Strawberry ntoo yog kab txawv, thiab tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus muaj hmoo pom, vim hais tias qhov no nroj tsuag yog heev fastidious rau kub thiab tej yam ntuj tso vaj tsev. Zoo nkauj heev thiab txawv txawv, lub Strawberry ntoo nyob rau hauv peb cov latitudes yuav ua ib tug zoo nkauj dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub caij ntuj no vaj tsev los yog tsev tsev tsev xog paj. Yuav ua li cas cog ntoo Strawberry thiab kev kho mob rau nws, yuav tau tham ntxiv.
Strawberry tsob ntoo: txheeb raws roj ntsha thiab chaw nyob
Arbutus, Strawberry ntoo los yog ib cov pos nphuab yog ib tsob nroj uas muaj evergreen los ntawm tsev neeg heather, uas yog ib tsob ntoo uas muaj qis loj los sis qis qis.
Strawberry feem ntau ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 3-5 meters, uas yuav siv sij hawm mus txog 50 xyoo, tab sis ib txhia tsiaj loj tuaj mus txog 12 meters. Lub cev ntawm arbutus yog them nrog cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov txiv kab ntxwv, xim liab los yog xim av, nyob rau hauv ib co tsiaj (me me txiv pos nphuab) nws hloov txhua xyoo, thiab cov nroj tsuag ua suab rustling. Cov nplooj ntawm tsob ntoo yog nkhaus, cov nplooj yog tsaus ntsuab, dav, tag nrho, txog li 8 cm ntev Cov nroj tsuag blooms nyob rau hauv Tej zaum nrog dawb los yog yellowish paj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug jug, sau nyob rau hauv panicles.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Strawberry - npawv drupe tsis muaj ntau tshaj 3 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, them nrog me me growths. Sab hauv lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog powdery, qab zib thiab qaub pulp nrog ib tug loj pes tsawg tus noob me me. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv tsos thiab tsis hnov tsw zoo li strawberries, lawv saj zoo li ib qho txawv txiv ntoo, muaj ib tug yam ntxwv bitterness vim muaj cov tannin.
Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv qus, cov nroj tsuag muaj nyob rau hauv Asmeskas, Mexico, Mediterranean, Western Tebchaws Europe, thiab Tirol, qhov chaw uas nws hlob zoo nyob rau hauv av thiab mob rocky slopes, thiab nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai ib Strawberry ntoo yuav pom nyob rau hauv European txoj kev thiab chaw ua si.
Muaj tag nrho ntawm 11 nroj tsuag tsiaj. Feem ntau hauv cov cwj pwm ntawm cov ntoo pos nphuab thiab cov lus piav qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau txhais hais tias kev loj hlob zoo heev. 
Koj puas paub? Lub tsho tiv no ntawm npab ntawm Madrid zoo li ib tug shield topped nrog ib tug Golden crown nrog ib tug azure ciam, sab hauv ntawm ib tug dais thiab ib tug Strawberry ntoo yog xwm txheej. Lub tsho tiv no ntawm cov caj npab nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1997. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Madrid nyob rau hauv Puerta del Sol muaj ib tug monument mus rau ib tug dais noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm ib tug Strawberry tsob ntoo.
Qhov twg yuav kuv loj hlob ib tug Strawberry ntoo nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av tej yam kev mob: Frost tsis kam ntawm strawberries
Strawberry tsob ntoo yog cua sov-hlub cog nrog medium Frost tsis kamuas nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov xav zoo nyob rau ntawm ib tug cua kub ntawm 25-30 ° C, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no nws tsis zam temperatures hauv -12 ° C. Lub sij hawm luv luv rau -15 ° C yog raug cai. Thaum tsawg kub, cov tub ntxhais hluas tua khov nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, inflorescences thiab nplooj ntawm cov laus neeg tuag tuag.
Muab cov nta ntawm cov ntoo pos nphuab, sab nraum zoov cultivation yog pom zoo rau cheeb tsam ntawm Frost tsis kam 8-10. Kiev, Minsk, Baltic lub teb chaws, Northeastern Poland, Moscow, St.Petersburg - qhov no yog qhov chaw ntawm cheeb tsam 5 ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab dav. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kab no Strawberry ntoo yog pom zoo kom yuav tsum tau zus nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no lub vaj, greenhouses, on qhib terraces thiab nyob rau hauv tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub kab lis kev cai. Nws yog tseem tau hais tias cov nroj tsuag winters sab hauv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nws yog muab tso rau hauv txoj kev.
Koj puas paub? Strawberry loj-fruited yog ib qho ntawm cov tsiaj piav nyob rau hauv 1753 los ntawm Karl Linnaeus nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "Species plantarum" ("Species of plants").
Tswv yim rau kev xaiv Strawberry ntoo seedlings
Ntau ntau feem ntau ntawm kev muag cov noob tuaj nyob, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom tau txais saplings. Tab sis yog hais tias koj tseem ua tau zoo, tau ib tug seedling nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub, nrog ib tug kaw paus system. Tej zaum nws yuav muaj fruitful.
Xaiv ib qho chaw cog: av thiab teeb pom kev zoo
Rau strawberry haum tej av. Nws yuav loj hlob zoo sib xws ntawm loamy thiab fertile, acidic thiab alkaline, xoob thiab ntom xau, tab sis nws yog preferable xaiv ib qho acidic av. Cov nroj tsuag yog resistant rau drought, nyiam zoo-zes cov cheeb tsam.
Cog Strawberry seedlings
Cov nroj tsuag tau tsiv mus rau ib qho chaw mus tas li thaum 6-8 full-fledged nplooj tshwm, lawv cog nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm peb meters.
Lub Strawberry paus system yog heev fragile, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua tib zoo cog lub sprouts thiaj li tsis txhob puas lub ntiaj teb txaj.
Lawv yuav tsum tsim kom muaj cov xwm txheej zoo ib yam li natural ones, piv txwv li, mus mulch nrog koob thiab pob zeb. Qhov no yuav pab kom ntub dej noo thiab cov acidity ntawm cov av.
Koj puas paub? "Lub vaj nrog Strawberry ntoo "- lwm lub npe rau lub triptych" Lub vaj lub ntiaj teb pleasures "los ntawm tus kws kos duab Dutch thaum Hieronymus Bosch.
Strawberry ntoo tswv yim pab
Chav tsev, uas muaj strawberries (lub caij ntuj no lub vaj, tsev cog khoom los yog tsev), yuav tsum tau nyob ib ntus.
Watering
Watering strawberries yog ua nrog mos, tsau dej., nws yuav tsum tsis tu ncua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij thiab fruiting. Ntev ntau watering yuav ua rau rotting ntawm keeb kwm thiab tsaus me ntsis rau ntawm nplooj.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lub caij ntuj sov, lub Strawberry ntoo yog pub nrog cov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv.Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij ntuj no, qhov no yuav tsum tau tsuas yog yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag yog nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev sov, thiab tsis tsim sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws ntawm ib qhov dej kub hauv 12 degrees. Thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij, strawberries yog pub ob zaug ib hlis nrog compost los yog fertilizer npaj rau heather. Rau cov laus dua cov nroj tsuag, granulated potash los yog nitrogen chiv yog ntau haum, uas yog thov mus rau cov av txhua txhua 3-4 lub hlis. Thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj no, chiv tau ntxiv rau cov av.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias Strawberry tee nplooj, nws tsis yog txaus noo noo. Dej zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab saib xyuas cov av ntawm huab cua. Tej zaum yuav tsum tau txau.
Crown trimming
Txij li thaum strawberries loj hlob heev maj mam, pruning yog ua thaum tsim nyog. Yuav kom tsim tau lub crown nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, txiav tawm cov ceg uas cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsos ntawm tsob ntoo. Zog hniav (tshem tawm ntawm qhuav thiab puas ceg) kuj yog nqa tawm.
Lub caij ntuj no
Txij li thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, tus naj npawb ntawm cov dej tau pom zoo kom txo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub nroj tsuag xav tau kev so. Nyob rau hauv chav nyob qhov twg nws hlob, nws yog ntshaw kom muaj ib tug kub ntawm 11-15 ° C. Nyob rau hauv qhib tua rau lub caij ntuj no nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau them thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua.
Koj puas paub? Rau qhov peev xwm ntawm cov txiv pos nphuab yuav tsum pov tawm ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov neeg nws tau nicknamed "spa poj niam" los sis "tsis txaj muag."
Cov kab mob tau thiab kab tsuag ntawm strawberry
Yam ntxwv ntawm Strawberry kab mob - nws yog paus rot, lig blight, xeb, anthracnose, uas yuav zam tau yog tias cov nroj tsuag muab nrog rau tej yam kev mob. Yog tias kis tau tus kab mob, tsim nyog siv tau.
Strawberry tsob ntoo yuav tawm tsam kab laug sab mite. Qhov no Kab Tsuag tsis zam high humidity - Txau thiab tshaj watering.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau nws, ib qho tshuaj ntxuav tes yog txau mus rau cov nroj tsuag, thiab tom qab ntawd ces nplooj ntoos saum rubbed.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv nrog chaw, strawberries tej zaum yuav tsis dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo vim tsis muaj pollination. Koj tuaj yeem hloov cov paj ntoos ntawm lub paj mus rau lub paj nrog txhuam.
Cov kev pab thiab kev siv ntawm Strawberry ntoo berries
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Strawberry ntoo yog consumed ob qho tib si tshiab thiab tiav. Berries ua jam, jam, jellies, candied txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim dej cawv, xws li lub Portuguese brandy "medronho".
Rau lub sij hawm ntev cia, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem qhuav los yog khov. Qhuav berries nyob rau hauv ib lub kaw ntim nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub yuav khaws cia rau 1-2 xyoos.
Ntxiv nrog rau berries, lwm qhov chaw ntawm Strawberry kuj tau pom muaj cov khoom sib. Nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj, decoctions thiab tinctures ntawm paj yog siv los kho kab mob ntawm caj pas thiab lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, los ntawm nplooj - rau cov kab mob ntawm digestive system, ib decoction ntawm bark los yog keeb kwm yog siv rau dermatological kab mob, wounds thiab Burns outwardly. Nplooj, keeb kwm thiab paj muaj antiseptic, astringent thiab diuretic teebmeem.
Strawberry yog ib tug me ntsis nroj tsuag, zib mu yog tau los ntawm nws nrog bitterness.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsuas yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mature yog tsim rau cov khoom noj khoom haus. Unfinished tsis yog tsuas yog tasteless, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm ua rau cov zaub mov lom.
Txoj kev ntawm yug me nyuam strawberries
Rau ib tus pos nphuab ntoo, kev tsim tshuaj xws li cov noob thiab cov nroj tsuag (grafting) yuav siv tau.
Noob
Rau cultivation ntawm ib tug Strawberry ntoo los ntawm cov noob, yuav cov noob los yog noob ntawm tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripened sau nyob rau hauv lub Autumn siv.
Nrog rau txoj kev yug me nyuam, cov noob yuav tsum tau ua ntej coj tus txheej txheem 2-hli ntawm stratification. 
Ua li no, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab peat nyob rau hauv qhov ratio ntawm 3: 7 los yog nyob rau hauv decomposed Pine koob thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg tab sis tsis zoo kub. Npaj txhij rau sowing noob muaj ib tug tawg plhaub. Tom ntej, lub noob qaug rau ib lub lim tiam hauv cov dej sov. Sowing coj mus rau qhov tob ntawm 1.5 cm hauv ib lub taub ntim nrog zoo-drained av los ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug Strawberry ntoo los yog av sib tov rau xib hwb ntoo, uas yog ces muab tso rau hauv ib tug shaded sov qhov chaw.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov ntsuas kub ntawm kev tu cov qoob loo yog 20 ° C, lawv yuav tsum tau muab cov dej ua rau cov av qhuav. Nco ntsoov tias ib tsob ntoo zoo li ntoo strawberry muaj kev loj hlob qeeb heev, thiab nws tua tom qab ob peb lub hlis, yog tias tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim, tsis txhob txhawj xeeb ua ntej. Muaj zog sprouts raug pom zoo kom yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv nyias lub pots thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv tib lub tej yam kev mob, zoo ventilated lub chav. Koj muaj peev xwm txuag tau noo noo siv mulching, raws li tau zoo raws li kev siv ntawm coniferous humus.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Strawberry ntoo yog cov ruaj ruaj thiab ib me ntsis rotten, rau cov uas nws muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom xuas tes ua: cov rooj tog, carved thawv.
Cuttings
Qab strawberry cuttings yog harvested nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Rau zoo dua rooting, lawv raug kho nrog stimulants loj hlob (Kornevin, Heteroauxin) thiab cog rau hauv ib lub tsev cog khoom. Lawv noj paus rau li ntawm 1.5 lub hlis, thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj koj yuav tsum tau tuav ib tug high humidity ntawm huab cua thiab av. Seedlings yuav cog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw mus tas li, thaum lawv tsim ib qho ntsuab kev loj hlob ntawm mus txog 5 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab 4-5 keeb kwm. Ua ntej cog, cuttings yog pom zoo kom yuav hardened nyob rau hauv qhib cua rau ob peb hnub.
Semi-woody cuttings los ntawm tua ntawm tam sim no xyoo (los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nroj tsuag) yog txiav nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab cog nyob rau hauv qab zib.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab pib lub cim npe rau Southerner ntawm koj qhov chaw nyob hauv lub npe "ntoo pos nphuab", koj yuav tsum tau sib zog ua hauj lwm cog thiab tawm mus. Tab sis yog tias koj muab cov kev tsim nyog rau cov kab txawv txawv, nws yuav zoo siab nrog koj cov hniav zoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txawv.
