Nws yog ib txwm nthuav kom tau ntsib cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab tshiab; tam sim ntawd nws muaj lub siab xav cog cov nroj tsuag ntawm nws tus kheej lub cev.
Muaj coob tus neeg pib xyaum winegrowers txawm pib tsim lawv cov tswv yim thiab kev lag luam los ntawm tsim kom muaj cov qoob loo ntawm cov laus qub rau lawv tus kheej.
Yeej tsis muaj coob tus neeg ua tau zoo hauv qhov no, tab sis kuj muaj cov neeg nyiam heev uas tau sau lawv lub npe nyob hauv phau ntawv qhia txog kev vixaj.
Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov lovers, nws lub npe yog Zagorulko, zoo li nws cov creation hu ua "Sophia", thiab qhia rau koj hauv qab no.
Ntaus ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab fruiting ntawm Sofia grapes: lub ntsiab qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Grapes "Sofia" yog hais txog lub rooj txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam: nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog noj berries ncaj qha tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov saj ntawm grapes yog tsuas zoo heev. Qhov ntau yam tau txais nws cov qualities ntawm xws li grape cov ntaub ntawv raws li qhov zoo-paub "Arcadia" thiab "Kishmish Radiant". Lub dag zog ntawm V.V. Zagorulko pub rau tsis tau tsuas yog six, tab sis kuj sustainable txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nrog ib tug es cheeb tsam ntawm nws cov cultivation.
Cas lub pawg ntawm Sofia txiv hmab txiv ntoo saib thiab ua li cas nws txawv los ntawm lwm yam?
Ib qho loj ntxiv rau ntawm no ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tias nws pawg yog loj loj thiab muaj ib qho zoo nkauj heev. Qhov loj ntawm ib pawg nruab nrab yog 1 kilogram, txawm hais tias cov neeg coob tuaj txog qhov hnyav ntawm 2.5-3 kilograms. Cov berries nyob rau pawg yog muab tso rau tightly, xoob pawg ntawm on Bush tsis pom. Vim li no, txawm tias muaj tsawg tsawg ntawm cov pawg ntawd, nws qhov hnyav tuaj yeem ncav cuag kev ua haujlwm siab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no ntau yam yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm loj loj berries, uas yog lub qe-puab. Raws li, qhov loj ntawm nruab nrab Berry yog 3,3 x 2 centimeters, uas kom meej meej qhia lawv elongated cov duab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws cov cim ntawm qhov ceeb thawj ntawm grape berries "Sofia" yog 15 grams. Tab sis lawv tsis txawv los ntawm qhov loj thiab cov duab, tab sis ib tug heev me heev liab xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij xim.
Tsis tas li ntawd, vim lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov saj ntawm no ntau yam yog heev me ntsis thiab qab ntxiag, nrog cov yam ntxwv aroma ntawm nutmeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias qhov txaus ntim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm no ntau yam, nws yog tiag tsis tau xav tias thaum noj mov. Qhov tsuas yog teeb meem yuav muaj lub xub ntiag ntawm 1-2 cov noob nyob rau hauv heev loj berries. Txawm li cas los, parthenocarpy, uas yog, seedless berries, tsim nyob rau Sophia grape Bush heev feem ntau.
Cov tawm los ntawm grapes "Sofia": nta ntawm ripening thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshem tawm
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tus tawm los ntawm grapes ntawm no ntau yam yuav hu ua zoo. Vim lub voosous shrub thiab uniform ripening ntawm tua, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau txais ib qho txaus tus nqi ntawm cov as-ham thiab zoo muab nrog tshav ntuj. Txawm tias muaj qhov tseeb tias Bush tau tsuas yog ib tug poj niam paj, nws yog heev susceptible rau pollen los ntawm lwm yam ntau yam, yog li yields kuj tsim tsis tshee.
Tsis pom thiab pea berries, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv bushes nrog tib-poj niam txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho, lub Bush yog pollinated los ntawm pollen ntawm nws tus kheej niam txiv, lub Arcadia ntau.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam "Sofia" yog hais txog ib qho ntawm qhov ntxov tshaj plaws. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub Bush ntse dhau nyob rau hauv cia li 110-115 hnubuas tso cai rau koj mus pib harvesting grape sau nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm Lub yim hli ntuj.
Luv luv txog qhov zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsim ntawm cov txiv hmab "Sofia"
• Muaj ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj cov qoob loo zoo ntawm kev lag luam thiab saj.
• Frost tsis kam rau lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Ukraine thiab Russia yog heev siab - lub Bush tolerates ib tug txo nyob rau hauv kub kom -21ºС. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem xav tau vaj tse, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsaws nyob rau ntau thaj chaw qaum teb.
• Nws tolerates tshav kub thiab drought zoo, tab sis nrog ib lub caij nyoog ntev tshav kub, grape bunches yuav tsum tau them nrog nplooj.
• Sophia txiv hmab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob zoo li no. Raws li oidium thiab mealy dew.
• Muaj coob tus nyiam los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo ntau yam rau kev thauj mus los, uas tso cai rau nws yuav cog noob.
• Faib ntawm ntau yam yog txhawb los ntawm qhov zoo heev rooting ntawm cuttings thiab muaj qhov ntawm seedlings ntawm ib tug zoo paus tsim system.
Yuav ua li cas yog cov imperfections ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Sofia": qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam
Muaj ntau xav tias nws ib tug zoo disadvantage ntawm grape ntau yam ntawm no paj kom muaj tsuas yog poj niam functions nyob rau hauv nws cov paj. Txawm li cas los, V. Zagorulko nws tus kheej hais tias qhov tseeb no yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev xav txog ntawm tawm los. Qhov tseeb yog tias txiv hmab txiv ntoo inflorescences ntawm "Sophia" muaj ntau ntawm paj, uas ua rau lawv unusually susceptible rau pollen los ntawm lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Ntxiv mus, lub sij hawm ntawm flowering ntawm no grape yog ntev ntev, thiab ua ke nrog lub peev xwm ntawm pistil kom khaws noo noo zoo, Bush tau pollinated ncaj qha los ntawm ob peb ntau yam uas Bloom nyob rau hauv parallel nrog nws.
Coob leej tsis muaj "Sophia" yog txoj kev ntshaus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm kev ua si.
Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tawm ib ripened qoob loo rau ib tug Bush, vim hais tias tsis tsuas yog nws yuav poob nws cov qualities, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm tsuas crumble.
Kev kawm cog cov txiv hmab: cov lus qhia ntxiv thiab cov lus pom zoo
Tsis ntau ntawm peb muaj zog nyob rau hauv agronomy, thiab txawm ntau li nyob rau hauv cog grapes. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, qhov kev lag luam no tsis yog ib qho nyuaj, tab sis nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab cov cai, yam uas koj tsis tau tsuas yog loj hlob ib qho frail thiab tsis-fruiting Bush, tab sis kuj ua puas lub seedling. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb kom paub hais tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo grape saplings yog heev susceptible rau tsawg kub thiab kab mob.
Yog li, txhua yam kev puas tsuaj los yog tsaws tsis nyob rau hauv txoj cai lub sij hawm yuav txo tag nrho koj cov dag zog hauv lub qhov dej. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, peb xav kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm cog Sofia grapes.
Ib me ntsis txog ntawm txoj kev ntawm yug me nyuam ntau yam "Sofia"
Grapes muaj heev yooj yim thiab sai rooted cuttings, yog li ntawd, nws yuav propagated tsis tsuas yog los ntawm cog seedlings zus los ntawm noob. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias qhov no kuj yog qhov zoo, koj yuav tsum them nyiaj rau cov hauv qab no:
• Inoculation varietal cuttings mus rau Tshuag nrog ib tug loj pes tsawg tus ntoo matured. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, nws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm loj hlob ib grape Bush sai sai thiab zoo, txij li thaum twb nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm grafting nws yuav muaj ib tug zoo-tsim paus system. Yog li, xws li grapes yuav tsim sai sai, thiab muaj peev xwm pib fruiting ib xyoo ntxov.
Txawm li cas los, qhov zoo ntawm lub Tshuag yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Bush: txawm qhov tseeb tias Bush ntawm ntau yam "Sophia" yog vigorous, thaum grafting ib tug txiav ntawm no ntau yam mus rau lub Tshuag luv luv, lub tshiab Bush yuav feem ntau yuav kuj tsim undersized.
• Luam ntawm grapes "Sofia" nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kais dej. Qhov no muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug zoo, ntev thiab muaj zog tua yog npaum li cas tawm los ntawm ib tug loj fruiting Bush. Nws dag rau hauv av thiab them nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm av. Yog hais tias cov av yog qhuav, nws yog ib qho zoo rau ntub nws. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, tus tua yuav siv paus thiab yog hais tias koj txiav nws los ntawm lub ntsiab Bush, ces tshem tawm tau yuav transplanted li zoo li tej yub.
Lawm, cog txiv hmab nrog seedlings, ob qho tib si grafted thiab zus los ntawm noob los yog varietal cuttings, kuj muab zoo heev tshwm sim. Ntxiv mus, vim yog lub peev xwm zoo rau daim keeb kwm nyob rau hauv seedlings ntawm no ntau yam, lawv paus system yog heev zoo tsim. Qhov tseeb no muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev rau ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov yub rau qhov chaw tshiab thiab ua rau kev loj hlob.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub sij hawm ntawm cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Sofia"
Grapes muaj peev xwm yuav cog tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig, txij thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus rau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Txhua yam yuav vam khom rau txoj kev uas koj xaiv. Txwv tsis pub, tsis muaj qhov txawv los yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ib los sis lwm txoj kev tsaws.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, seedlings feem ntau yog cog, uas raug khaws cia kom txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv Autumn los yog cov neeg uas tau zus los ntawm cuttings. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, thawj yuav cog pib los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis, sai li sai tau sai dua ib qho dej sov los yog tsawg dua. Yuav kom tiv thaiv no seedling los ntawm npaj txhij frosts, nws yog them nrog ib tug yooj yim cardboard lub thawv nrog ib tug qhov rau saum.
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov May, nws yuav tau muab tshem tawm. Tab sis seedlings zus los ntawm cuttings tau cog txawm nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog zoo dua tos kom txog thaum xws li ib sapling hlob zoo nyob rau hauv ib lub khob nrog av, thiaj li tsis mus puas nws thaum transplanting mus rau hauv qhib av.
Ntxiv ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog:
• Cov txiv neej hluas grapevine muaj sij hawm los kho kom zoo thiab nkag mus hauv qhov chaw tshiab. Hauv paus system yog tsim, uas yog twb muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej noj lub Bush nrog muab kev pab cuam thiab xws li tsim nyog noo noo.
• Cov menyuam yaus cog ntoo pib sai dua.
Autumn cog ntawm grapes feem ntau yog nqa tawm tom qab no nroj tsuag mus rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub caij ntuj no dormancy. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no hais tias seedlings yuav transplanted mus rau ib qho chaw mus tas li ntawm kev loj hlob, thiab cuttings yuav harvested thiab grafted (tab sis lub grafting ntawm cuttings yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yog hais tias lub cuttings harvested thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg yuav khaws cai).
Tab sis nws tseem tseem ceeb heev tias frosts loj heev tseem tsis tau pib, uas yuav ua tau puas tsuas yog lub grapes cog. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub tuaj frosts yog lub xwb disadvantage ntawm cog grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, txawm hais tias txwv tsis pub muaj ntau yam zoo:
• Nyob rau hauv Autumn nws yog yooj yim dua mus nrhiav txoj cai thiab high-quality seedling ntawm varietal grapes.
• Thaum cog hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yub yog, qhov tseeb, tsuas muab cia rau hauv av, thiab cia koj pib loj hlob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav sai dua.
• Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov av ntau dua li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, uas tshem tawm qhov teebmeem xws li kev yub me me rau cov dej tsis tu ncua.
Xaiv ib qho chaw zoo rau cog grapes "Sofia"
Sophia grapes yog heev thermophilic. Txawm nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav ntuj thiab high kub, nws tsis puas, tshwj tsis yog tias berries muaj peev xwm hlawv me ntsis yog hais tias lawv tsis them nrog nplooj. Yog li, rau cog ntau yam, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw zoouas yuav tsis tau shaded los ntawm vaj tse thiab lwm cov vaj cog nroj tsuag.
Ntxiv mus, thaum lub sij hawm flowering, grapes yog tsuas yog contraindicated los ntawm txias cua, uas tau ua tag nrho cov xim tag nrho. Vim li no, nws pom zoo kom tias txiv quav ntswv nyoos yuav cog rau sab qab teb los yog sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm ib lub tsev los yog lwm lub tsev uas yuav ua haujlwm ua daim npog rau nws.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xaiv ib qho av zoo rau cog. Txawm hais tias lub grape tsis yog ib tug tshwj xeeb yog fastidious qoob loo, nws yog precisely no tias yuav txiav txim siab ob qho kev loj hlob lub hwj chim ntawm Bush thiab cov ntsiab ntawm nws fruiting. Yog li, txawm hais tias cov av tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fertile, nws muaj peev xwm "reclaimed":
• Ntxiv cov nyiaj ntau ntawm cov chiv.
• Av nplaum av yuav tsum tau diluted nrog cov xuab zeb, thiab xuab zeb tshaj lij, nrog av nplaum.
• Tsim cov dej kua hauv av xau dej nyob ze rau ntawm qhov chaw.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov muaj zog-loj hlob Bush yuav tsum tau ntau ntawm qhov chaw, uas nws tag yuav siv nws tua. Yog li ntawd, thaum cog ob peb bushes koj yuav tsum tau rov qab tawm yam tsawg 3-4 meters, tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog 6.
Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau paub txog tus txheej txheem ntawm cog grapes nrog kev pab los ntawm seedlings: cov lus qhia step-by-step
Ua ntej cog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas xaiv cov sapling kom raug thiab npaj qhov aub tsiv. Ib tug zoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedling yuav tsum muaj ib tug zoo-tsim dawb paus system thiab ib tug ntsuab txiav. Ua ntej cog nws yog immersed nyob rau hauv dej thiaj li hais tias nws sau ib tug txaus tus nqi ntawm noo noo.
Kev npaj ntawm lub qhov dej yog tus neeg muaj lub luag haujlwm ntau heev. Nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsawg kawg yog ob lub lis piam ua ntej yuav tsaws. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum ib tug seedling yog faus, nws cov hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum yog nyob twj ywm saum saum npoo av. Yog hais tias koj cog nws nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab aub tsiv, cov av nyob rau hauv nws yuav eventually settle, thiab hauv paus ntseg tsho yuav nyob rau hauv av. Rau qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau muab cov sij hawm av los txiav txim.
• Peb ua qhov tob ntawm qhov aub tsiv tsawg kawg yog 0.8 meters thiab nteg on nws qab ib tug sib tov ntawm zoo fertile av thiab 2-3 thoob ntawm humus. From saum toj no xws li fertilizer yog sau nrog yooj yim av mus rau theem, thaum muaj txaus qhov chaw rau cog lub seedling. Lub qhov dej yog nyob rau ib ntus ua ntej yuav tsaws.
• Lub yauv tso rau hauv ib qho chaw uas npaj thiab ua tib zoo maj mam ua kom tiav. Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem, ib thoob dej yog poured rau hauv aub tsiv, uas yuav compact cov av. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus pit yog faus kiag.
• Sapling tom qab cog plentifully watered. Cov av nyob ib ncig nws yog them nrog mulch.
Nta grafting grape "Sofia" mus rau Tshuag
Yuav kom qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom muaj kev vam meej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau npaj cov cuttings thiab cov khoom nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv kev, cuttings yuav tsum tau npaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Ua ntej cov tshuaj ntsuab, lawv qhov qis yog txiav tawm ntawm ob tog, ua ib qho khoom txom ncauj. Tom qab ntawd, lub txiav yog muab tso rau hauv dej. Sab qaum ntawm qhov txiav yog waxed, uas yuav ua rau lub neej ntawm kev txiav kom txog rau thaum nws tau ntse rooted. Kev npaj ntawm Tshuag muaj cov hauv qab no:
• Tshem cov txhuam nruj nruj. Koj yuav tsum tawm ntawm qhov siab ntawm qhov siab ntawm 10 centimeters xwb.
• Cov ntuag hlais tau sib zog. Tshem tag nrho cov av.
• Raws nraim hauv nruab nrab ib qho kev sib faib ua rau kev txiav yuav raug txiav.
Peb tso peb cov txiav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib cais, kev sib sib zog nqus tsuas yog lub hauv paus rau hauv nws. Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav tsum tau muab khi kom ruaj, rub lub Tshuag nrog qaum lossis muaj ntaub qhwv nqaij. Nws yog pom zoo kom smear qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj nrog ntub av nplaum, uas yuav khaws noo noo. Lub Tshuag yog ces watered thiab cov av yog them nrog mulch.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog kev luam ntawm girlish grapes cuttings
Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau paub txog kev saib xyuas ntawm cov txiv hmab "Sofia": luv luv txog lub ntsiab yam
• Grapes xav tau ntau ntawm cov dej noo. Rau vim li cas, ua ntej flowering thiab tom qab ua tiav ntawm no txoj kev, lub Bush yuav tsum tau watered. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov txiv hmab thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev ntxhab.
• Tom qab ntub dej, cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Bush yog them nrog 3 cm txheej ntawm mulch. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus siv twb blackened sawdust, ntxhuab los yog humus.
• Noj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tu ncua. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau chiv thaum lub sij hawm fruiting. Phosphorus-poov tshuaj chiv, raws li tau zoo raws li qhov qhia txog humus rau kev khawb, muaj ib tug zoo zoo nyob rau hauv no kab lis kev cai. Koj tuaj yeem ua nitrogen, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem ua rau nws ntau dua.
• Cov txiv hmab yuav tsum tau mus txhawm rau. Txhua txhua lub caij nplooj zeeg, los yog nrog qhov pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm txhua tua los ntawm tsawg kawg 4-6 qhov muag. Tus duab ntawm Bush yog zoo dua tawm ib kiv cua.
• Rau lub caij ntuj no, cov txiv hmab yuav tsum duav. Cov tub ntxhais hluas hluas tuaj yeem ntog pw tsaug zog nrog xuab zeb, ua ntej ntsia saum lawv qab baklazhka yam tsis muaj hauv qab. Hla loj ua zaj duab xis corridors.
• Tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej ntawm cov nplooj ntoo ua ntej thiab tom qab pab tua cov kab mob. Kev npaj "Antracol" lossis "Bordeaux kua" yog siv.
