Nordman fir yog ib qho zoo nkauj ornamental cog nrog uas koj tau decorate tej tus kheej thaj av. Yog li ntawd koj yuav tau decorate koj cuab ntxhiab nrog no zoo nkauj ntoo, hauv qab no peb yuav qhia rau koj ntau ntxiv txog Nordman fir thiab txog nws cov cog thiab kev kho mob.
Nordman fir: piav qhia
Fir Nordman, los yog Caucasian yog ib tsob ntoo loj, uas yog thawj zaug tau tshawb ntawm botanist Alexander von Nordman, nyob rau hauv uas nws hwm thiab tau txais nws lub npe. Cov nroj tsuag muaj rau cov ntoo ntoo uas muaj peev xwm loj tuaj mus rau 60, thiab qee zaus txog li 80 m ntawm qhov siab (peb tab tom tham txog tej yam kev mob ntawm kev loj hlob).
Yog tias koj xav cog rau ntawm koj lub chaw Nordman, thov kom them nyiaj rau nws piav qhia:
- lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo yog txawv los ntawm ib tug zoo-puab puab, uas muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 2-3 m nyob rau hauv lub cheeb;
- lub cev ntawm ib tsob ntoo yog tuab; hauv qab ntuj loj hlob nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 2 m inch;
- cov xim thiab cov qauv ntawm lub txig hloov nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tsob ntoo - nyob rau ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog nws yog tus grey-xim av, pib tawg nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau paub tab thiab ua darker dull;
- ceg ntawm lub pob tw yog densely, txhua tus me ntsis tsa;
- Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua tau cov xim ntsuab nrog lub teeb yellowness, dai kom zoo nrog koob luv thiab ntxuav;
- lub ntsiab ceg yog them nrog ntsuab ntsuab koob, ci iab saum toj thiab dull hauv qab;
- qhov ntev ntawm qhov koob yuav ncav cuag 4 cm; thaum rubbed, ib tug nplua nuj pine aroma yog muaj kev xav, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm muaj ib qho loj ntawm roj nyob rau hauv koob;
- tus neeg laus tuaj yeem tawg paj txhua xyoo (Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj-Lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj), muaj ob hom txiv neej thiab poj niam; cov txiv neej cov paj tau hais ua paj kauj nrog ib lub voj voog, thiab poj niam cov paj yog cov ntsej muag ntsuab, uas yog tsim nyob hauv lub apex ntawm cov yas;
- cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj tuaj mus txog 20 cm ntawm ntev li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo; lawv ua rau cov ceg ntoo vertically, muaj ceg luv; tsis paub qab hau cones muaj xim ntsuab, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm maturation, lawv ua xim kasfes thiab ntxhib;
- hauv paus system yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av: yog hais tias cov av yog mos, hauv paus system mus tob rau hauv paus, yog hais tias av nplaum thiab rocky - kis ze ntawm lub saum npoo.
Koj puas paub? Vim nws cov attractiveness, Nordman fir yog siv nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws raws li ib tug Xyoo Tshiab tsob ntoo.
Raws li muaj kev mob loj, Caucasian fir muaj peev xwm nyob rau li 700 xyoo. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tias qhov nce ntawm tsob ntoo yog kev cai tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas.
Nrov hom evergreen fir kuj yog balsamic thiab Kauslim. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov zoo nkauj, fir twb tseem kho thaj chaw.
Qhov loj ntau yam
Tsob ntoo muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntau yam, ntawm cov uas koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau koj:
- 'Golden Spreader'. Dwarf fir, uas muaj ib qho kev loj hlob zuj zus. Rau 10 xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob kom nquag plias, tsob ntoo muaj peev xwm ncab tsis tshaj li 1 meter. Tib lub kauj piv txog nws cov yas. Lub koob ntawm no ntau yam yog me me - tsuas yog 2 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, muaj ib tug Golden-daj xim nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem thiab daj-dawb nyob rau hauv qis ib. Qhov ntau yam yog ntau adapted rau cultivation nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Ukraine, feem ntau siv los tsim pob zeb teb.
- 'Jadwiga'. Qhov ntau yam yog ib tug hybrid, ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam uas muaj kev loj hlob sai thiab ib lub voj voog nrog tsaus ntsuab ntsuab hauv qab hauv qab. Thermophilous txaus tsob ntoo.
- 'Pendula'. Ib tsob ntoo loj heev, txawm li ntawd los, nws muaj qeeb qeeb qeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv ib nqaim crown, hom tuab nplooj them nrog lush ntsuab koob. Qhov no ntau yam yog xav mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cultivation - nws yog pom zoo kom cog tawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm drafts cheeb tsam nrog high humidity. Nws zoo nkaus li zoo rau cov chaw me me.
Koj puas paub? Lub ntuj tsim nroj tsuag ntawm Nordman fir npog tag nrho Caucasus, Qaib ntxhw thiab txawm lub teb chaws ntawm Middle East. Tsob ntoo no tuaj yeem tsim cov nroj tsuag ntim cov kab uas muaj nyob hauv, uas nyob ib sab tsuas yog qhov muag.
Dab tsi koj yuav tsum paub txog cog nroj tsuag
Tus npau suav ntawm Caucasian fir ntawm lub dacha yog ua tau txawm tias muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm koj lub caij ntuj sov lub caij ntuj sov, raws li nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm no tsob ntoo yog unpretentious. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, koj tuaj yeem kho nws tus kheej kom zoo dua qub rau koj cov nroj tsuag.
Xaiv qhov chaw tsaws chaw
Caucasian fir yog ib tsob ntoo uas nthuav dav zuj zus hauv thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam li ntawm 1200 metres saum hiav txwv. Yog li ntawd, nws qhia tau hais tias tus nqi qis tshaj plaws hauv cov cheeb tsam qis, uas, txawm li cas los, tsis tseem ceeb rau kev cog qoob loo. Lub ntsiab feature (nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm ib co ntau yam) yog lub peev xwm kom nquag plias hlob nyob rau hauv shady thiab zoo-qhov chaw. Qhov no tsob ntoo tsis ntshai ntawm txawm muaj zog cua, tab sis prefers cheeb tsam nrog high humidity.
Yam av zoo li cas rau kev loj hlob zoo
Caucasian fir Nordman hlub noj qab haus huv xau nplua nuj nyob rau hauv pob zeb hauv av chiv. Loam yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov cog: tab sis, qhov zoo ntawm tsob ntoo loj kuj tseem pom tias thaum cog hauv cov xau pob txha hnyav.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Fir yuav tsum propagated tsuas yog los ntawm ripened noob, vim vegetative txoj kev qhia lawv tus kheej los ntawm ib sab phem heev. Cuttings yuav tsis khom rau tag nrho los yog noj paus nrog nyuaj nyuaj. Raws li rau cov noob, lawv cov ripening tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj - pib ntawm Kaum ib hlis. Tsuas yog cov noob uas lawv tus kheej ya tawm ntawm qhov qhib cov hlua khaus pom zoo.
Tsav cov cai
Txij li thaum lub Caucasian fir breeds tsuas yog nrog noob, lawv yog stratified 1.5-2 lub hlis ua ntej cog. Ua li no, cov noob raug muab tso rau hauv cov av twb muab ntim rau hauv lub khob thiab sab laug hauv lub tub yees los yog hauv qab daus. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub noob yog germinated nyob rau hauv warmth, thiab lub resulting seedlings yog spiked rau hauv loj ntim. Feem ntau yog cov nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob rau hauv pots rau 5-7 xyoos thiab tsuas yog tom qab uas nws yog transplanted mus rau hauv qhib hauv av. Qhov no yog vim lub instability ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings uas yuav tuag nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob nyav.
Tom ntej no mus rau fir, koj muaj peev xwm kuj tau cog: spruce, larch, roob tshauv, Thunberg barberry, thuja, Pine, juniper.
Xav txog cov xwm txheej tau piav los saum no, nws raug pom zoo cog qoob loo rau ntawm qhov chaw hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub noob qe uas tau txais hauv ib qho chaw zov me nyuam. Rau qhov no, lub qhov taub yog ib qhov tob ntawm 80 cm thiab ib qhov dav ntawm 60 cm. Nws raug pom zoo kom ntxiv ib txheej ntawm cov kua qis, qhov kuaj pom yog thaum cog ntoo (pob zeb los yog pob zeb siv rau qhov no). Rau kev vam meej thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo, npaj av sib tov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov khoom faib:
- xuab zeb - 14.5%;
- humus - 14.5%;
- av nplaum - 28%;
- peat - 42%.
Kev kho mob nta
Nordman fir tsis yog xav tau kev pab tu, txawm li cas los, nyob ntawm seb yuav mob li cas, nws tseem yuav tsum tau ntsia tom qab.
Watering thiab pub cov nroj tsuag
Nordman fir nyob rau hauv loj hlob yuav tsum tau periodic watering thiab fertilizing, uas yog nqa tawm tsuas yog thaum lub caij loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo. Watering yog nqa tawm tsuas yog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas saplings, paub tab ntoo tsis tau watered nyob rau hauv tag nrho, raws li lawv cov hauv paus system yog tag nrho peev xwm ntawm muab loj ntoo nrog noo noo. Raws li rau dressings, lawv pib yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog los ntawm 5-6 xyoos tom qab cog. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv kua dav npaj rau fertilizer conifers rau fertilizer.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Caucasian fir muaj ib tug zoo tsis kam mus rau tsawg kub. Tsob ntoo ntawm nruab nrab hnub nyoog tau yooj yim tswg frosts mus txog -30 °C, thiab nrog hnub nyoog, qhov chaw pib no tsuas nce siab. Tab sis ntawm no cov tub ntxhais hluas saplings yog ntshai Frost, yog li ntawd nws yog pom zoo kom ua tib zoo npog lawv rau lub caij ntuj no.
Kev tu xyuas av
Cov menyuam yaus sab ntawm fir fireplace zoo heev rau cov zej zog, vim li no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau khaws cov ntoo hauv cov ntoo hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws huv. Yuav kom tswj tau ntev dua, nws raug pom zoo kom tsis tu ncua cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Caucasian fir, siv rotten sawdust rau lub hom phiaj no.
Pruning
Nordman fir feem ntau tsis yuav tsum tau pruning. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias koj xav kom tsob ntoo ntau zoo nkauj, pruning yog heev tau. Qhov xav tau rau nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv relation mus rau qub ntoo, on uas ntau ntawm withered ceg tshwm. Yog li ntawd hais tias lawv tsis lwj qhov tsos ntawm tsob ntoo - cov ceg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom zoo zoo nrog ib tug pom, tsis nco qab kev ua ntawm qhov txiav tawm-qhov chaw. 
Cog Cov Kab Mob thiab Kab Tsuag
Cov kab mob Caucasian yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau kab tsuag, tiam sis qhov zoo ntawm nws cov koob kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv raws li tsis zoo tsim nyog tej yam kev mob (qhov kev nyab xeeb yog tsis haum, cov av los yog tsis txaus fertilizers) ib txhia kab mob kuj yuav cuam tshuam no ntoo. Peb yuav tau ntsib cov teeb meem ntawm Nordman fir nyob rau hauv ntau yam.
- yog tias cov koob pib tawg paj thiab zib ntab tshwm rau nws - tej zaum yuav fir raug ntaus los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog, uas yuav pab tshem tau cov pob kab ntxau soaped hauv kua nplaum los ntawm cov ciav hlau;
- cobwebs thiab daj-xim av rau ntawm koob - ib qho tseeb kos npe ntawm ib tug kab laug sab mite, uas yog yuav luag tsis raug tshem tawm ntawm ib tsob ntoo laus; dwarf fir zoo siab pom zoo kom tau txau nrog cov roj paj ntoo thiab cov qej paj;
- ib txheej dawb ntawm cov koob ntawm fir feem ntau tawm Hermes, uas tsuas yog cov tshuaj tua kabmob zoo pab tua;
- tus npauj npauj kuj yog ib qho txaus ntshai rau cov koob ntawm tsob ntoo, vim li ntawd nws cov butterflies yuav tsum tau raug puas tsuaj nrog kev npau taws, thiab txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav kom khawb cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw ntawm lub fir los ua puas lub larvae.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nordman fir tuaj mus rau hauv fruition es lig. Feem ntau lub sij hawm no tau tos ib los yog ob lub xyoos lawm. Sai, qhov no yog pib nyob rau hauv lub hybrid ntau yam ntawm no tsob ntoo.
Hopefully, koj yuav tsis muaj ib lo lus nug hais txog seb puas yuav cog tau rau hauv daim duab thiab yuav tu nws li cas. Xav txog tias tsuas yog tias tsis txaus ntub, tua thiab koob ntawm tsob ntoo tuaj yeem qhuav qhuav, yog li xaiv rau cog rau hauv koj qhov chaw ntau yam Caucasian fir uas muaj feem ntau yuav siv paus rau nws.
