Kev tshwm sim los ntawm columnar Kua ntoo tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis muaj chaw nyob hauv cov cuab yeej me me, cia cov npas thiab cov neeg ua teb nyiam ua zoo siv thaj chaw thiab sau cov khoom zoo nkauj los ntawm nws. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub caij ntuj no ntau yam thiab txheeb xyuas lub subtleties ntawm nws cultivation.
Kev piav qhia
Kua "Txiaj" yog ib qho bonsai nrog lub compact ntom yas thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm medium loj, uas yog cov yeeb yam tseem ceeb ntau yam.
Nws tshwm sim txog 30 xyoo tas los nyob rau ntawm lub koom haum All-Russia ntawm Horticulture thiab Nursery. Nws yog raws li cov noob ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb "KV6" thiab cov American "OR38T17". 
Tsob ntoo, txawm tias nws luv luv stature, muaj ib tug high tsis kam mus rau scab thiab lwm yam kab mob kab mob, tsis xav tau disinfected nrog tshuaj lom los ntawm cov teeb meem kab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsob ntoo kua, kuj ceeb tias, muab ib qho loj heev sau ntawm lub caij ntuj no ripening.
Koj puas paub? Tus pioneer ntawm cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib tug Canadian. Nyob rau hauv lub seventies, nws accidentally pom ntawm lub qub tsob ntoo "Macintosh" ib tug thickened du khiav tsis muaj ceg, uas yog thickly dai nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lub soj caum ntawm no ceg tau muab coj los tso rau ntawm qhov Tshuag. Tsis ntev tom qab ib tsob ntoo tshwj xeeb nrog ib txoj yas qoob loo loj hlob tawm ntawm nws.
Tshaj tawm, lub tsob ntoo kua yog ib qho qia nyias tsis muaj pob txha tawm mus rau 2 m siab thiab txog 25 cm wide. Lub crown nyob rau txhua lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo zoo nkaus li zoo nkauj. Foliage nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab xim tsis txawv ntawm dog dig Kua ntoo, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nws tsis tig daj rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, ceev mus rau heev Frost thiab tee ntsuab. Inflorescences yog khi rau ib shtambe, muab nws ib tug muaj kuab zoo.
Mature txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog characterized los ntawm ib tug sib npaug puab, nyias daim tawv ntawm Golden-daj xim nrog ib muag heev scarlet blush, muaj nplua zoo-grained pulp ntawm dawb xim.
Qhov nruab nrab, Txawv ntau hom hnyav txog 150-250 g. Saum toj no lawv them nrog ib qho quav, hauv qab cov xim dawb subcutaneous pom meej. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj qab ntxiag aroma thiab qab zib, qab zib-qaub saj.
Ripening theem ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub tsob ntoo kua yog kolonovidnoy "Txiaj" tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub caij nplooj zeegLub apples, raws li tau hais nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia, yog npaj rau lub caij ntuj no noj, yog zoo khaws cia. Nyob rau hauv kev txheeb xyuas, gardeners nco ntsoov tias txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis crumble thiab yog yooj yim mus siv cuag rau tshem tawm los ntawm tsob ntoo. Cov yug menyuam sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo hauv qab undemanding thiab yooj yim ntawm cog.
Koj puas paub? Lifespan "Currencies" - txog rau tsib caug xyoo, thiab high yielding yog tswj tseg rau ib feem peb ntawm lub sijhawm no.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam
Obviously, piv nrog siab, kis tau cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo, cov qauv ntawv muaj txiaj ntsim ntau txoj kev pab. Raws li cov kev tshawb pom ntawm gardeners thiab kev gardeners, lub ntsiab zoo qhov zoo ntau yam yog:
- luv luv stature ntawm cov ntoo, uas ua rau nws yooj yim dua rhuav tshem tawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm lawv;
- siab yield;
- me me thiab hniav pob kws;
- tsis kam mus rau Frost, pests thiab kab mob;
- Kua zoo kom zoo;
- zoo heev saj thiab kev nthuav qhia;
- lub txiaj ntsig ntawm apples (tsim rau kev noj nqaij nyoos thiab rau hauv tsev lub kaus poom nyob rau txhua hom);
- yooj yim kho mob (tsis muaj kev xav tau rau pruning thiab Txau).
Qhov tseeb hais tias txiv apples nyob rau hauv txhua daim ntawv yog heev tseem ceeb, txhua leej txhua tus paub los ntawm thaum yau. Koj tuaj yeem txuag tau qhov saj ntawm koj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyiam ntev ntev los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev: khov, qhuav, ua jam lossis jam, compote thiab lwm yam khoom qab zib.
Ntawm qhov shortcomings, tej zaum, tsuas zoo yog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv tawm los tom qab 15-16 xyoo ntawm lub neej. Qhov no yuav tsum ua kom cov neeg cog qoob loo ua rau lub caij nplooj ntoo zeeg, txij li thaum laus hauv cov ntoo los ntawm qis qis pib qhuav tawm thiab ntoo ua kev tsis txawj. Nws tsis yog tau mus tsim kho fruiting los ntawm pruning ceg, raws li nyob rau hauv cov cw dog dig. 
On loj cheeb tsam, nws yog pom zoo kom tias kaum-xyoo-laus nroj tsuag yuav uprooted, hloov lawv nrog tshiab seedlings. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tus txheej txheem yog ua tsis tau tam sim ntawd thoob plaws hauv lub vaj teb, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, kom tsis txhob txo nyob rau hauv tawm los.
Koj puas paub? Qhov nruab nrab, ib tus qauv kua ntoo tsim tawm mus txog 6 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Yuav ua li cas cog ib qho kua ntoo
Muaj coob tus neeg ntseeg hais tias yog tsob ntoo tsis ua rau nws tu, ces cog nws yog tib yam tsis sib txawv los ntawm lwm yam nroj tsuag. Tab sis nws sai hloov tawm tias disregard rau cov kev cai rau xaiv ib qho chaw thiab rooting seedlings cuam tshuam lub ntau thiab zoo ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tus yuam sij rau kev vam meej hauv vaj, ntawm chav kawm, yog noj qab haus huv seedling Nrog ib tug rhizome haib yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua txiv thaum thawj 10 xyoo nyob ntawm seb nws zoo li cas, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm columnar nrws no yog lub sij hawm ntawm intensive fruiting.
Yog hais tias koj twb nrhiav tau cov khoom cog zoo siab, thiab nws yog ib lub meter-ncaj, pob tw nrog lub hauv paus khov khov, cov kab npua tseem txuam thiab lub hauv paus uas muaj peev xwm zoo, koj tuaj yeem mus tshawb xyuas qhov chaw tsaws chaw. 
Xaiv qhov chaw rau ib tsob ntoo
Apple-tree kolonovidnaya "Txiaj" prefers cog ib cozy qhov chaw nrog ib tug diffused illumination, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm sab qaum teb cua thiab drafts. Tsis hnub ci los yog qhov ntxoov ntxoo.
Zoo tib yam - ze ntawm lub laj kab los yog lub tsev. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov dej hauv av: lawv yuav tsum tsis pub ze tshaj 2 m ntawm hauv av saum npoo, txwv tsis pub lub tshaj dej noo yuav lwj lub keeb kwm, thiab cov nroj tsuag yuav tuag. Saib nyob rau hauv koj lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab, qhov twg ntau ntawm snow accumulates nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsis muaj cua daj thiab dej ntws.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Coniferous sawdust yog ncaj qha contraindicated li mulch ntawm tsob ntoo trunks ntawm Kua ntoo, vim lawv yuav oxidize cov av.
Av xaiv
Cov kab mob nyuv, zoo li tag nrho cov kua txiv ntoo, ua kom zoo ntawm cov av dub av av zoo nrog cov khoom siv.
Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas qhov acidity ntawm substrate, txij thaum nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw acidic tsob ntoo tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob. Rau tag nrho cov nroj tsuag, nws xav tau zoo kua thiab ntsis qis, yog li ntawd, qhov chaw stony thiab qhov chaw tsis zoo no tsis haum.
Cog cog
Muab cov lus cog ntawm compactness ntawm me ntsis crowns ntawm tus qauv ntoo, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav cog nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Qhov thib ib yog muab khi rau cov kab hauv nruab nrab nrog 30-40 cm thiab dav dav ntawm 1 mus rau 2.5 m. Qhov thib ob yog lub tshuab square thaum qhov deb ntawm seedlings nyob rau hauv kab thiab nruab nrab ntawm kab yog 1 m. 
Yuav ua li cas saib xyuas rau lub Kua "Txiaj"
Txawm tias muaj me me loj hlob, tsob ntoo muaj ib qho ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, yog li nws yuav siv sij hawm hauv paus sai sai thiab pib tsim. Thawj 2 lub hlis tom qab cog yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub luag hauj lwm: thaum lub sij hawm no, tus gardener yuav tsum pab cov tub ntxhais hluas tsob ntoo tsob ntoo nrog li niaj zaus av moistening, hnav khaub ncaws, winterizing. Mature nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau tsawg dua cov xim.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum lub sij hawm flowering ntawm standard Kua ntoo, tshuaj tsuag lawv nrog qab zib syrup. Qhov no yuav nyiam lub bees thiab pab rau ib puas feem pua ​​pollination ntawm inflorescences.
Siv ntoo
Thaum xub thawj, cov ntoo ntawm cov tsob ntoo ntawm cov tsob ntoo yog cov xim "colony" uas yog "Currency" yuav tsum tau ywg dej nrog cov zaus uas cov av tsis qhuav tawm, thiab ntxiv cov nroj tsuag ntxiv rau kev limiting irrigation rau 2 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam.
Nyob rau hauv ob xyoo ntawm lub neej, kua ntoo yog moistened txhua txhua 7 hnub. Hauv cov vaj loj, koj tuaj yeem pab ua tus txheej txheem los ntawm kev siv cov dej los ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj, los yog cov dej ntws los. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub, ib me ntsis wetting ntawm substrate yuav ua mob lub keeb kwm ntau tshaj li ib tug drought, thiaj li dej ua si zoo tshaj plaws ua nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj. Lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau ntub los ntawm 30-50 cm. 
Tus nqi ntawm cov dej tso rau hauv txhua lub phom nyob ntawm kua txiv hnub nyoog. Cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings yuav tsum tau noo noo feem ntau thiab me ntsis los ntawm me ntsis, thiab laus ntoo yuav tsum rov qab: ib tug ntau, tab sis tsis tshua muaj. Piv txwv li, txhua xyoo yuav tsum muaj 3 lub thoob dej, thiab tsib lub xyoos yuav tsum muaj 5 thoob.
Pib mus rau dej lub kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntej lub budding. Rau mature nroj tsuag, ob moistening yog teem nyob rau lub sij hawm tsim ntawm ovary, ces - thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, lub tom kawg - 14 hnub ua ntej cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog muab tshem tawm.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum lub mev yog ib tug ntev sov Autumn, cov ntoo yuav tsum tau watered dua. Cov dej ntxiv no tiv thaiv lub hauv paus hniav thiab cov qe los ntawm khov.
Koj puas paub? Cov txiv ntoo nyob hauv lub cellar tsim cov ethylene, uas muaj txiaj ntsim rau qhov muab siab kho ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub ib puag ncig. Tias yog vim li cas lub qos yaj ywm uas muab nyob rau hauv tib lub compartment nrog apples, pib germinate.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov av
Nws yog ntshaw kom replenish cov av nyob rau hauv Kua ntoo trunks nrog tseem ceeb tshuaj, nyiam dua thoob plaws hauv lub caij loj hlob.
Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, thaum tua pib loj hlob sai heev, ib tug daws ntawm manure los sis nqaij qaib yog poured rau hauv recesses yav dhau los ua nyob rau hauv hauv av. Organic teeb meem yuav hloov nrog nitrogen-muaj coj mus muag mixtures. 
Thaum tsob ntoo nkag mus rau theem ntawm fruiting, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau noj los ntawm nitroammofoski (30 g), ammonium nitrate (30 g), superphosphate (140 g), poov tshuaj chloride (50 g). Ib qho lwm txoj mus rau qhov sib tov no yuav yog ib qho ntawm 100 g ntawm superphosphate, 70 g ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate thiab 10 liv dej.
Ceev faj nrog kev pub mis. Nitrogen chiv yog tsim nyog rau tsob ntoo thaum pib ntawm kev loj hlob, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg lawv tsuas yog ua mob, vim hais tias tsob ntoo zus yuav tsis muaj lub sij hawm los npaj rau lub caij ntuj no thiab khov. Los tsim kho lub caij ntuj no hardiness hauv lub Cuaj Hlis, cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo muaj cov zaub mov ua rau cov pob zeb hauv cov chiv cim "Autumn" ntawm lub pob los yog nrog humus.
Qhov kawg theem ntawm cov dej yuav tsum tau loosening thiab mulching cov av. Ua ntej, cov sij hawm no cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej sau. Thiab ob, lawv pub lub hauv paus system nrog oxygen thiab tsis pub noo noo rau evaporate, tiv thaiv tau tsim ntawm ib tug tight crust rau sab saum toj txheej ntawm tsob ntoo pob tw lub voj voog.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Acidic xau yog neutralized txhua 4 xyoos nrog txiv qaub hmoov ntawm tus nqi ntawm 200 g ib 1 square meter. Rau tsis muaj txiv qaub, muaj peev xwm nws hloov nrog plaster qub.
Tuaj tsim
Muaj yuav luag tsis muaj cov ceg nyob rau hauv lub crown-puab apple ntoo uas yuav tsum tau mus txiav, trimming tsuas yog xav tau nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus thaum lub crown pib rau incorrectly.
Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo qis tshaj puas lawm: tom qab ntawd ib tsob ntoo muaj ob sab. Ib qho uas qaug zog yuav tsum tau txiav tawm. Yog hais tias tus qia pib ceg, sab nraub qaum los kuj raug tshem tawm. On txiv hmab txiv ntoo tua txhua xyoo yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm ob buds. 
Qee lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv trunks nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo los yog ob xyoo xyoo inflorescences raug khi. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov buds yog txiav tawm, muab tsob ntoo lub sijhawm los tsim ib lub hwjchim loj thiab, raws li, hauv paus system. Thaum re-flowering tawm txog rau ntawm lub muaj zog tshaj inflorescences, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej - txog kaum.
Qee hom ntau pears, plums, apricots kuj muaj ib daim ntawv qhia tawm.
Qe nta
Nyob rau hauv nurseries, lub ntsiab txoj kev ntawm reproduction ntawm columnar Kua ntoo yog budding. Tab sis mus noj lub stalks los ntawm lub pob tw yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim, vim tsis muaj sab ceg, thiab nws yog impractical mus txiav lub to top, uas yog ib tug txuas ntxiv ntawm lub ntsiab pob tw. Yog li ntawd, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm rau kev lag luam, lub stubs yog ntseeg tau sheared, uas stimulates branching ntawm sab. Yog li ntawd, txhua leej txhua tus txiv apple muaj 5-10 phaus.
Nyob rau hauv lub tsev, gardeners feem ntau graft petioles ntawm lawv nyiam columnar ntau yam mus rau ceg ntawm dog dig Kua ntoo. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub crown kom meej meej sawv tawm ib ceg, generously dai nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Shtamby grafted on noob stocks, txawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tom qab ntawm fruiting.
Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no
Sib cav tias lub caij ntuj no ntau yam ntawm apples tsis xav tau tshwj xeeb npaj rau lub txias, vim hais tias lawv tau txhaj tshuaj los ntawm lawv cov niam txiv genes tsawg thooj nyiaj. 
Qhov tseeb, qhov kev poob yog qhov tsis muaj kev vam meej. Tag nrho cov tub ntxhais hluas saplings, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj txhua kab, yog Attendance rhiab mus rau lub winters hnyav, yog li saib xyuas gardeners yog yuam ua hauj lwm kom pab cov nroj tsuag mus overwinter. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb nrog winters hnyav heev rau lub hom phiaj no, cov ntoo hauv paus cog rau hauv qhov kev sib tshuam, uas yog ntim nrog sawdust thiab nplooj poob thiab daus nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg.
Nyob rau hauv latitudes nrog ib tug temperate kev nyab xeeb, qhov no kev tsis yog xyaum, tab sis tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm nrog mulch, thiab sab saum toj yog them nrog cov khoom uas tsis-woven. Cov ntaub ntawv muab pov tseg ib nrab ntawm daim av los yog ceg ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo. Qhov no yog ua kom cov tshaib plab tsis txhob noj cov tawv ntoo. Koj tuaj yeem ua kom ntshai nrog cov ntxhiab tsw, tab sis txoj kev no tsis zoo npaum li qhov chaw nkaum ib kem.
