Muaj landed cherries rau ntawm koj qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob so. Tsob ntoo, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus noj paus nyob rau hauv peb cov latitudes, yog heev susceptible rau ntau cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag. Txhua tus vaj tu tsev ntsib lawv sai los sis tom qab, vim hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txuag nws los ntawm cov misfortunes. Lawv tshwm sim tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm ob qho ua ke (huab cua, kev ua liaj ua teb technology) thiab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv (kev puas tsuaj rau cov ceg, thiab lwm yam). Yog li ntawd, cov ntoo yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam xyuas cov kab mob, nrog rau ntau yam kev tiv thaiv. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov kab mob uas muaj cherry thiab sib ntaus tawm tsam lawv.
Koj puas paub? Cherry (Prunus subg.) Cerasus belongs rau lub genus Plum tsev neeg ntawm liab. Lub npe heev ntawm tsob ntoo yog txuam nrog Latin lo lus viscum, uas txhais tau hais tias noog lo, thiab German Weichsel, uas yog hu ua Cherry. Yog li ntawd, Cherry yog feem ntau hu ua noog cherry nrog nplaum kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov nplooj ntoos loj nplooj
Raws li nrog rau lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo, ntau yam kab mob fungal tshwm sim ntawm cherries. Ib txhia ntawm lawv ntaus ib feem ntawm tsob ntoo, lwm tus neeg nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, ceg, nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yuav ua li cas los txiav txim seb hom kab mob ntawm Cherry thiab lawv cov kev kho mob?
Tom qab Pas
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no muaj peev xwm kuaj tau nyob rau hauv lub hlis ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj, thaum xeb-xws li me ntsis tshwm nyob rau hauv lub Upper sab ntawm nplooj. Lub cheeb tsam cuam tshuam yog tas li expanding, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub nplooj poob prematurely. Cov ntoo lawv tus kheej ua rau qaug zog vim qhov no, lawv ua kom sov thiab sov so. Qhov ntau yam hais tias Cherry yuav tsis dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau xyoo tom ntej nce zoo heev.
Dhau tus kab mob no, koj yuav tsum sau tag nrho cov nplooj uas cuam tshuam nplooj uas tau poob mus rau hauv av, thiab txov lawv. Ua ntej flowering, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau kho nrog chlorine dioxide ntawm tooj liab nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 40 g ib 5 l dej. Tib yam yog pom zoo thiab tom qab flowering. Thaum cov berries yog sau, tus ntoo cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau kho nrog Bordeaux kua 1%.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv peb cov latitudes, tsob ntoo tau loj hlob txij li lub sij hawm immemorial thiab niaj hnub no muaj ib tug loj xov tooj ntawm cov tsiaj. Tsuas yog ib hom kab ntau yam tsis yog tsawg dua 150. Cov feem nrov yog xws li ntau yam xws li Chernokorka, Shokoladnitsa, Shpanka thiab lwm tus. Raws li ib txoj cai, cov ntoo yog cov resistant mus rau Frost, drought, unpretentious. Pib ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab 3-4 xyoo ntawm lub neej.
Coccomycosis
Qhov no yog ib tug fungal kab mob uas cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog lub nplooj ntawm qoob loo, tab sis kuj nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nplooj yog cov xim daj ntseg los yog ci qaim rau sab nrauv thiab dawb-xim liab (fungal spores) nyob hauv qab. Tej yam xws li nplooj sai sai tig daj thiab poob tawm, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob thiab tseem crumble.
Tus kab mob tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm flowering ntawm tsob ntoo, thaum ib tug Mushroom nyob rau hauv poob nplooj tawm cuam tawm spores, uas, nyob rau hauv high humidity, kis cov nplooj. Txij lub sij hawm, tsob ntoo poob nws lub caij ntuj no hardiness thiab tej zaum yuav txawm tuag.
Raws li, mus rau tshwj kom txhob scourge, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm thiab hlawv poob nplooj, raws li tau zoo li khawb li lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo. Lawv kuj sprinkle tsob ntoo: thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm thaum cov nplooj ntsuab cais, ces sai li sai tau tom qab flowering thiab tom qab harvesting. Cov sib tov yog siv tib yam li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xeb rau ntawm nplooj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qee cov kws txawj ntseeg hais tias sib ntaus sib tua coccomycosis thiab moniliasis tsis muaj qab hau, txij thaum lawv tseem rov tshwm sim ntawm tsob ntoo. Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb kom tau thiab cog nroj tsuag cov ntoo uas tiv taus cov kab mob no.
Klesterosporiosis
Nws tseem yog ib tug mob fungal, tab sis nws feem ntau cuam tshuam lub berries lawv tus kheej. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev nyuaj siab ntshav pob ntseg, uas maj mam loj hlob thiab paub tawm. Txij lub sij hawm, cov pos hniav pib tawm los ntawm lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog hais tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau lig dhau lawm, cov qoob yuav tsis pom tseeb. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw no, cov Berry dries rau cov pob txha.
Lub fungus tau khom ntawm tua, uas yog them thawj zaug nrog puag ncig thiab ces elongated me ntsis, uas sai sai keej, tso cov pos hniav. Lub buds cuam tshuam los ntawm nws ua dub thiab poob tawm, lub paj tsuas poob tawm.
Nws yog nyuaj rau tua fungus, raws li nws yooj yim tolerates frosts nyob rau hauv nplooj poob los yog wounds ntawm ib tsob ntoo. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, hais lus saum nplaim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws kis tau los ntawm kab, cua, thiab dej ntws ntawm dej nag. Cov ntoo weakens, tsawg fruiting. Yog li ntawd, rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm pruned thiab hlawv mob mob ceg, poob nplooj. Tsob ntoo yog txau nrog cov sib xyaw saum toj no los yog nrog Topsin-M 70% tom qab lub paj. Koj yuav tsum rov ua txoj haujlwm ob lub lis piam.
Scab
Tus kab mob tshwm rau ntawm nplooj ntawm txiv ntseej-xim av me ntsis los yog kab nrib pleb ntawm ripe berries. Lub sib ntaus tawm tsam tus kab mob no pib nrog tshem tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txau nrog tej fungicide thaum qhib ntawm nplooj, tom qab peb lub lis piam, tom qab ntawd tom qab harvesting berries thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, tom qab ob lub lis piam. Raws li yog ib tug prophylaxis, ib tug ntoo pob tw yog sprayed nrog nitrafen ua ntej lub buds Bud rau nws.
Yuav ua li cas yog mob Cherry txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab bark
Cherry yog ib tug kab mob tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nplooj ntoos. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab daim tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo kuj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ntau yam misfortunes, uas muaj peev xwm ob leeg txo qis thiab ua kom tsob ntoo tag nrho. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov kab mob hauv lub sijhawm thiab xaiv txoj kev kho mob rau nws.
Anthracnose
Fungal tus kab mob, manifested by dull me ntsis rau ntawm berries, uas yog ces hloov mus rau hauv npub tubercles nrog ib tug liab Bloom. Thaum tus kab mob tag nrho hits lub fetus, nws yog mummified. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov ntub dej, tus kab mob no tuaj yeem mus txog 80% ntawm qoob loo.
Sib ntaus no fungus nrog ib tug daws ntawm 20 g ntawm "Poliram" nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej (10 l). Lawv muab cov ntoo txau ua ntej sai sai, tom qab ntawd thiab tom qab ntawd thiab tom qab ntawd ob lub vas thiv tom qab.
Gommoz
Nws tseem hu ua gumming - khiav thiab solidification nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob tshab ntawm lub pob tw thiab cov pos hniav. Nws yog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khov los sis cov ntoo uas muaj zog tshaj. Yog tias koj tsis tua tus kab mob, nws yuav ua rau tuag ntawm tsob ntoo.
Yuav kom sib ntaus sib zog ua kom muaj zog rau cov txheej txheem rau lub lws suav thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Tag nrho cov wounds ntawm tsob ntoo yog sai kho nrog vaj twawb los yog 1% daws ntawm xiav vitriol, thiab ces them nrog petralatum. Yog hais tias tus ceg yuav raug cuam tshuam, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau txiav nws.
Monilioz
Ua ntej txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas nrog kev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog qhov ntawm tus kab mob thiab lub nplhaib ntawm nws qhov kev puas tsuaj. Vim hais tias ntawm ib lub siab ntsws hlawv, ob leeg cov ceg ntoo ntawm cherry ntoo thiab tag nrho tsob ntoo tuaj yeem qhuav. Hauv qhov no, qhov cuam tshuam cov cheeb tsam zoo nkaus li lawv raug ntaus hluav taws. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab nws tawg. Tom qab ntawd, grey growths daim ntawv nyob rau hauv bark, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo rot thiab caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, ceg ceg, tso cov pos hniav.
Yuav tsum sib ntaus, tus ceg ntoo uas raug cuam tshuam tau txiav, ntes qee thaj chaw noj qab nyob zoo, thiab hlawv. Tib yam yog nqa tawm nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, poob nplooj. Ntoo raug kho nrog ib tug fungicide: "Kuprozan", "Kaptan", "Olekuprit" los yog lwm tus. Thiab lawv yuav tau ua cov ntoo tshaj ib zaug. Yog li ntawd, los tiv thaiv monilioz cherries thiab tsis txhawj txog yuav ua li cas kho nws, nws yog zoo dua los mus tiv thaiv kev ntsuas ua ntej.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov yam ntxwv tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yeej tsis tshwm sim sai li sai tau. Feem ntau lawv pom hais tias thaum tus kab mob no twb loj hlob zoo lawm. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm nplooj ntoo, nws cov yellowing, wilting, thiab lwm yam kev hloov ntawm nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, daim tawv nqaij. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov ntoo, nrhiav qhov ua rau lub qhov txhab thiab xaiv cov kev kho mob zoo.
Yuav ua li cas nrog pests cherries
Ntxiv nrog rau cov kab mob, cherries await ntau yam pests. Ntau yam kab mob tuaj yeem ua mob tsis tsuas yog nplooj, tab sis kuj yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo, negating tag nrho cov qoob loo. Tom ntej no, xav txog dab tsi yog cov pests ntawm cherries thiab dab tsi yuav tsum yuav sib ntaus tawm tsam lawv.
Cherry aphid
Cov kab mob feem ntau cuam tshuam tsob ntoo seedlings nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov menyuam me me tshwm ntawm tua thiab nplooj ntawm tsob ntoo, tsim cov kev cai lij choj sab nraud. Tus poj niam cov chaw muaj tis thiab, ya thoob lub vaj, kis cov aphids rau lwm yam nroj tsuag.
Koj tuaj yeem tua nrog aphids los ntawm kev txuag cov ntoo nrog "Olekupkrit" los yog "Nitrafen" sai li sai tau lub larvae tshwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas huab cua txias tsis tshaj 5 ºC. Ib me ntsis tom qab, tsob ntoo raug kho nrog "Phosphamide", "Metaphos" los yog "Karbofos", tab sis ua ntej flowering. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov koj muaj peev xwm rov kho cov kev kho mob nrog insecticides.
Cherry slimy sawfly
Cov tshuaj tua kab no muaj xim dub thiab muaj xim zoo nkauj los cog cov txiv ntoo thiab ntoo. Lub npe yog vim lub fact tias greenish larva nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug comma yog them nrog dub mucus. Nws winters nyob rau hauv lub zes ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 5-15 cm, nyob ntawm seb lub tshav kub ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws pupates thiab tuaj mus rau saum npoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov neeg laus kab. Lawv nteg qe nyob rau hauv sab qaum ntawm nplooj ntawm cov ntoo thiab nroj tsuag, uas lub larva ces noj, thiab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Cuaj hlis, mus cia thiab bury lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv hauv av.
Raws li, nws yog ua tau mus tua nrog lawv Autumn loosening ntawm cov av. Yog hais tias qhov cuam tshuam loj heev, cov av yog txau nrog 10% Trichlormetaphos, 10% Karbofos, thiab 3.8% Chlorophos. Yog hais tias tshuaj raug ntes nyob rau hauv granules, 15-20 g ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau yaj nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej.
Hawthorn
Qhov loj npauj npaim, uas muaj xim dawb thiab longish tis, hlub tsis tsuas cherries, tab sis kuj lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov qoob loo. Thaum tav su nws yoov ncig paj thiab dej. Nws kab ntsig yog 45 hli ntev, cov plaub hau mos mos ntawm sab thiab lub plab nrog daj thiab dub kab txaij nyob tom qab. Kab ntsev 2 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, grey nrog dub me ntsis.
Caterpillars ua zes nyob rau hauv qhuav, poob nplooj. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv nce nws thiab devour lub buds tom qab flowering. Tom qab ntawd lawv pupate on ceg los yog lub ntsej muag, thiab nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj, thawj cov neeg laus mus ya tawm, tso qe rau sab pem hauv ntej ntawm nplooj. Caterpillars noj raws nraim qhov no ntawm foliage.
Koj tuaj yeem tua lawv los ntawm tshem cov nplooj los ntawm nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo rau lub caij ntuj no, tshem lub zes, tso lub qe. Nyob rau hauv lig Plaub Hlis los yog thaum ntxov May, thaum twg tus pests tuaj tawm ntawm lawv cov zes lub caij ntuj no, lawv tshuaj tsuag. Thaum txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas txuag Cherry nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, them sai sai rau lub tshwj xeeb npaj Actellic, Corsair, Ambush nyob rau hauv ib tug concentration ntawm 0.1%.
Cherry ya
Ib me me ci ci xim av kab nrog daj longitudinal stripes nyob rau nraum qab nyob rau nruab nrab 4 hli nyob ntev. Nws muaj cov nplaim tis nrog plaub tsaus nti stripes hla lub tis. Nws ob lub qhov muag muaj xim ntsuab, tom qab ntawm lub taub hau thiab caj dab daj, tus so ntawm lub cev yog dub. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, nws wraps nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib qho cocoon ntawm ib tug qias daj xim thiab thoob-zoo li nyob rau hauv lub Upper av txheej (txog li 13 cm).
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tom qab tawm, lub ya yuav txau on Cherry aphid secretions, thiab thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripens - nws kua txiv. Qe yog pw nyob rau hauv tseem tsis tau siav txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tho lawv. Lub larvae tsim rau txog 20 hnub, pub rau ntawm pulp ntawm berries ib ncig ntawm lub pob txha. Thaum lub sij hawm los txog, lawv nkag mus ntawm lawv thiab poob mus rau hauv av, plhis thiab twisting rau cocoons rau lub caij ntuj no. Eaten txiv hmab txiv ntoo rot thiab crumble.
Txhawm rau tshem ntawm flies, lawv sim cog thaum ntxov ntau ntawm cherries thiab cherries, thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho sov lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo lawv loosen cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw, tshuaj tsuag lawv nrog insecticides yam tsawg kawg ob zaug ib lub caij. Qhov thib ob txau yuav tsum ua tsis pub dhau ob lub lis piam ua ntej sau. Sprayed tsis tsuas yog lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo, tab sis cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, lawv khawb av lub ntiaj teb ib ncig ntawm ib lub cev rau hauv qhov tob tob li ntawm 20 cm.
Cherry weevil
Beetle 9 hli nyob rau hauv ntev, Golden-ntsuab xim, crimson hue. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no nws digs mus rau hauv cov av, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws tuaj mus rau saum npoo thiab txau on cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj thiab paj. Thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripens, tus poj niam sneaks hauv mus rau tus pob txha, gnaws nws thiab lays qe muaj. Lub caterpillar txau rau ntawm pob txha cev nqaij daim tawv, thiab tom qab txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob, nws nqis mus rau hauv av, digs rau hauv nws thiab pupates. Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj no, nws hloov mus rau hauv ib tug beetle, uas nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab los mus rau saum npoo.
Raws li, koj tuaj yeem tua nws los ntawm kev khawb lossis plowing cov av puag ncig cov ntoo thiab ntoo. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub nplooj tawg, ntxiab raug muab tso rau ntawm cov ntoo, uas tas li ntxuav ntawm beetles, co lawv tawm ntawm ib lub hnab yas, kis tawm hauv qab tsob ntoo. 11 hnub tom qab xaus ntawm flowering, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua rau tsob ntoo los yog shrub nrog ib qho 0.3% ntawm Karbofos.
Tiv thaiv kev ntsuas, yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv cherries los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov pests
Kev tiv thaiv txoj kev pib nrog trimming cherries, treating wounds nrog tooj liab sulfate daws thiab vaj twawb, whitewashing ntawm skeletal ceg thiab txiv qaub trunks. Qhov no yuav tsum pib thaum cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv cherry tseem tsis tau pib mus nquag tuaj txog.
Cov theem tom ntej yog txau pristvolny voj voog nrog ib tug daws ntawm 700 g ntawm urea nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej. Nws yuav tsis tsuas yog ua kom puas tawm cov pests thiab fungi uas overwinter nyob rau hauv cov av thiab bark, tab sis kuj saturate tsob ntoo nrog nitrogen, uas yog tsim nyog rau tsim ntawm lush foliage. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua qhov no ua ntej lub raum swell, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav hlawv. Yog tias koj tsis muaj sijhawm los ua kom tiav, siv cov tshuaj "Agravertin", "Akarin", "Fitavarm", "Nitrafen". Nws kuj yog tsim nyog siv "Ecoberin" los yog "Zircon", uas yuav pab tau kom qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm tsob ntoo mus rau cov huab cua thiab cov kab mob.
Tom qab xa me nyuam rov mus rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau txiav tawm, kho qhov chaw txiav nrog copper sulphate thiab vaj twawb. Tag nrho cov txiav ceg thiab sau nplooj yuav tsum tau hlawv. Sai li sai thawj frosts dhau, nws yog nqi kho cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Cherry thiab tsob ntoo nws tus kheej nrog ib tug daws ntawm urea (5%).
Raws li kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob, thaum pib ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov tsob ntoo hnyav los yog tsob raug muab kho nrog 1% ntawm Bordeaux sib tov los yog tov ntawm 35 g ntawm tooj liab oxychloride kev ncua hauv 10 liters dej. Qhov thib ob kev kho mob nrog cov tshuaj no yog tam sim ntawd tom qab flowering. Yog tias koj tsis muaj sij hawm los caum cov sij hawm no thiab cov nplooj twb tshwm sim lawm, yog li tsis txhob hlawv lawv, nws yog qhov zoo uas siv cov tshuaj xws li Kaptan, Ftalan, Kuprozan. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau nqa ob qho kev kho mob ntxiv nrog rau cov kev daws teeb meem - peb lub lis piam ua ntej lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug muab tshem tawm thiab sai li sai tau tom qab nws.
Qhov thib ob kab kev kho mob yog nqa tawm ua ntej lub buds swell. Nws yog feem ntau ua ke nrog prophylactic spraying ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm kev ntxiv 60 g ntawm "Benzophosphate" los yog 80 g ntawm "Malathof" mus rau ib lub thoob ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws.. Tom qab ntawd tib cov kev kho mob yog nqa tawm peb lub lis piam ua ntej tus sau thiab sai li sai tau tom qab.
Raws li koj tau pom, nrov thiab nkawv cherry los ntawm tag nrho cov yog prone rau ntau cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag. Tab sis yog tias lub sij hawm mus nqa tawm kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas, qoob loo yuav tau txais kev cawmdim.
