Siberia yog thaj av loj loj los ntawm thaj chaw kev nyab xeeb. Rau kev ua liaj ua teb nws yog ib qho chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo siab. Yuav kom loj hlob ib tug zoo sau nyob rau hauv hnyav mob yog heev problematic. Txawm li cas los, cog thiab cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv Siberia ntim qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua liaj / teb.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws qos ntau yam rau cultivation hauv Siberia
Ntau tshaj 400 ntau hom qos yaj ywm yog zus nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ob qho zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua yam yuav loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm lub hnyav Siberian txias. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua ib txoj hauj lwm zoo heev ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kabmob ntawm cov kabmob ntawm kabmob. Zoo tag nrho qos ntau yam rau cultivation nyob rau hauv Siberia yuav tsum yog li hardy li sai tau thaum fruitful:
- "Alena": ib fruitful qos ntau yam, txawv los ntawm tsis kam mus rau scab, qos carcinoma thiab rhizoctoniosis. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm loj oval tubers, them nrog tus liab liab tev, tolerates drought thiab kev thauj mus los.
- "Priekule Thaum Ntxov": nrov npe hu ua "plaub caug hnub" rau tus nqi ntawm kev laus. Nws yog ib lub vojvoog-qoob loo zaub uas npog nrog ib lub teeb tawv nqaij. Qhov ntau yam yog nthuav nyob rau hauv hais tias nws ripens ua ntej qhov pib ntawm ib tug kab mob nrog nws cov kab mob tau.
- "Hmoov zoo": tolerates tej huab cua, zoo kawg nkaus khaws, tsis nws tus kab mob. Ib tug ntau yam ntawm thaum ntxov ripening, muaj ib tug sib tov duab thiab ib tug nyias lub teeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- "Adretta": nws yog xam feem ntau "tenacious" ntau yam ntawm noob qos yaj ywm thiab yog zoo tagnrho rau cog nyob rau hauv Siberia. Nws muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov duab uas muaj nplua nuj daj. Ripens paus zaub rau 70 hnub, tau zoo saj thiab yog haum rau tag nrho cov hom kev kho kub.
- "Zhukovsky Ntxov": unpretentious, precocious ntau yam cia ntev. Nws muaj zoo heev saj, tsis boil muag thaum ua noj. Tubers yog them nrog pink liab smooth skinned, loj, nrog dawb huv nqaij.
Koj puas paub? Qos yaj ywm ntau yam sib txawv hauv qhov loj, saj, xim, cov duab, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Ntxiv nrog rau niaj zaus dawb thiab daj qos yaj ywm, muaj ntau yam ntawm liab, dub thiab xiav txawm. Frost-resistant hom uas tuaj yeem ua tau kom muaj peevxwm ua kom tsawg li -10 ° C thiab ntau yam uas tsis zoo rau Colorado qos beetle tau bred.
Cog lub sij hawm ntawm qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv Siberia
Raws li lub agrotechnology ntawm qos cultivation, lub hauv paus cog lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Siberia pib ntau tom qab tshaj nyob rau hauv lwm, ntau tshaj yav qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los yog tsis muaj sij hawm nruab nrab, txij Siberia nyob hauv peb lub sij hawm aav. Nyob rau hauv thaj chaw thaj tsam, cog ntawm qos yaj ywm pib raws li thaum ntxov raws li pib ntawm Tej zaum; nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm Siberia, lawv pib cog ob lub lim tiam tom qab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cog qos yaj ywm hauv Siberia muaj peev xwm raug rhuab mus rau 15 cm tob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, uas ncav 6-8 degrees ntawm tshav kub, thiaj li tsis txhob pluag kev loj hlob ntawm paus cov qoob loo.
Xaiv ib qho chaw loj hlob qos yaj ywm
Qos yaj ywm - photophilous nroj tsuagyog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau npaj rau nws txoj kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas tsis muaj tsob ntoo los yog cov nroj tsuag. Cog tubers yuav tsum tau mus rau lub teeb, xoob av, zoo fertilized nrog manure.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Chiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg nyob rau hauv kev khawb. Yog hais tias koj ua nws nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub qos yuav tuag.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav koj muaj peev xwm fertilize av nrog humus, compost, peat, nqaij qaib droppings.
Qos yaj ywm tsis tau cog tom qab cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo sib xws, lawv yuav muaj cov kab zoo sib xws los yog kab mob. Tsis tas yuav cog qoob loo qhov twg xyoo tas los lub teb chaws muaj tus kab mob nematode, scab, thiab lwm yam kab mob. Qos yaj ywm loj hlob zoo tom qab cabbage, beets, carrots, lettuce los yog dib.
Koj puas paub? Cov qos nroj tsuag yog poisonous, nws yog peev xwm ntawm accumulating solanine. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, berries yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv solanine, tab sis tubers tau kuj accumulate nws nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tshav ntuj (qhov no yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ntsuab xim ntawm tev).
Npaj ua haujlwm rau ntawm qhov chaw
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub caij ntuj no mus tshem cov av ntawm weeds thiab pests, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog mus khawb nws lub caij nplooj zeeg. Khawb tob mus rau qhov poom poom duav. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem nws yog ntshaw kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov rhizomes ntawm weeds, mus nrhiav thiab ua puas lub larvae ntawm May beetle, lub wireworm.
Tom qab kev khawb, yuav tsum tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam, yog li thaum lub sij hawm los nag cov dej tsis accumulate nyob rau hauv lawv, ua rau qos yaj ywm rot. Manure tuaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev khawb yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob twj ywm rau sab saum toj, pub kom nws yuav qhuav tawm thiab poob nws cov khoom.
Organic chiv txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm, tab sis lawv maj mam decompose, yog li lawv tsis siv thaum pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm. Los muab cov kab lis kev cai nrog cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsim thaum pib ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, cov pob zeb hauv av chiv siv, xws li superphosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, thiab ntoo tshauv.
Koj puas paub? Qos yaj ywm yog sib txawv tshwj xeeb tshaj nrog lwm cov khoom thiab yog txaus ntseeg rau tag nrho cov hau kev kho kub. Los ntawm ib tug tuber cim koj tau noj ntau tshaj li ob txhiab tsis tsuas thawj zaug thiab thib ob cov hoob kawm, tab sis kuj desserts.
Kev npaj ntawm cog cov khoom
Los ntawm kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis, noob qos yaj ywm muaj peev xwm npaj rau cog. Thaum txog 30-35 hnub nyob twj ywm ua ntej cog lub tubers, qos yaj ywm muaj peev xwm raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm cellar rau germination nyob rau hauv Siberia.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tua yuav tsum tawm sai sai thiab tau lub zog ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hnub. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog cog cov khoom uas tau tsim sprouts thiab paus buds yog cog.
Nruab nrab qhov loj me tubers yog tsim nyog rau cog. Yog hais tias lub tubers yog loj heev, lawv muaj peev xwm raug muab faib ua 2-3 qhov chaw ua ntej cog.
Ua ntej cog qos yaj ywm hauv av, cog cov khoom tsim nyog kom mob disinfect. Tubers yuav disinfected nrog boric acid, poov tshuaj permanganate (poov tshuaj permanganate) los yog qej infusion.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yuav tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm pests thiab pab raws li ib tug stimulator ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Cov kab no tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm soaking lawv hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau ob lub sij hawm, los yog los ntawm kev txau.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog ua tau kom spray cog cov khoom tsuas yog thaum tsis muaj sprouts on lub tubers.
Rau active germination ntawm kab lis kev cai thoob plaws hauv nws cov tubers yog ua ntxiv txiav. Lawv tau ua ob txoj kev - sib sau thiab ua haujlwm.
Ib qho transverse tob incision yog ua perpendicular rau tuber axis. Ib feem me me seem uncut, tsis pub ntau tshaj li ib centimeter tuab.
Nws yuav nthuav mus nyeem txog lwm yam zaub: rokambol, dos, okra, lagenaria, kua txob-kua, txiv lws suav, zaub qhwv, zucchini, cowpea.
Ib lub phais ntu zoo tshaj thiab ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv lub shingles yam mus rau qhov tob ntawm lub phloem txheej, txog li 1 cm.
Stimulating incisions raug ua txog ob lub hlis ua ntej lub tubers yog cog, kom txog thaum lub qhov muag pib germinate.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob koj yuav tsum xaiv kom noj qab haus huv cov noob thiab tuav txoj riam.
Cov txheej txheem thiab tswv yim ntawm cog qos yaj ywm hauv Siberia
Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li cog qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv Siberia kom raug, straw, nplooj ntoos litter los yog quav nyab yog siv raws li mulch tom qab txiav nroj nyom. Muaj tsawg kawg peb txoj kev nroj qos yaj ywm hauv thaj av no.
Tib kab - txoj kev ua haujlwm tshaj plaws. Cov khoom cog yog cog hauv cov kab ntawm 25 cm los ntawm txhua lwm yam Kev sib kis kab yog 60-70 cm Qhov tob ntawm cog qos yaj ywm nrog hom qauv no yog tsim rau txoj kev nyab xeeb hnyav hauv Siberia - tsuas yog 7 cm.
Siv - txoj kev tsaws tsoo uas siv rau ntawm qhov ntsuas. Cov qoob loo cog qoob loo cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab no muaj tsawg dua li ntawm 30 cm, thiab cov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo tsis muaj kev puas ntsoog.
Lub caj yog zoo li txoj kev cog ntawm furrows (ridges yog tau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 70 cm). Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov artificially created qhov siab ntawm kab, mus txog 20 cm Txoj kev cog qoob loo yog siv los ntawm overwetted "hnyav" av; nws tso cai rau koj sau qoob loo ua ntej ob lub lis piam.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsuas yog thaum lub ntiaj teb zoo li sov, koj yuav tsum tau cog qos yaj ywm hauv Siberia.
Lub thickness ntawm lub straw daim pam (mulch) nyob ntawm nws zoo - nplooj yuav tsum them rau hauv av los ntawm 15 cm, cereal txog li 40 cm.
Loj hlob thiab tu rau qos yaj ywm hauv Siberia
Kev tu qos yaj ywm hauv Siberia pib ua ntej cov kab mob. Kev tu cov qoob loo yog muab faib ua ob peb theem: dej, hos thiab xoob, hilling bushes, fertilization thiab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov pests.
Watering
Ib qho ntawm tseem ceeb tshaj qhov teeb meem cuam tshuam rau cov tawm los ntawm qoob loo. Thawj watering yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib nrab ib lub hlis tom qab rov tshwm sim ntawm tua.
Thaum twg lub budding theem pib, nws yog pom zoo kom tswj cov av noo noo. Yog hais tias lub ntiaj teb dries mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 7 cm vim qhuav huab cua, ib tug thib ob watering yog tsim nyog. Nws yog ntshaw mus rau dej thaum yav tsaus ntuj, siv li 7 liv dej rau txhua Bush. Yog hais tias lub caij no qhuav, ces koj yuav tsum tau dej lub qos yaj ywm txog li tsib zaug.
Ib hnub tom qab tsaws cov av yuav tsum tau loosened.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qos yaj ywm tshwj xeeb xav tau watering thaum lub sij hawm budding thiab tuberization.
Weeding thiab loosening cov av
Nws yog tsim nyog rau periodically loosen cov av, muab lub tubers nkag tau mus rau oxygen. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav nws los ntawm weeds. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua raws li txoj hauv kev raws li hauv av ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob.
Cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov keeb kwm huab cua muaj zog rau kev nce hauv qos tubers. Loos cov av dua li tom qab txhua tus los nag thiab ywg dej, rhuav tshem cov nroj tsuag thiab rhuav tshem cov kaub puab. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau kom txo lub siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau tubers.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Koj muaj peev xwm tsis nroj lub qos yaj ywm, yog hais tias nws tseem tsis tau tshwm sim los ntawm hauv av - koj muaj peev xwm puas qhov kev loj hlob taw tes ntawm seedling, thiab nws yuav tuag.
Hilling bushes
Lub rau hli ntuj frosts feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb cheeb tsam, yog li koj yuav tsum tau muab periodically tso mulch los ntawm mowed weeds, quav nyab thiab nyom.
Inter-row kev kho mob ntawm tubers tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais hluas nroj tsuag los ntawm Frost, tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag, accumulates noo noo thiab muab ib tug zoo huab cua khiav mus rau lub keeb kwm.
Thawj hilling yog ua tiav sai sai tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tua ntawm qos yaj ywm.
Thaum cov nroj tsuag nce ntawm hauv av ntawm 15-17 cm, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los spud ib tug thib ob lub sij hawm thiab weed weeds.
Koj puas paub? Qhov loj tshaj plaws tuber twb zus nyob rau hauv Lebanon thiab weighed ntau tshaj 11 kg.
Fertilization
Qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tau pub rau noj organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv.
Rau lub caij nws yog pom zoo rau fertilize qos yaj ywm peb zaug. Thawj noj yog tsim rau txoj kev loj hlob zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas saum. Feem ntau, urea yog siv rau qhov no.
Qhov thib ob lub sij hawm lub qos yog fertilized rau kom sai li lub flowering txheej txheem ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm budding. Siv nyob rau hauv no tshauv thiab poov tshuaj sulfate.
Qhov thib peb hnav khaub ncaws thaum lub sij hawm flowering nce li txoj kev ntawm tuber tsim. Nws yog tsim siv superphosphate.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Fertilize qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tsuas yog tom qab watering los yog los nag.
Kev tiv thaiv kab tsuag
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj muaj peev xwm tsis cog qos yaj ywm nyob rau tib qhov chaw ntawm lub site, nws yog zoo dua mus rau lwm qhov chaw rau qej thiab taub dag, piv txwv li. Yog li koj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau thaum ntxov pom ntawm pests ntawm qos yaj ywm.
Muaj ntau ntawm cov tshuaj uas pab tau tshem ntawm pests thiab kab mob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm. Ib txhia gardeners tseem tswj kev ncaj ncees, xws li xab npum thiab vitriol. Lub ntsiab ob sab mus rau cultivation ntawm ib tug nplua nuj qos qoob loo yog cov Medvedka, Colorado qos beetle, wireworm, scab thiab lig blight.
Colorado qos beetle hu ua ib tug qos killer. Muab nws tshem tawm los ntawm kev sau thiab rhuav tshem kab tsuag ntawm qe rau cov laus. Tsis tas li siv broths celandine rau spraying cog cheeb tsam thiab cog rau cov qos nroj tsuag, frightening lub Kab Tsuag nrog nws tsis hnov tsw (taum los yog coriander).
Insecticides yuav pab tau koj nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam qos pests: Bitoxibacillin, Inta-vir, Karbofos, Aktara, Bi-58.
Yuav tiv thaiv wireworm, larvae ntawm nias beetle, siv chiv muaj ammonia. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tas li loosen cov av thiab tau tshem ntawm weeds. Nws yog ntshaw kom txo tau cov acidity ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm kev ntxiv cov kab yas qaub los yog dolomite hmoov rau nws.
Medvedka - Nws yog ib tug kabmob uas noj cov tubers thiab qos keeb kwm. Lawv tau tshem ntawm nws los ntawm tob digging hauv av nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, scaring tawm ntse coniferous los yog qej odors, thiab obligatory raws sij hawm harvesting. Qee lub sij hawm ntsev tov, kua xiav kua, kua tooj liab sulfate los yog tshuaj lom los ntawm kab yog poured rau hauv lub qhov.
Scab - Qhov no yog ib tug mob fungal, nws cuam tshuam lub qos tubers. Cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab lis kev cai nrog manganese sib txuas los yog boric acid yuav pab tau tshem ntawm nws. Cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob scab yuav tsum tau khawb nrog rau hauv av thiab hlawv. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis tus kabmob no mus rau tom hav zoov thiab nroj tsuag ntawm lub caij tom ntej.
Lig blightlos sis qos yaj ywm rot yog ib hom kab mob loj uas tsim muaj cua sov thiab sov.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lig blight - ib tug kab mob uas cuam tshuam tuberous, thiab nplooj ntoos ntawm cov qos yaj ywm. Txhua xyoo qoob loo muaj li 15% ntawm nws.
Txhawm rau tshem ntawm fungus, koj yuav siv tau fungicides los yog ci ntsa iab ntsuab.
Yuav kom tsis txhob tshwm sim ntawm lig blight, koj muaj peev xwm zam lub txuam nrog ntawm noo on hauv av thiab cog qos yaj ywm tom ntej mus rau lwm cov solanaceous cov qoob loo, fertilizing cov av nrog poov tshuaj thiab phosphorus.
Harvesting thiab cia ntawm qoob loo
Harvesting siv qhov chaw tom qab lub saum pib qhuav. Thaum ntxov ntau yam ntawm qos yaj ywm muaj nyob rau hauv Siberia los ntawm nruab nrab lub yim hli ntuj, thaum lwm tus, nyob ntawm huab cua, raug tua los ntawm nruab nrab lub Cuaj hlis mus rau thawj xyoo ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj.
Koj puas paub? Monuments rau qos yaj ywm tau tsa nyob rau hauv Minsk, Mariinsk thiab Besezhezha (Poland). Nyob rau hauv Korosten (Ukraine) muaj ib qho monument ntawm qos pancakes. Nyob rau hauv Bruges (Belgium) thiab Blackfoot (USA) cov tuam tsev tshwj xeeb yog qhib rau qos yaj ywm raug qhib.
Ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej harvesting lub saum yuav tsum tau mowed. Qhov no tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm fungal kab mob, pab txhawb rau ib tug zoo dua ripening ntawm paus cov qoob loo thiab compaction ntawm lawv cov tawv nqaij. Digging qos yaj ywm nrog ib tug shovel los yog pitchfork yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev tsis txhob puas nws, txij thaum lub sij hawm cia puas tubers yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob.
Ib tug haum kub rau khaws cia qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv Siberia yog 2-4 ° S, cua humidity yog 90-92%. Qos yaj ywm feem ntau khaws cia nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, chaw tso khaub ncaws los yog hauv av. Cov nyiaj qos yaj ywm ntev ntev yuav ua kom lawv lub ziab qhuav, ntxuav tawm ntawm cov seem hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab tshem tawm cov qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob los yog raug mob.
Loj hlob zoo qos yaj ywm hauv Siberia yog qhov tseeb tiag. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog ua raws li qee txoj cai ntawm cultivation thiab xaiv ntau yam uas tsim nyog.
