Rau tej yam yog tsis meej lub birthplace ntawm gooseberries. Ntau tus sau phau ntawv sau txog Western Tebchaws Europe, Africa, Caucasus, Amelikas. Peb muaj cov kab no paub thiab hlub tau ntev. Muaj ntau ntau yam tshiab tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev xaiv txoj kev, ob qho tag nrho cov uas tsis ntau zaus pom ntawm peb thaj av, thiab cov uas nyob rau hauv qhov xav tau ntawm gardeners. Ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws domestic ntau yam ntawm gooseberry - "Kolobok".
Keeb kwm ntawm gooseberry yug me nyuam "Kolobok"
Qhov ntau tau paub txij li thaum 1988. Lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm - lub USSR (RSFSR). Nws tau tsim los ntawm cov kws txawj ntawm VSTISP (Tag Nrho Lav Xias Lub Chaw Ua Haujlwm thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Horticulture thiab Nurserymen). Ntau yam yog tsim nyob rau xyoo 1977 thaum hla ntau yam "Pink 2" nrog ntau yam "Hloov", tau sim nyob rau hauv 1988, tom qab uas nws tau nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev register. Qhov no yog ib lub rooj ntau yam, nto moo rau nws qhov qub qab ntawm ob qho tib si tshiab thiab kev ua tiav. Siv los ua desserts, ncuav pastries, jams, pastes, kua txiv, tsim kom khov.
Koj puas paub? "Kolobok "hnub no yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov thiab ntau gooseberry ntau yam nyob rau hauv Russia thiab CIS lub teb chaws.
Yam ntxwv thiab yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Gooseberry "Kolobok" muaj cov nram qab no piav qhia: Bush lush, muaj zog-loj hlob, sprawling, nrog haib tua. Nws muaj medium (txog li 3-4 g) thiab loj (txog 7-8 g) berries spherical los yog me ntsis elongated. Lub ripened Berry tau ntev nyob twj ywm ntawm Bush thiab tsis crumble. Cov xim ntawm berries yog Amber-xim av-liab. Cov nqaij yog muaj kua, ntom, qab zib, nrog me ntsis qaub; tev - ua tau, tuab, glossy, tsis muaj rab phom. 
Cov nplooj yog me me, toothed, qab - grey-ntsuab matte, on to top - nplua nuj tsaus ntsuab glossy. Cov tua muaj zog. Gooseberry "Gingerbread Man" nyob rau hauv qhov siab ncav 1.5 m, tab sis tib lub sij hawm cov ceg ntawm Bush feem ntau lean downwards, sib sau ib qho arc. Cov tub ntxhais hluas stems yog tus, lignified, nrog ib tug grayish-xim av bark thiab yuav luag tsis muaj pos. Spines yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv internodes ntawm nplooj.
Pros thiab cons ntawm gooseberry "Kolobok"
Ib qho ntawm qhov zoo yog ib lub caij ntuj no zoo heev ntawm lub txiv qaub "Kolobok" (nyob rau lub caij ntuj no ntawm cov pob txha tsis txhob khov tawm), thiab ua kom ntev, tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb, ruaj khov yield, tsis kam mus rau anthracnose thiab powdery mildew pathogens. Gooseberry "Kolobok" yog ntau yam thaum ntxov: ripening berries ntog rau thaum pib-nruab nrab ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj thiab kav mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov.
Koj puas paub? Ntau "Kolobok" siv hauv winemaking. Caw tseem muaj nuj nqis rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb aroma thiab cov nqaij npuas.
Cov tawm los ntawm gooseberry "Kolobok" - txog li 9-10 kg ntawm berries los ntawm ib tug Bush. Cov berries tsis tsuas six, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb - lawv muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov vitamin C (24-28 mg / 100 g). Nrog rau tag nrho cov qhov tsav ntawm ntau yam, nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias "Kolobok" tsis zam lub alternation ntawm Frost thiab thaw. Thaum lub sij hawm ntev li no, tej zaum nws yuav tuag taus - nws tsis yog li ntshai txias raws li kub tee. 
Yuav ua li cas xaiv seedlings thaum yuav
Nws yog zoo dua yuav nyob rau hauv ib lub chaw zov me nyuam los yog los ntawm ib tug reputable breeder, qhov twg muaj ib tug loj xaiv ntawm noj qab haus huv gooseberry seedlings. Tus nqi ntawm zoo seedlings yuav sai sai them tawm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! "Gingerbread Man" - gooseberry nrog high marketability, thiab, thiaj li, rov qab them rau nws cultivation thiab yug me nyuam.Nws yog qhov zoo dua mus rau noj ob lub xyoos laus saplings nrog peb los yog plaub muaj zog tua, nrog qhib tsim lignified ntev keeb kwm txog 25-30 cm, nrog leafless stems thiab unblown buds - nplooj raug tsuas pub rau sab saum toj ntawm ceg.
Cov hnub thiab xaiv qhov chaw rau kev tsaws
Gooseberries yog cog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lub caij nplooj zeeg. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog cog los ntawm lig Lub peb hlis ntuj - thaum ntxov Lub Plaub Hlis Yog hais tias koj cog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, ces nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj - lub nroj tsuag yuav tsum muaj lub sij hawm rau tag nrho noj paus ua ntej Frost. Zoo dua tsis tau tus gooseberry "Kolobok" cog rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg: Autumn cog yog preferable rau cov ciaj sia taus ntawm seedling thiab yuav pab txhawb tom qab saib xyuas, raws li nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub gooseberry buds bloom thaum ntxov, thiab feem ntau tshwm sim caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts tau tua lawv. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag yuav siv paus, tempered thiab winters feem ntau, thiab txij li thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws tau loj hlob mus rau nws tag nrho qhov siab.
Nyob rau hauv kev tsaws av tau xaiv ib qho chaw qhib rau sab hnub ci ntawm qhov chaw.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob cog gooseberries hauv lowlands thiab hauv av nrog ib qho chaw ze ntawm av.
Npaj ua hauj lwm ua ntej yuav tsaws
Qhov siab av rau gooseberries yog fertile loamy, tab sis kuj hlob zoo rau clayey, Sandy loam. Tsis zoo tsim rau ib tug marshy, ntseeg tau podzolic av. Tsis nyiam nyiam acid xau, yog li yog hais tias cov av yog acidic - nws yuav tsum tau deacidified rau me ntsis acidic - pH rau 5.5. Ua li no, siv chalk, limestone, dolomite hmoov; lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv ua ntej - tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo thaum gooseberry yog cog, tab sis ib lub xyoo ua ntej nws.
Npaj ib zaj lus cog tseg rau ob los yog peb lub lis piam - tshem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tob tob li (txog 30 cm) thiab theem, tshem tawm cov loj loj.
Cog cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings rau lub site
Qhov ntawm lub qhov taub ntawm lub qhov taub yog ntawm 45-55 cm, qhov tob yog mus txog 45-50 cm. Cov saum txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab cov organic los yog pob zeb hauv av chiv raug sib npaug hauv qab. Lub seedling yog teem nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab ntxiv dropwise nyob rau ntawm heev branching, tiam sis tsis qis dua li 6-7 cm ntawm hauv paus caj dab. Tom qab ntawd maj mam tamp cov av, mulch (rotted nplooj, peat, quav nyab, straw) thiab watered. Rau gooseberry "Kolobok" nram qab no cog scheme yog siv - 2 × 1.5 los yog 1.7 × 1.7. Yog hais tias koj cog ntau densely, qhov siab ntawm Bush txo, nws kis thiab tawm los txo. 
Kev kho mob thiab cultivation ntawm gooseberry ntau yam "Kolobok"
Nrog cog cog ntawm gooseberry "Kolobok", nws ntxiv cultivation yog yooj yim - watering, loosening, maj, kab tua kab, caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn khawb, thiab ntxiv cov tshuaj.
Watering, weeding thiab loosening cov av
Dej raws li cov av dries, tab sis tsis pub tas nrho ziab los yog stagnation ntawm dej. Kev ywg dej yuav tsum hnav - feem ntau tab sis mob pes tsawg. Ntev ntev tsis muaj dej yuav ua rau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawg. Weeding yog nqa tawm rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm weeds thiab loosening. Loos tom qab watering thiab fertilizing. Nyob rau hauv lub mulch thaum xub thawj, cov av tsis tau loosen.
Fertilization
Chiv rau gooseberries pab thaum cog - nyob rau hauv qab ntawm aub tsiv. Ob qho chaw organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv raug siv rau qhov no. Piv txwv, siv cov khaub ncaws nram no: compost, humus, peat - 0.5 - 1 thoob ib qhov; ntoo tshauv - 500-600 g per qhov; superphosphate - 180-250 g ib tug zoo. Koj muaj peev xwm fertilize thiab tom qab cog ua ntej mulching - pob zeb hauv av chiv raug diluted nyob rau hauv dej thiab watered twb cog seedlings. Tom qab nws yog fertilized txhua txhua xyoo - txawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nrog khawb lub ntiaj teb, los yog kom txog thaum khawb nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Fertilizers yog tib yam li thaum cog.
Cropping thiab crown tsim
Pruned "Kolobok" thaum cog - tsuas yog 5-6 buds yog sab laug rau tib lub xyoo ceg. Qhov no muab kev loj hlob muaj zog rau lub thav duab-ua ceg ntawm Bush. Thaum cog gooseberry "Kolobok", koj yuav tsum paub hais tias nws pruning yuav tsum mus kom nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov ntau yam yog prone rau thickening, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau Trim qhov tshaj stems nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm.
Gooseberry tsis nyiam shading thiab nrog muaj zog branching nws hlob tsis zoo thiab ua ntiav. Tus nroj tsuag yog abundantly fruiting, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm 23-25 tsis ncaj ncees-lub hnub nyoog stems. Cov ceg ntoo qub uas tau poob lawv cov fruitfulness raug muab tshem tawm, tawm hauv cov hluas zog tuaj.
Hom phiaj, raws li lub Bush hlob, 4-5 muaj zog skeletal ceg yuav tsum tau sab laug thaum pruning. Thiab tas li rejuvenate lub Bush - txiav tawm withered stems thiab tawm hauv lub ib sab muaj zog cuttings. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tshem tawm tag nrho puas ceg, interlaced, nrog cov cim qhia ntawm rot.
Lub sij hawm kawg thaum lub caij nyoog lawv txiav ib tug Bush rau lub caij ntuj no - nyob rau hauv thaum pib-nruab nrab ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj - lawv txiav nws li niaj zaus, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv tshem tawm tag nrho cov ceg uas muaj ntau tshaj tsib xyoos. Qhov chaw slices tau kho nrog vaj twawb.
Lub vaj tse bushes rau lub caij ntuj no
Tom qab lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg pruning, lub ceg yog sau ua ke, nias thiab khi (tsis ntau) ib Bush nyob rau hauv ib los yog ob qhov chaw.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua cov txheej txheem ntawm lub pob zeb ua ntej tawm mus cog vaj fungicide. Qhov yooj yim zoo tshuaj yog txau nrog 1% Bordeaux kua.
Tom qab ntawd ua hnav khaub ncaws, khawb li cov av (10-12 cm nyob rau hauv hauv paus cheeb tsam, ces - txog li 20 cm), watered, mulched (peat, humus). Ua ntej-xyoo shrubs, thiab txawm ntau mature nroj tsuag, them nrog spruce ceg, agrospan, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv improvised npog. Yog hais tias muaj ntau ntawm snow, ces nws yog ib qhov zoo rau lawv kom meej hmoov hmoov Bush.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ripening thiab harvesting
Berries ripen los ntawm nruab nrab-lub caij ntuj sov - nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj. Vim hais tias ntau yam yog bearingless, harvesting yog ib qho yooj yim thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Tus sau berries yog khaws cia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, lawv yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm high thauj. 
Koj puas paub? Rau ntau cov kev xav tau, lub berries los ntawm Bush yog npaum li cas nyob rau ntawm txawv sij hawm. Rau cov khoom noj, khov - thaum tag nrho matured, mos, nrog ib tug nplua nuj xim. Rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm jam, jams, marshmallows, preserves - me ntsis to taub, me ntsis txhav (technical ripeness theem).
Yog hais tias koj, ua no gooseberry, ua txhua yam zoo - koj xaiv zoo seedlings, tsim cov nroj tsuag kev kho mob koj xav tau, muab fertilizing thiab pruning, ces nyob rau hauv qhov kawg koj yuav tau txais 10 kg ntawm berries thiab ntau los ntawm ib tug peb-plaub-xyoo-Bush.
