw, ces khoov duav. Cov nplooj yog medium loj, npub, serrated rau ntawm sawv. Fruiting pib nyob rau hauv plaub lub xyoo.

Pom Qoob Tseem Ceeb Ntawm Cov Kua ntoo, "Champion", "Melba", "Uslada", "Candy", "Northern Sinap", "Sun", "Currency", "Berkutovskoe", "Sinap Orlovsky", "Dream", " Zhigulevskoe. "

Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Txheej

Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum, Rose buds tshwm rau ntawm ceg, uas Bloom nyob rau hauv me me dawb paj. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Autumn - nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov tsoos zoo, me me loj. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib lub kua yog 45-60 g. Tsos ntawm apples yog zoo nkauj heev - cream xim nrog ib tug ci blush thiab liab kab txaij. Cov nqaij yog lub teeb, nrog ib tug creamy tinge, lub saj yog Sweet-zaub, astringent.

Pollination

"Uralets" - samobesplodny qib. Rau lub zes qe menyuam ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nws xav tau pollen los ntawm lwm cov ntoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinator yog suav tias yog qib "Ural tej".

Gestation lub sijhawm

Flowering Kua pib nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis. Cov txivneej pib tsim txhua lub caij ntuj sov thiab ncav cuag kom loj hlob thaum lub Cuaj Hli.

Tawm

Pib ntawm fruiting "Uraltsa" tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm 4-6 xyoo ntawm tsob ntoo lub neej. Txhua xyoo, qhov tawm los nce, nrog rau qhov niaj zaus raws ntawm fruiting. Txawm tias qhov loj me me ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, 70-80 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tau los ntawm ib tsob ntoo.

Koj puas paub? Yog tias koj xav tau kev nqig, koj yuav tsum ua kua tshuaj yej nrog cinnamon. Nws yuav pab tshem kev npau taws thiab kev tsiv siab, mob qaug dab peg, pw tsaug zog, thiab mob taub hau thiab tsis zoo. Cov tshuaj yej no ua rau lub cev thiab lub hlwb muaj zog, rov ua kom muaj zog tom qab kev ntxhov siab.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tas mus li ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm ntau yam yog tag nrho tshem tawm ntawm cov huab cua puag rau sau.

Kev thauj khoom thiab kev cia khoom

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam "Uralets" yog suav hais tias yog ib lub txee me me ntawm cov txiv apples. Nws tsis pub tshaj 1.5 lub hlis.

Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsim rau kev thauj mus los, lawv yog cov ntom thiab ruaj. Khaws cov txiv apples zoo dua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cov av qeeg, hauv thawv los sis thawv.

Kawm txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo loj hlob nyob rau thaj tsam Moscow thiab sab qaum teb-West.

Frost tsis kam

Lub kua ntoo yog lub caij ntuj no heev. Qhov no ntau yam yog bred nyob rau hauv lub Urals thiab yog npaj rau lub Urals. Ua tsaug rau txoj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv kev yug me nyuam, tseem muaj tiav kev cog qoob loo hauv Western Siberia.

Kab Mob thiab Kab Tsuag Kab Tsuag

"Uralets" muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob siab. Qhov no Kua ntoo tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo rot, scab. Me me ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Feem ntau cov kab tsuag "Uraltsu" tsis txaus ntshai. Qhov tsuas yog ib qho uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj yog lub npauj npauj.

Kev tu ncua ntawm kev poob cua, cov nplooj qub thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov ntoo tso cai rau koj kom tiv thaiv tau koj tus kheej ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm npauj.

Daim ntawv thov

Cov txiv apples me me heev thiab tsw qab. Lawv noj tau sai sai tom qab raug tshem tawm ntawm tsob ntoo.

Vim lub tsawg txee lub neej ntawm apples, nws yog pom zoo kom sai sai pib ua. Lawv ua tau zoo heev jams, preserves, compotes.

Xaiv ntawm seedlings: tswv yim

"Uralets" ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev mob. Tab sis lub hauv paus ntawm qhov no yog ib tug ceev faj xaiv ntawm seedlings. Los ntawm kev xaiv ib tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau mob siab - qhov tseeb cog yuav thov koj nrog ib tus neeg muaj peev xwm ntau xyoo thiab yuav tsis coj ntau txoj kev txhawj.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw yuav seedlings yog nurseries thiab vaj koom tes.

Yog tias koj txiav txim siab mus yuav hauv Internet los yog hauv cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb - ua ntej saib thiab paub txog lub koob npe ntawm lub khw. Yog hais tias koj muaj phooj ywg sib tw, nug lawv seb yuav xaiv cov noob txiv ntoo li cas.

Thaum xaiv ib lub seedling them mloog mus rau lub hnub nyoog - Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau 1-2 xyoos. Los txiav txim siab lub hnub nyoog ntawm tsob ntoo yog yooj yim - nws tsis muaj ceg loj los yog muaj ntau ceg me me txuas los ntawm tsob ntoo ntawm ib qho kev mob. Them mloog mus rau lub xeev ntawm lub keeb kwm. Cov hauv paus hniav zoo yuav tsum tsis muaj kev loj hlob thiab tag nrho. Ua tib zoo txia lub tawv los ntawm hauv paus - sab hauv nws yuav tsum muaj ib lub ci xim ntsuab. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tsis txhob poob tawm.

On ib tug hluas seedling yuav tsum tau ploj lawm nplooj.

Cov kev cai rau cog Kua seedlings

Yog li, koj txiav txim siab cog qoob loo ntawm Uralets kua ntoo thiab xaiv ib qho zoo sapling. Tam sim no cia peb tham txog yuav ua li cas cog no seedling thiaj li hais tias nws yuav siv sij hawm paus thiab loj hlob zoo.

Lub sijhawm zoo

Seedlings yog zoo tshaj plaws cog rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis los yog thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj. Cov av yuav tsum ntub thiab twb (lossis lwm tus) muag.

Qhov chaw xaiv

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Txij li thaum Uralets yog qhov muaj zog heev thiab muaj lub hauv paus tsim, qhov sib thooj ntawm dej (tsawg tshaj li peb metres) tuaj yeem ua rau kev tuag ntawm lub hauv paus system.

Cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob swamped, lub teeb. Limestone, tuab av nplaum, sandstone qhuav tsis haum. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws xaiv yuav sod-calcareous, sod-weakly podzolic, lub teeb loamy xau. Cov cog ntawm seedlings yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub sab qaum teb. Tsob ntoo yuav tsum nyob rau sab hnub ci. Nws yog ntshaw tias tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab lwm yam ntoo tsis nkaj lub hnub ci.

Stepwise tsaws txheej txheem

Kev npaj rau cog tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam los yog ob. Khawb qhov nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm ib lub meter thiab ib qhov tob ntawm ib nrab ntawm ib lub 'meter'. Saplings zoo tshaj soak rau ib hnub nyob rau hauv dej. Lub qhov tsoo yog sau mus rau 2/3 nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm humus (los yog peat), chiv (superphosphate, poov tshuaj chloride, tshauv) thiab zoo tib yam lub ntiaj teb.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txiv qaub thiab nitrogen chiv tsis tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv cov hauv paus hniav los ntawm kev kub nyhiab.

Ib qho pauv peg yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov aub tsiv thiab ib lub yub tso rau lub hauv paus caj dab yog me ntsis saum toj ntawm theem ntawm cov av. Cov keeb kwm yog straightened, them nrog sib ntxiv sib tov (los ntawm av thiab chiv) thiab compacted. Tam sim no nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los muab ntoo nrog zoo watering (3-4 thoob dej) thiab mulch lub cev pob tw. Peat, straw, humus yuav tsim raws li ib tug mulching cov khoom.

Qhov deb ntawm seedlings yuav tsum los ntawm 2 mus rau 4 meters.

Lub caij ntu saib xyuas

Tom ntej no, peb yuav xav txog lub peculiarities ntawm kev cog qoob cog qoob, vim tom qab cog, tsob ntoo kuj xav tau kev tu zoo - nws txua lub vaj teb los ntawm ntau yam teeb meem thiab yuav cia koj mus tau tshiab thiab cua apples txhua txhua xyoo.

Kev tu xyuas av

Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau watering - tsawg kawg 3-4 thoob dej ntawm tsawg kawg ib zaug ib hlis. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo kua, qhov ntim ntawm cov dej haus tau nce - ib lub thoob rau txhua xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. On qhuav xau (sandstones) thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, lub sij hawm dej nce mus rau 1-2 zaug ntawm ib lub lim tiam. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog rau dej cov kua ntoo thaum lub sij hawm sau, raws li qhov no tej zaum yuav ua puas lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Nws yog zoo dua los xyuas kom meej zoo dej thaum lub sij hawm flowering, ib lub hlis ua ntej sau thiab thaum lub sij hawm nplooj ntoos caij nplooj ntoos zeeg.

Cov kab tsuag thiab tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau maj. Rau lub caij ntuj sov, koj muaj peev xwm sow qhov chaw no nrog ntsuab manure, uas yog faus rau hauv cov av thiab fertilize lub kua ntoo. Nqaij nyom thiab poob nplooj tuaj yeem tawm mus ua mulch. Nrog rov tshwm sim ntawm weeds yuav tsum tau maj thiab loosen pristvolny lub voj voog. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog ua tom qab ntau tshaj watering.

Fertilization

Lub kua tsob ntoo ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej yuav tsum tsis txhob fertilized. Hauv paus pub pib hauv ob xyoo thiab muaj ib qho tshuaj tov (100 g ib thoob dej) nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, humates thiab humus nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj thiab Lub kaum hli ntuj - phosphate thiab potash chiv (100 g ntawm superphosphate ib 10 liv dej).

Fertilizer yog zus plaub zaug rau ib lub caij rau cov neeg laus hauv cov ntoo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv kis ib nrab ib kilogram ntawm urea nyob rau hauv txhua tsob ntoo. Los ntawm thaum pib ntawm flowering siv ib tug kua sib tov ntawm superphosphate (100 g), poov tshuaj sulfate (80 g), urea (50 g) infused nyob rau hauv 20 liv dej. Qhov thib peb hnav khaub ncaws yog nqa tawm tom qab flowering - nrog ib tug daws ntawm nitrophoska thiab qhuav humate.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag

Kua "Qoob loo" tiv taus kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Tab sis nws tseem tsim nyog yuav tau siv qee qhov kev tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv cov ntoo thiab tiv thaiv tau cov kab mob.

Los ntawm Kua disease kab mob gardeners xav siv yeeb siv tshuaj xws li: Topaz, Scor, Hom, Fitosporin-M.
Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob muaj peev xwm ua tau nroj, poob nplooj thiab nroj qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, thawj txoj kev ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog lub sij hawm ntxuav ntawm carrion thiab cleansing ntawm lub vaj teb. Yog tias koj npaj siab siv cov nplooj poob li chiv, ces koj yuav tsum tau them rau nws hauv av los yog daim ntawv cais cov phom nws.

Rau kev so, cov ntoo tsis tau tshwj xeeb saib xyuas thiab cov txheej txheem.

Cropping thiab crown tsim

"Uralets" yog hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam, yog li kev txiav txim siab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tu xyuas cov ntoo. Tsis muaj pruning yuav ua rau overgrowing ntawm crown, teeb meem nyob rau hauv sau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, unaesthetic tsos ntawm lub vaj.

Tus tsim ntawm lub crown pib ob xyoos tom qab cog ntawm seedlings. Txiav hlais cov ceg ntoo thiab cov nplooj uas loj hlob tuaj. Siv nyiaj rejuvenation, txiav tawm ib feem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob dhau los. Qhov no txwv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo hauv qhov siab thiab yuam kom lawv loj hlob hauv dav. Cov chaw txiav toob kas yuav tsum tau ci ntsa iab dhau lub vaj teb suab. Nrog rau txhua xyoo pruning ntawm cov ntoo pib pib dais ntxov thiab ntau zaus, xws li cov ntoo nce lub neej expectancy.

Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no

Kua ntoo "Uralets" muaj ntau cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm high frost tsis kam. Tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob rau wintering nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau. Tab sis ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Nws yog ib lub tswv yim kom tiv thaiv cov kab ntawm cov ntoo uas muaj ntaub qhwv (qhov no yuav tiv thaiv ob leeg los ntawm kev tees thiab tsiaj los ntawm kev noj cov tawv ntoo), thiab sov lub voj voog nrog ib txheej ntawm mulch los yog humus.

Lub kua ntoo ntawm Uralets ntau yam muaj ntau yam zoo - nws yog ib qhov zoo lub caij ntuj no hardiness, tus kab mob tsis kam, high tawm los. Ntawm cov shortcomings - me me txiv apples thiab luv luv txee lub neej ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, nws yog ib tug zoo heev ntau yam rau yug me nyuam tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb latitudes, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv tej yam tus kheej lub cev.