Dawb gerbera yog ib tus qauv zoo heev ntawm ib lub paj, qhov xwm ntawm qhov no yog tsim los tsim cov kev npaj paj. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau yuav luag txhua lub pob paj - los ntawm pompous aristocratic mus rau feem ntau cov coj tus. Kom tsis ntev los no, nws tau siv raws li "paj" paj rau paj npaj, txawm li cas los, tam sim no, tus gerbera tau ua kom zoo nkauj rau cov neeg pib xyaum ua.
Gerbera yog lub thib tsib nrov tshaj plaws paj rau bouquets, tom qab Roses, carnations, chrysanthemums thiab tulips. Lwm lub npe rau cov paj zoo no yog "Transvaal Daisy", los ntawm lub npe ntawm Transvaal qhov chaw nyob rau hauv South Africa, qhov twg nws tau pom.
Botanical piav qhia thiab keeb kwm
Gerbera belongs rau aster tsev neeg, thiab yog zoo li nyob rau tib lub sij hawm rau aster, thiab chamomile, thiab txawm mus rau ib tug me me sunflower. Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus kws kho mob German kws kho mob thiab biologist Traugott Gerber. Cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg Yudais pib paub dav tom qab ntoj ke mus rau cov tsiaj qus ntawm South Africa, cov hav zoov ntawm Madagascar, tsuas yog thaum xyoo 19th thiab 20th thaum ntxov.
Lub paj ntawm "transvaal daisy" yog ib txoj kab inflorescence, (lwm yam npe hu ua "pob"). Qhov lub cheeb ntawm lub inflorescence yog los ntawm 4 mus rau 30 centimeters.
Xws li "lub pob tawb" muaj xws li:
- heev ilv dawb paj ntawm ntug ntawm inflorescence;
- nruab nrab paj, uas yog me me daj hlawv.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, "pob" yuav muaj txog li 100 tus neeg xim. Cov nplooj ntawm lub dawb gerbera yog graceful, tsaus ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim, nrog serrated nplooj ntoos depressions raws npoo, mus txog 30 centimeters ntev, tej zaum them nrog ib tug whitish fuzz. Qhov siab ntawm lub stems - txog li 60 centimeters. Rhizome zoo tsim.
Gerbera yog ib qho nroj tsuag ntoo. Tam sim no, ua tsaug rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm breeders, txog 70 ntau yam ntawm cov dawb gerbera tau twb tau bred.
Tsos thiab nta
Dawb gerbera yog amazingly zoo li daisy. Lub peduncle ntawm tus qhua los ntawm subtropics yog ib txwm solitary; nws yog ncig los ntawm nplooj thiab txuas mus rau tua. "Transvaal Chamomile" - thermophilic paj, yog li ntawd nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv peb tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv qhib tua tsis pom zoo (yog tias koj xav paub seb yuav ua li cas lub gerbera yog tseem zus nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb, nyeem no tsab xov xwm no).
Txawm hais tias tus gerbera hlub tshav ntuj, nws yog ib qhov zoo qhia kom nkaum nws nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo thaum tav su nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Zoo li, lub flowering lub sij hawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog 12 teev. Yog tias muaj tshav ntuj ntau, thiab yog tias muaj ntau tshaj qhov ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tos tsis tau paj rau tag nrho (yog xav paub ntxiv txog vim li cas ho tsis tuaj yeem Bloom thiab yuav tu li cas rau qhov no, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm no).
Diam duab
Hauv qab no koj yuav pom ib daim duab ntawm ib tug dawb gerbera:
Qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas cog nws?
Raws li tau sau tseg saum no, lub cultivation ntawm dawb gerbera nyob rau hauv qhib tua yog nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv central Russia, "Transvaal daisies" yuav tsum tau dug ua ntej qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias. Nws yog pom zoo kom loj hlob ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv greenhouses los yog hauv tsev.
Teeb pom kev thiab qhov chaw
Gerbera - "sissy" thiab yog ntshai ntawm drafts thiab muaj zog cua. Yog tias koj tseem txiav txim siab cog nws hauv qhov qhib tua, qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw yuav yog qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub laj kab tuag los yog phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev nrog kev siab tshaj plaws insolation.
Nws yog pom zoo kom cog cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ib lub me me, tab sis tsuas yog li ntawd nws tsis accumulate dej, nws yuav disastrous rau gerberas. Nws yog pom zoo kom muab ib tug gerbera nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub flowerpot nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob ntsiag to thiab kaj lug qhov chaw (yuav tu ib tug gerbera nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub, nyeem ntawm no). Zoo tshaj plaws rau tag nrho cov no whimsical nroj yog ib qhov rais sill txojkev lub southeast. Tsis tas li ntawd, paj growers tau qhia kom muab tso rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub tais diav hauv lub pallet nrog sphagnum moss, gravel lossis expanded av nplaum.
Cov av uas yuav tsum tau
Gerbera nyiam loosened av los ntawm kev uas tshiab cua ntws yooj yim. Los npaj lub substrate, koj yuav tsum tov nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag:
- peat;
- zoo xuab zeb;
- nplooj ntoos turf
Nyob rau hauv tus, ib tug sib tov sib xyaw rau Roses, dav sawv cev nyob rau hauv tes hauj lwm faib, yog tseem haum rau gerberas.
Humus thiab compost yog teeb meem heev rau gerbera keeb kwm. Zam txhob ntxiv cov khoom xyaw rau cov av.
Kev kho mob thiab ntau hom kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag "Transvaal Daisy" - ib tsob nroj. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, nws tsis nyiam drafts thiab tshav ntuj nrig heev.
Nrog ceev faj yuav tsum tau txav mus rau qhov dej. Ncuav dej yuav tsum tsis txhob poob rau hauv nplooj thiab hiav txwv rosette (rau ib yam dab tsi, cov nroj tsuag tsis nyiam txau), tus nqi ntawm cov dej yuav tsum yog me me thiaj li hais tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv nws sawv nyob rau hauv lub basal txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Rau watering, tsuas yog softened, me ntsis warmed dej yog haum.
Cov huab cua uas dawb txoj kev zoo nkauj "breathes" yuav tsum zoo humidified, nrog rau qhov kub ntawm 20-22 degrees Celsius. Tsis tas li ntawd, tiag, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ze rau daim ntawv thov mus rau cov av ntawm to top hnav khaub ncaws:
- chiv ntau nrog cov nitrogen theem siab yuav tsum tau pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no mus txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav;
- complexes enriched nrog poov tshuaj, haum rau lub flowering lub sij hawm, uas los ntawm txoj kev, ntog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm lub yim hli ntuj mus rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis.
Ob peb lo lus hais txog cov kab mob thiab cov pests ntawm gerbera cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag. Cov no suav nrog:
- Mealy dew. Sab nraud cov tsos mob - cov quav ntawm qaum sab ntawm nplooj ntawm lub cev mob, lawv darkening.
- Fusarium thiab verticillus. Nyob rau hauv muaj ib qho xws li ib tug kab mob, lub rhizome thiab paus ntawm peduncles yog tab xim nyob rau hauv ib qho xim xim khaus xim.
- Phytophthora. Cov tsos mob yog sweaty pigmentation rau txhua qhov ntawm lub gerbera, stalk rotting.
- Grey rot. Nplooj thiab tua raug them nrog ib tug grey Bloom.
Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob nrog rau cov kab mob no tsis tu ncua ua kom cov chav hauv qhov chaw cog qoob loo. Tab sis ua zoo dev tom ntawm drafts! Lawv tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim ua kom cov qhua ntawm lawv cov subtropics.
Kab mob siab phem thiab kab tsuag, nrog rau:
- kab laug sab;
- whitefly;
- aphid;
- schitovka.
Koj tuaj yeem tau tshem ntawm lawv los ntawm maj mam ntxuav lub nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw soapy, los yog los ntawm kev thov ib tug insecticide.
Nyeem ntxiv txog kev saib xyuas ntawm lub gerbera ntawm no, tab sis ntawm no peb qhia hais tias yog vim li cas lub gerbera nplooj yuav tig daj thiab yuav ua li cas kho nws.
Yug me nyuam
Muaj peb txoj kev ntawm yug me nyuam dawb gerbera:
noob (tsis tshua muaj);- faib ntawm hav txwv yeem;
- grafting.
noob (tsis tshua muaj);Noob yog cog nyob rau hauv cov av nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, muaj them nrog ib yam tsawg kawg ntawm txheej av, yav dhau los soaked rau 3-4 teev.
Noob yuav cog tsis tshaj li 6 lub hlis tom qab sau qoob.tom qab txhuam kom qhuav.
Tom qab thawj nplooj tshwm rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag, lawv transplanted, ua tib zoo txiav tawm lub hau ntawm lub ntsiab paus.
Luam los ntawm division yog feem ntau siv thaum cog zuj zus gerbera nyob rau tom tsev.
- Qhov faib yog ua tiav ntawm flowering, feem ntau yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov.
- Thaum faib lub gerbera, qhov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm av raug muab tshem tawm, sab qaum ntawm qhov rhizome tawm yog ua tib zoo muab txiav ob (nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws siv lub phais mob phais).
- Ob qho tag nrho yog sab laug hauv lub lauj kaub.
- Nws raug nquahu kom sprinkle qhov txiav nrog hmoov thee (tiam sis cia li qhuav av yuav ua).
- Tom qab qhov tsos ntawm cov tshiab keeb kwm nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, lawv npaum li cas tawm thiab cog rau hauv nyias ntim. Lwm txoj kev ntawm yug me nyuam dawb zoo nkauj - cuttings.
- Nyob rau hauv lub gerbera, ib feem ntawm lub qia nrog ib nplooj thiab ib tug pob cyuam yog txiav tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv sov, moist av.
- Tsis pub dhau ib lub lim tiam, cov tshiab tua yuav tshwm, ntawm qhov tshiab "Transvaal daisies" yuav loj hlob tuaj.
Xaus
Gerberas zoo nkauj heev thiab muaj kuab heev, zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj, zoo nkaus li lawv cov kev zoo siab nruj heev. Lawv muaj peev xwm rov kho tau sab hauv ntawm txhua lub chav, coj cov ntawv sau txog kev zoo siab thiab kev zoo siab nyob hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Koj tuaj yeem muab ib tus gerber rau ib tus neeg uas koj muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus siab thiab muaj kev ris txiaj.
