Thaum koj yuav cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tsiaj nyeg los yog ib tus tsiaj laus, koj yeej xav tau cov ntsiab lus hauv cov nqaij thiab cov khoom noj siv mis.
Yuav kom tau txais kev tsim nyog txaus, cov nyuj yuav tsum tau noj zoo.
Tab sis muaj ntau hom rog, txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.
Yam uas zoo ua raws li yog ntawm koj.
Feem ntau, cov tsiaj me los yog cov nyuj uas tau muab tso tseg vim qee cov laj thawj raug tso cai pub.
Qhov nruab nrab, tus txheej txheem rau cov calves yog li ntawm 4 mus rau 6 lub hlis, thiab cov laus tus tsiaj tuaj yeem cev hauv 3 mus rau 4 lub hlis. Tag nrho cov tsiaj yuav tsum muab faib ua pawg, thiab cov homogeneous cov pab pawg no yog, qhov zoo dua qhov txiaj ntsim ntawm cov rog.
Nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem uas tau txais cov tsiaj, muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev raug txim, tshwj xeeb yog thaum caij ntuj no. Tsiaj cov tsiaj khi rau ib tug ncej, muab lawv pub dawb rau cov pub rau noj thiab haus dej haus bowls.
Lub chav nyob qhov twg cov nyuj los yog nyuj khaws cia yuav tsum yog zoo qhov cua systemuas yuav tsum ua haujlwm txawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj no.
Yog tias txoj kev pub mis rau npaj rau thaum lub caij ntuj sov, ces qhov no koj yuav tsum tau nruab ib qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj kev, saum toj no uas koj yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo, uas koj yuav tsum tso tus neeg haus dej haus cawv thiab pub mov noj.
Niaj hnub no, muaj ob hom tsiaj nyeg: khaus thiab tshis.
Nrhov fattening
Qhov no ntawm fattening yog tsom rau leeg kev loj hlob, tsis rog, masses ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas calves.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas yau tsis pub noj dua li tus neeg laus nyug kom tau 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav. Ua ib feem ntawm kev rog siab rau qhov hnyav nce ntawm 1 kg, cov calves uas muaj hnub nyoog txog li 15-18 hlis haus qhov nruab nrab ntawm 7 - 7.5 units.
Feem ntau, cov nyuj hluas thiab cov kaus poom ntawm cov nqaij yuav raug mob fattening, los yog calves los ntawm cov thawj tiam uas yug thaum nkag mus rau cov nyuj me me nrog cov nqaij nyuj.
Tab sis zoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws hnyav nce kuj pom los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov mis, cov nqaij thiab cov khoom noj siv mis. Yog hais tias peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv, cov hlwv ntawm Simmental, Schwyz, Dub-thiab-Dawb thiab ntau lwm hom mob hnyav 350-400 kg twb thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17-18 hlis.
Thaum tua cov menyuam yaus no, cov nqaij hloov tawm ntawm cov khoom zoo, tab sis tseem, qhov roj tsawg dua mus rau cov nqaij.
Cov kev rog khov heev yuav muab faib ua 2 lub sij hawm:
- thawj - kom txog thaum lub sij hawm xws li lub calf ncav ib qhov ceeb thawj ntawm 400 kg
- qhov thib ob - kom txog thaum lub calf ncav ib qhov ceeb thawj ntawm 650 kg.
Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau pib pub cov menyuam yaus hauv txoj kev zoo thaum lub sijhawm pub mis rau lub sijhawm, thiab nws yog lub sijhawm los hloov cov calf mus rau ntau dua "tus neeg laus" noj.
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj haus rau intensive fattening ntawm nyuj yog siab zoo silage pob kws. Nws yog qhov zoo uas plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev, vim tias qhov zoo dua qhov pub, qhov loj dua yuav yog qhov hnyav nce ntawm tus tsiaj.
Yog tias koj tsis paub dab tsi ntawm silage yuav, ces nco ntsoov qhov no ntawm cov kev cai hais tias no pub khoom noj yuav tsum tau ua raws li:
- Qhov feem pua ntawm cov teeb meem qhuav hauv lub silo yuav tsum nyob rau theem ntawm 32-35%
- Ntau yam yuav tsum yog, qhov no yog, hauv plab ntawm tus tsiaj, ntau tshaj 73% ntawm cov organic teeb meem yuav tsum tau digested.
- Crude fiber yuav tsum tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 0.2 kg ib kilogram ntawm qhuav teeb meem
- Nyoos protein ntau yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 70-90 g ib kilogram ntawm qhuav teeb meem
Yog tias pob kws silage nyuaj lossis tsis yooj yim sua, nws yuav hloov nrog ib yam khoom zoo sib xws los ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag ntawm cereal cov qoob loo. Tiam sis peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsiaj yuav tsum tau muab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov silage, txij li nws yog cov pob kws silage uas yog lub zog tshaj plaws.
Nws tsis pom zoo siv cov nyom nyom, raws li lub calf yuav tau txais tsawg heev zog thaum nws noj, uas, ntawm chav kawm, yuav ua rau qhov yuav tsum tau txhawb kev noj haus feem ntau, thiab ntxiv qeeb cov txheej txheem ntawm fattening.
Pob zeb silage yuav tsum tau supplemented nrog thiaj li hu concentrated pub. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm hom kev pub no yog qhov sib npaug. Txij thaum muaj protein ntau me ntsis hauv cov roj hmab, qhov kev noj haus yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj protein ntau.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum muaj protein ntau ntxiv kom txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm txoj kev noj qab haus huv, thiab tom qab ntawd cov koob tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob nce.
Qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj rog ntau heev yuav tsum sib npaug zos li 22-24% hauv qhov pub. Raws li xws li cov ntaub ntawv, rapeseed, soybean los yog hom qoob mog xws li fodder taum los yog peas yog zoo meej.
Cov concentrants yuav tsum yog qhov zoo heev. Tsis pub cov tsiaj txhu uas muaj tus kab mob pwm los yog cov fungus.
Hauv thawj lub sij hawm, 40% ntawm kev noj haus tag nrho yuav tsum poob rau ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj protein ntau, thiab hauv qhov thib ob lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau txo kom txog qib 28-30%. 2 - 3 kg ntawm concentrate rau ib hnub yuav txaus calf nrog ib tug nruab nrab hnyav.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muab cov tsiaj nyuj nrog vitamins thiab kev ntxim siab microelements. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov ntxhuav tshwj xeeb cov kua hluav taws tau tsim tau uas yuav them rau cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj uas tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj.
Qhov kev noj haus ntawm tsiaj txhu yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa nrog phosphorus thiab calcium (1: 2 ratio). Sodium kuj tseem ceeb, uas muaj peev xwm muab tau cov tsiaj los ntawm kev pub mis rau lawv ntsev.
Feem ntau cov khoom noj khoom haus yog ntxiv rau cov concentrate nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 2 - 3% ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub tom kawg, tab sis qee zaum cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tsiaj raug muab vitamin ntshiab premixes nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 60-80 g ib lub taub hau ib hnub.
Yog tias peb ua kom tiav thiab kos cov qauv ntawm txhua lub sij hawm sib hawm, nyias muaj nyias cov lus xaus.
Piv txwv li, thawj zaug cov tsiaj yuav tsum nquag nce qhov lojqhov ntawd yog, kev txais tos yuav ua ntau dua txhua hnub.
Ua li no, txhua tus nyuj yuav tsum tau muab rau 1 kg ntawm quav nyab los yog silage, 1 kg ntawm pub, uas muaj protein, thiab 1 - 1.2 kg ntawm lub zog-muaj cov khoom.
Thaum lub sij hawm thib ob, qhov hnyav nce siab yuav txo, thiab cov tsiaj txhu xav tau nrog cov vitamins. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm silage muab yuav tsum tau txo rau 0.5-0.6 kg, 1 kg ntawm protein pub yuav tsum tau muab, raws li tau zoo raws li 1.5-2 kg ntawm lub zog-nplua nuj pub.
Hlav fattening
Ua ib feem ntawm hom roj no, ntau hom kev pub mis yuav siv tau, piv txwv li, beet pulp, bark thiab zib suab thaj, qos yaj ywm pulp, snare thiab ntau lwm hom pub.
Kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav nrog cov concentrates thiab roughage. Koj tuaj yeem rog cov tsiaj txhu hauv txoj kev ruaj khov: cov hluas thiab cov laus.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav tsum muab faib ua 2 lub sij hawm: thawj zaug (ntev li 30 hnub), nruab nrab (ntev li 40 hnub) thiab kawg (ntev li 20 hnub). Txhua lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau muab tso raws li kev cais noj.
Cheaper txau tuaj yeem pub rau tsiaj rau thawj 70 hnub, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsim nyog ntxiv cov zaub mov uas muaj coob tus concentrates.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xa cov tsiaj mus rau cov khoom noj tshiab maj, kwv yees li 7 - 8 hnub. Kev pub tsoom fwv yuav tsum yog tib yam hauv txhua hom rog - zaub mov noj yuav tsum muaj 3 - 4. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau muab cov nyuj nrog dej txaus.
Qhov nce nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm yuav ntau kawg, txij thaum lub sij hawm no protein, roj thiab dej accumulate nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tus tsiaj.
Hauv qhov thib ob lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav nce siab yuav txo, raws li txheej txheem ntawm kev tso dej ceev ceev ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg pib pib.
Hauv peb lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav nce siab yuav nce siab dua yog tias koj siv cov khoom noj zoo.
Fattening nyuj nrog pulp yog suav hais tias yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo, vim tias cov khoom siv no muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm carbohydrates, calcium. Tab sis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, kev noj haus yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau pub, uas muaj protein, phosphorus thiab cov rog. Tsis tas li ntawd Kev noj haus yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov protein uas muaj pub, pob txha noj mov thiab ntsev.
Thaum xub thawj, tus tsiaj yuav tsum raug qhia kom noj ib qho loj ntawm cov pos hniav. Kev hloov ntawm kev hloov yuav tsum dhau 6 - 7 hnub. Ib hnub, ib tug laus tus neeg nyuj yuav tsum tau muab 65 - 80 kg ntawm pulp, thiab ib tug calf - 40 - 50 kg. Cov nuj nqis no yuav tsum tau txo los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev rog.
Rough feed yuav txhawb txoj kev zom cov zaub mov, yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau muab nrog muab xam rau ntawm 1 - 1.5 kg ib 100 kg ntawm nyob qhov ceeb thawj ntawm nyuj. Quav yuav haum rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Tshuag, thiab nws yog ib qhov zoo dua rau muab straw caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau cov neeg laus cov tsiaj.
Thaum cov rog rau ntawm lub khob yog qhov zoo los siv qos yaj ywm los yog qhob cij khob. Qhov no pub muaj ntau ntawm cov dej (txog 94%), thiab qhov teeb meem qhuav muaj ib qho me me ntawm cov protein. Feem ntau, nyuj yuav tsum saj cov hom no.
Ntsev tsiaj yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv cov qes ntawm unlimited. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm kev pub noj yog sib npaug li 15 - 20 kg ntawm bards rau 100 kg ntawm cov nyuj nyhav.
Yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm quav nyab. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav nchuav nrog kub barda, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim cov tsiaj yuav haus cov khoom noj zoo dua.
Txhua txhua hnub, 7-8 kg ntawm quav nyab yuav tsum tau muab rau cov neeg laus nyuj thiab bulls, thiab 4-6 kg yuav txaus rau calves. Mixed pub thiab barley los yog pob kws pob kws yog tsim raws li concentrates. Txhua txhua hnub, txhua tus tsiaj yuav tsum tau muab 1.5-2.5 kg ntawm feeb meej pub.
Yuav kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ib tug neeg laus rau cov tshuaj calcium, feem ntau chalk yog ntxiv rau concentrates (70 - 80 g ntawm chalk ib 100 g ib hnub twg).
Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov kab mob tshwm sim heev - bacter snapper - cov tsiaj txhu yuav tsum tau noj zaub mov (1 kg ntawm 10 liters of bards) thiab tseem nyob rau hauv cov av qis.
Silage yuav fattened nyuj thaum lub caij txias. Rau qhov no siv pob kws mus sunflower silos.
Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv kev noj haus yuav tsum tam sim no straw, quav nyab, concentrates thiab lwm yam hom fodder cov qoob loo. Qee lub sij hawm, ua kom tiav cov protein deficiency, cov tsiaj raug muab, nrog rau cov roj hmab thiab cov concentrates, urea. Ntawm no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog los soj ntsuam lub koob tshuaj, yog li tsis tshaj 40-50 g ntawm urea yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov nyuj, raws nraim 80 g ntawm compound yuav tsum tau muab rau cov laus nyuj laus.
Thaum silage fattening 20 - 30% ntawm kev noj haus yuav tsum yog feeb meej.
Yog hais tias koj suav hauv kilograms, ces ntawm lub taub hau lub concentrate noj rau tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm fattening yog 200 - 250 kg. Ib hnub, neeg laus thiab nyuj yuav tsum tau muab 35-40 kg ntawm silage, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav muaj txaus mus txog 30 kg ntawm pub.
Chalk thiab ntsev yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv kev noj haus (10 mus rau 15 g ntawm thawj zaug thiab 40 mus rau 50 g ntawm lub thib ob). Tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm silage fattening ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas stock yuav tsum tsis ntev tshaj 90 hnub, thiab tus neeg laus nyuj yuav khaws cia rau xws li cov zaub mov rau li 70 hnub.
Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, tag nrho cov nyuj yog zoo dua los txhais rau hauv ntsuab fodder, tab sis nrog ntxiv ntawm concentrates.
40 - 80 kg ntawm cov zaub yuav tsum txaus rau ib tug tsiaj (nws yog nyob ntawm hnub nyoog), thiab yuav tsum muab siab rau ntawm 2 mus rau 2.5 kg ib hnub. Raws li yog qhov chaw ntawm sodium nws yog tho kev muab nyuj ntsev.
Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem fatten koj cov nyom thiab bulls xwv kom koj yuav xav tsis thoob thaum kawg. Thiab cov tshwm sim yuav tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov nqaij tsim, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nws zoo.
Yog li xav mus hloov cov nyuj mus tshwj xeeb pub.
