Kev tswj cov kev taug qab rau lub caij ntuj sov los yog nyob ze lub tsev ib lub tsev, txhua tus xav kom lawv tsis yog ua haujlwm xwb, tab sis kuj haum rau kev tsim txhua yam ntawm toj roob hauv pes. Nrhiav txoj cai pob zeb tsis yog ib txwm ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv xws li no, ntau tus neeg txiav txim siab los tsim paving slabs nrog lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv tsev. Yuav ua li cas ua li no, peb yuav qhia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no.
Ua vuas nyob tom tsev, puas tsim nyog
Ua ntej, cia saib seb qhov txiaj ntsig zoo li cas yog qhov ua kom koj cov vuas koj tus kheej. Tus txheej txheem ntawm nws cov creation yuav tsum tau ntau lub sij hawm, zog thiab kev kho mob. Ib qho tsis muaj txiaj ntsim zoo dua - vim li ntawd koj tau txais txoj kev tshwj xeeb, ua raws li kev tsim ntawm koj lub tsev thiab nyob ib puag ncig toj roob hauv pes. Sim nrog cov xim ntawm cov vuas, koj tuaj yeem quav tau cov qauv zoo kawg.
Nws tseem muaj qhov nyiaj txiag ntawm qhov teeb meem: paving slabs rau lem hauv lub teb chaws, ua los ntawm txhais tes, yog pheej yig dua cov khoom tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov haujlwm. Txhawm rau npog cov chaw ua si, cov taw kev, qhov chaw nkaum rau lub chaw nres tsheb muab tso rau hauv kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv zog thiab lwm yam ntxwv.
Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim paving slabs
Yog li, yog tias koj tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib lub npog koj tus kheej, cia peb tshawb xyuas cov lus nug no kom meej.
Ua ib daim ntawv
Txhawm rau ua ib lub pobzeb rau lub tsev nrog koj txhais tes, koj yuav tsum tau daim ntawv uas cov khoom yuav raug muab pov tseg. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo yuav nrhiav tau hauv txhua lub khw tshwj xeeb. Koj yuav tau muab ntau txoj kev xaiv cov khoom yas kom zoo thiab zoo li cas. Tiam sis peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias feem ntau ntawm lawv yog tsim los rau qhov tsuas yog 200 pua. Yog li ntawd, thaum koj tau txiav txim siab rau hauv daim ntawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau yuav khoom ntawm lub ntim khoom ntim.
Koj puas paub? Ua rau koj tus kheej cov vuas luaj pwm tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv ib txoj kev muaj tswv yim siv ntau hom ntim. Piv txwv, cov tais diav yog tsim rau txoj kev lag luam no. Lawv yog cov mos muag, yooj ywm thiab tib lub sijhawm.
Xaiv cov khoom thiab kev npaj ntawm kev daws
Los npaj cov tshuaj rau cov vuas yav tom ntej, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov cement thiab xuab zeb, koj yuav tsum muaj dej ntau ntxiv. Qhov zoo ntawm cov sib tov nyob ntawm qhov raug ntawm cov proportions thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov cement siv. Rau cov vaj teb txoj kab nws pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj Mement qib M 500. Tag nrho cov khoom yuav tsum yog huv, dawb ntawm av thiab nplooj. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb muaj ntau pob zeb - nws tsis txawv. Qhov no yuav muab lub pobzeb ua ib qho kev ntxhib.
Koj puas paub? Nws muaj peev xwm nce lub zog thiab tsis kam ntawm cov pobzeb kom sov kub npaum li cas los ntawm kev ntxiv cov yas yas tshwj xeeb rau lub tshuaj khib nyiab.Thaum ua tiav cov khoom nyob hauv qhov feem tsim nyog muaj peev xwm, lawv yuav tsum tau sib xyaw. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv lub perforator nrog ib lub tshuab taub me me. Tab sis yog tias koj npaj yuav tsim cov loj tagnrho, nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav ib lub mixer ua ntej.
Nyob rau tom kawg rooj plaub, xuab zeb yog thawj zaug poured rau hauv lub installation, tus agitator yog muab rau, thiab xis mas maj mam ntxiv rau nws. Tom qab ntawd, tsis tas siv ce sib tov sib xyaw, ntxiv dej thiab cov khoom pov tseg hauv me me raws li qhov tsim nyog.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Dej ntau dhau los yuav ua rau cov pob zeb tsis ruaj thiab cov pobzeb yuav tawg sai sai thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd txoj kev daws tsis nqhis dej, ntxiv cov cuab yeej ua kom muaj zog thiab cov dej-pleev cov dej rau nws.
Hauv kev txiav txim siab rau pobzeb kom tau cov xim yam, ntau yam poom tshuaj inorganic ntxiv rau cov tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lawv tsis ua haujlwm rau alkaline cov neeg mob, atmospheric phenomena thiab ultraviolet rays. Tom qab ntawd koj cov nplais yuav khaws nws cov xim rau ib lub sijhawm ntev. Nws yog pom zoo ua ntej ntxiv rau kev daws txog 30-50 g ntawm zas thiab maj nce nws cov nyiaj, yog tias tsim nyog. Raws li txoj cai, tsis pub dhau 5-7 feeb ntawm txoj kev daws tau ib qho xim zoo li qub. Thiab qhov qhaj ntawv ntawm nws qog rau hauv nws qhia tias qhov kev npaj ntawm kev daws kev siv.Yuav ua li cas ncuav cov tshuaj rau hauv daim ntawv, txheej txheem nta
Tam sim no qhov kev daws tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Ua ntej daim ntawv no yuav tsum tau lubricated nrog roj, tab sis nws yog ib qho zoo dua emulsolom. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab ziab, koj tuaj yeem tshem qhov khoom tawm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ntawm qib no, koj tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog ntawm qhov khoom. Ua li no, ncuav cov tshuaj mus rau hauv lub pwm los ntawm ib nrab, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau ib lub xaim, ib tus pas hlau los yog lub vas rau hauv nws. Tom qab ntawd, cia li muab cov tshuaj txhuam los tov.Tab sis lo lus nug no, yuav ua li cas kom paving slabs nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, tsis tas muaj. Tej zaum yuav muaj npuas nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, uas ua rau cov nplaum loj heev xoob. Yuav kom tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv tso rau ntawm lub rooj vibration. Thaum lub sij hawm lub teeb lub zog ntawm lub pob zeb yuav tawm hauv huab cua ntau heev. Cov lus no hloov tau cov txee lossis khib. Cov ntaub ntawv yog muab tso rau nws, thiab tom qab ntawd ces qhov kev tsim kho yog khawb ntawm tag nrho cov sab nrog lub mallet.
Yuav ua li cas kom qhuav cov pobzeb thiab thaum twg los siv
Lub theem tom ntej yog qhov ziab ntawm cov khoom tiav. Cov dej nyab yuav tsum tau them cov hnab yas thiab tos txog 3 hnub. Xyuas kom meej tias qhov theem ntawm qhov dej noo yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb yav tom ntej. Yuav kom ua li no, lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau periodically moistened nrog dej.
Tom qab ziab, cov ntaub ntawv maj mam muab khi, khoov tus npoo thiab noj cov khoom. Tab sis lawv tseem tsis tau siv - nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lwm 3-4 lub lim piam, thiaj li hais tias lub pob zeb yog txaus qhuav thiab ntxiv dag zog.
Raug kev siv tshuab ntawm cov roj hmab vuas
Ntxiv nrog rau cov pob zeb, roj hmab khib nyiab yog siv los ua vuas. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov log tsheb qub. Cov log tsheb lawv tus kheej, raws li txoj cai, yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom zoo, vim lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus cov hnyav ntev ntev.
Lub crumb ua los ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm muaj ntau feem me me uas txawv ntawm 0.1 mm mus rau 10 mm. Qhov twg yog siv los nyob ntawm seb lub pobzeb pobzeb yuav dag thiab nws yuav ua li cas thiaj li raug kev nyuaj siab.
Nws yog feem ntau ua xim dub, tab sis qee zaus nws tau pleev xim rau lwm cov xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau cov kab nrig feem ntau yog xim (2-10 hli hli), uas yog pheej yig dua ntawm cov nqi, txij li thaum lawv muaj cov hlau thiab textile qhov chaw.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm dawb vuas, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau nws nyob rau hauv ob txheej, ib ntawm cov xim. Qhov no yog permissible yog tias tag nrho cov thickness ntawm cov khoom yog ntau tshaj 1.5 cm. Cov nplais dub yuav thinner, tab sis ua nyob rau hauv ib txheej.Kev siv ntawm cov roj hmab vuas nws tus kheej yuav siv qhov chaw hauv peb theem.
- Thaum npaj ua ntej cov roj hmab yuav npaj. Rau qhov no, cov log tsheb raug tshem tawm ntawm sab rings thiab raug rau lawv cov neeg ua hauj lwm cryogenic ua. Tom qab ntawd nws hloov tawm tus me nyuam nrog ib feem ntawm 1-4 mm.
- Tom qab ntawd los ntawm crumb nws yog tsim nyog los npaj lub sib tov los ntawm ntxiv ib polyurethane phau ntawv. Nyob rau tib theem, ntau cov pigments ntxiv rau cov xim ntawm cov pobzeb.
- Qhov sib tov yog compressed rau ib tug vulcanizing xovxwm. Nws tso cai rau koj los teeb lub pobzeb qhov siab xav thiab ntom. Cov txheej txheem nias tuaj yeem tau txias lossis kub. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm seb yam khoom siv koj yuav ua haujlwm.
Qhob Txhuam
Lwm txoj kev los tsim ib qho kev zoo nkauj nyob hauv lub teb chaws yog sau nrog pob zeb. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los ntawm cov theem hauv qab no:
- khij thaj chaw hauv qab;
- av npaj;
- installation ntawm formwork;
- hauv ncoo tag;
- kev tsim kho cov ntsiab lus;
- pouring pob zeb ua ke.
Cov khoom thiab cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau muaj
Yog xav pib, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov cuab yeej ua ntej:
- pob zeb ntsa;
- xuab zeb (nyiam dua dej);
- pob zeb ua;
- qaum thiab pegs rau npav;
- muaj peev xwm daws tau;
- ruberoid;
- thoob;
- taw shovel;
- trowel;
- reinforcement (optimally 12 hli tuab);
- plywood lossis formwork boards.
Yuav ua li cas mix sib tov daws
Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los knead qhov daws. Nws muaj 3 yam (cement, sand thiab crushed zeb), uas yog sib xyaw rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem: ib lub thoob ntawm rubble thiab 3 lub thoob ntawm cov xuab zeb raug muab tshem tawm rau hauv cov nplaum thoob. Knead lawv zoo dua nyob rau hauv qhob tov.
Koj puas paub? Qee lub sij hawm nws pom zoo kom siv ob lub npuas thiab cov cement, tab sis qhov no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntsuas cov tshuaj siv vibrating rail. Yog hais tias nws tsis yog, nws yog qhov zoo dua uas yuav tsum nres ntawm qhov kev faib seem saum toj no.Lub kneading pib nrog ntxiv ntawm dej mus rau tov. Tom qab ntawd xuab zeb yog ntxiv rau nws thiab xis mas yog txhaj, tas li stirring. Thaum cov xuab zeb yog sib npaug zos thoob plaws qhov loj, cov tshuaj yog pom zoo. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib sau.
Ncua pob zeb ua cov formwork
Cov theem no tseem muaj ntau theem. Txoj kev ceev tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws yog kos cov cim. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim ua ntej qhov chaw uas lawv yuav dhau, muaj peev xwm npaum li cas thiab muaj peev xwm npaum li cas. Tom qab ntawd lub pegs raug tsav mus rau hauv av los ntawm ib tug Uniform deb, thiab hlua yog tensioned nruab nrab ntawm lawv.
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau npaj hauv av rau casting. Ua li no, rau saum txheej ntawm sod yog muab tshem tawm mus rau ib tug tob ntawm txog 7 cm, lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag raug muab tshem tawm. Yog tias lawv tsis raug tshem tawm, lawv yuav lwj hauv qhov chaw no, voids yuav tsim ua dej ntws. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, nws yuav khov, tshem tawm cov pob zeb. Vim li no, cov ciav hlau yuav tawg.
Cov theem tom ntej yog qhov kev tsim cov formwork ntawm cov laug cam lossis cov plywood. Lub tom kawg tso cai rau koj muab txoj kev zoo nkauj khoov kom zoo nkauj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho txoj kev nrog qhov chaw kom muaj cov nqaws dej rau nws kom them rau cov lus cog tseg thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov pob zeb vim muaj kev kub ntxhov txawv. Yog li ntawd, lub formwork yuav muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav txo qhov kev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Tom qab ntawd ib tug thiaj li hu cushion yog ntsia, uas yuav ua rau lub zog ntawm kua, thiab raws li zoo sib xws faib cov load ntawm khiav. Ib lub hauv ncoo ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab rubble yog tsim. Lawv tsis tuav dej, vim li ntawd nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab kom muaj zog rau lub caij ntuj no vim yog khov. Tab sis xuab zeb nws thiaj li ntog hauv qab rubble. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau qhov no, cov ntaub ntawv siv dej ntws tawm ncaj nraim rau hauv av: vov tsev muaj kev xav, agrofibre lossis geotextile.
Ob zaug kawg hauv dej, tab sis tsis txhob rot. Thaum lub hauv ncoo dai pw, nws yuav tsum muab ntxig. Ntxiv mus, qhuav xuab zeb, nws yog ntshaw mus rau pre-ntub. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, nws yuav compacted zoo, uas yuav tiv thaiv tau cov tsos ntawm voids. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias cov txheej mus ncaj.
Koj puas paub? Qee zaum cov pob zeb qis los yog ib qho qhwv pob zeb tau siv los tsim lub cushion. Tab sis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau mus tob zuj zus ua ntej los ntawm lawv cov thickness.
Yuav luag txhua yam yog npaj txhij mus rau hauv cov dej, tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau pw hauv qhov cuab lub zog los yog kev txhawb nqa cov mesh. Rau qhov no, npaj txhij yog them nrog yas qhwv kom tiv thaiv ntxov ntxov ziab ntawm lub pob zeb. Nws muaj zog, thiab cov cement jelly koom rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg, uas sai tawm ntawm cov dej ntws mus rau hauv cov xuab zeb.Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem ua tus khiav. Yog hais tias qhov no yog qhov chaw taug kev, ces lub ncoo nrog lub pob zeb yuav tsum yog ib txheej ntawm ib lub thickness ntawm 5 cm lossis ntau tshaj. Muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv khiav, cov txheej yuav tsum muaj ib qhov thickness ntawm 7.5 cm. Lub cement yog poured nyob rau hauv feem, txhua ntawm uas yog leveled thiab compacted kom txog rau thaum xis mas jelly tshwm. Thaum sib tov yog me ntsis qhuav, koj muaj peev xwm Trim nws nrog ib tug spatula thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, nruab hniav ntsiab. Tom qab ntawd lub maas yuav tsum kaw nrog ib zaj duab xis rau tib lub hom phiaj - yog li ntawd nws hardens, thiab tsis qhuav, nws yuav tsum tau periodically watered.
Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav ncuav cement nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej, lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntawv cog lus yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj li ib hnub. Txwv tsis pub, lub sab saum toj yuav tsis lob hauv qab txheej. Tom qab li 3 hnub, daim formwork yuav raug muab tshem tawm, thiab khiav yuav siv tau rau ob peb hnub ntxiv.
Raws li koj tau pom, kom npog cov kev khiav hauv lub tebchaws lossis hauv lub teb chaws vuas vuas tus kheej yog qhov yooj yim heev. Qhov no yuav pab koj txuag ntawm qhov chaw kho dua tshiab.
