Txawm lub grape, varietal los yog hybrid daim ntawv, qhov no yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev pov thawj ntawm qhov zoo ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab lub merits ntawm Bush nws tus kheej.
Feem ntau, nws yog daim ntawv cog lus uas ua rau kom muaj kev vam meej tshaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pib xyaum ua.
Thiab nws yog rau lovers tias kev txawj ntse ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no kab lis kev cai, tab sis es nws cov lus lub hom phiaj thiab sustainability, ua si lub luag hauj lwm loj.
Hauv qab no peb xav qhia koj mus rau ib qho zoo heev variant ntawm grapes, uas yuav thov tsis tsuas yog cov qoob loo, tab sis kuj nws lwm cov nta thiab zoo.
Ua rau koj xav paub ntau tshaj kev hlub rau nws, thiab qhia txog qhov yooj yim ntawm cog xws txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Grapes "Bazhena" thiab nws cov cwj pwm txawv tseem ceeb
Ntawm cov hoob kawm, rau pej xeem cov pej xeem, keeb kwm ntawm grapes yog tiag sob, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm qhia ntau txog tiag kiv cua ntawm no kab lis kev cai.
Yog hais tias koj sib tham txog cov txiv hmab "Bazhena", ces nws yuav tsum tau hais thiab nws cov neeg sau - tus naas ej breeder amateur V.V. Zagorulko, uas raws li ib tug ntawm hla ntau yam "khoom plig ntawm Zaporozhye" thiab "Arcadia" tsim lub piav daim ntawv hybrid.
Niaj hnub no, qhov chaw ntawm no grape yog heev thoob plaws, nws yog pom ntawm ob qho chaw amateur thiab industrial.
Cov pub leejtwg ntawm xws li tej chaw nyob nyob rau hauv lub saj thiab fertility ntawm no daim ntawv no, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm uas yuav ua ib tug tiag tiag dai kom zoo ntawm tej lub rooj. Qhov no grape tseem zoned dav, uas facilitated tsis tsuas yog los ntawm nws zoo stability, tab sis kuj los ntawm lub adaptability ntawm nws seedlings.
Ib me ntsis txog bunches ntawm grapes "Bazhena": dab tsi yog qhov txawv thiab dab tsi yog lawv lub ntsiab zoo
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm daim ntawv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nws cov pawg. Nyob rau hauv ntau piav qhia lawv yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus nyiam thiab loj heev.
Qhov nruab nrab, qhov loj ntawm ib pawg tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 0.7 rau 1.5 kilograms, uas yog deb ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm "Bazheny".
Externally, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav txawv los ntawm cov qauv nta: feem ntau yog conical lossis cylindro-conical txhuam, tej zaum txawm nrog me me tis. Lub berries yog muab tso rau pawg ntawm nruab nrab ntom.
Berries grapes "Bazhena" kuj tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mloog, vim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm boast ib tug ncaj loj loj. Lawv cov qhabnias tsis zoo sib npaug li cov nram no: ntev - 4.2 centimeters, dav - 2.3. Xws li qhov loj me me qhia tau hais tias qhov ovoid zoo nkauj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no. Lawv hnyav hauv nruab nrab ntawm 10 mus rau 15 gram.
Lawv peculiar thiab txawv feature yog xim daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lub saj ntawm no grape yog heev nthuav, vim hais tias nrog nrog sib raug zoo harmonious saj lawv muaj ib tug yam ntxwv tsuas high-zoo aroma.
Lub berries kuj muaj ib tug zoo Sweet, vim qab zib accumulates nyob rau hauv lawv heev qualitatively. Lawv cov cev nqaij daim tawv yog cov nqaij fleshy, nrog ib tug high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm kua txiv, nws yog heev qab ntxiag thiab kev sib tw thaum noj mov. Nws kuj yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov berries yog heev nyias, yog li ntawd, noj, tsis cuam tshuam qhov saj ntawm grapes.
Cov tawm los ntawm hybrid daim ntawv Zagorulko: tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub fruiting thiab lub sij hawm ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo harvesting "Bazheny"
Nws ua kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo heev, nws tawm los yog ruaj khov thiab siab. Nws tej zaum fruitfulness kuj zoo heev thiab muaj xws li ib tug muaj zog quab yuam ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Bush, zoo heev kom loj hlob ntawm cov tua raws li yuav luag tag nrho ntev, raws li tau zoo raws li lub peev xwm ntawm vines rau rau loj pawg.
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tsuas yog ib pawg yog tsim ntawm ib tug tua, tab sis rau lub hom phiaj ntawm nce qhov loj ntawm lub berries, ib txhia growers pom zoo kom tawm hauv txhua txhua tsib tua fruitless, uas yog, rationing sau.
Rhuab ib ncig ntawm lub grapes "Bazhena" ntawm nws tus kheejvim hais tias nws muaj ib tug bisexual paj. Yog li, nws suab tsis muaj teeb meem nrog fruiting los yog nrog pea berries, tshwj tsis yog nyob rau hauv heev xyoo phem.
Qhov zoo dua ntawm qhov piav qhia ntawm grapes yog nws lub sij hawm luv luv rau ripening txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov nroj tsuag sij hawm ntawm Bush "Bazheny" tag nrho kis rau 100-110 hnub.
Nyob rau hauv haiv neeg rau no grape Poltava cheeb tsam neeg kom loj hlob ntawm lub berries pib los ntawm thawj ntawm lub yim hli ntuj. Qhov no tso cai rau koj loj hlob nws txawm nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug nyab xeeb, raws li nyob rau hauv central Russia.
Cov npe ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov grapes "Bazhena"
- Loj pawg thiab cim saj ntawm berries, uas muab lawv zoo coj mus muag zoo.
- Luv caij nyoog ripening.
- Lub zog ntawm kev loj hlob thiab maturation ntawm tua yog zoo heev.
- Zoo pollination vim muaj cov paj nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm ob leeg.
- Qhov yooj yim ntawm reproduction ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no daim ntawv no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm uas yog lub zoo heev rooting ntawm nws cuttings.
- Qhov zoo ntawm lub "Bazhen" txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau kev thauj mus los, tab sis daim tawv nqaij ntawm nws cov berries yog heev nyias. Berries khov kho nyob rau stalk, tsis txhob crumble thaum tuav.
- Daim ntawv no tiv taus lub ntsiab ntawm cov kab mob fungal, uas muaj xws li mildew thiab oidium.
- Grey rot bushes tsis cuam tshuam dab tsi.
- Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob grapes nyob rau hauv suburban cheeb tsam thiab cov loj grape plantations.
Grapes "Bazhena" thiab nws cov minuses: forewarned, thiaj li tiv thaiv
Nws yog ntseeg hais tias daim ntawv no ntawm grapes insufficiently resistant kom tsawg lub caij ntuj no kub, txawm hais tias nws vine yog muaj peev xwm zam Frost rau -21ºС yam uas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, lub bushes ntawm grapes "Bazhena" yuav tsum chaw nkaum rau lub caij ntuj no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais hluas bushes thiab seedlings. Adult bushes yog them nrog ib tug zaj duab xis, nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, tua yuav tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev them nyiaj yug thiab khiav nkaum cai rau hauv av.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub bushes ntawm no grape tsis resistant rau phylloxera. Vim li no, lawv tsis tuaj yeem cog rau ntawm lawv tus kheej cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas nws cov pests muaj tshwm sim lawv tus kheej, yog tom qab tshem tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam ua ntej no, tsawg kawg 2-3 xyoo tsis tau dhau.
Ntxiv thiab, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv koj muaj ib tug ntshaw kom propagate raws nraim "Bazhen", nws yog qhov zoo dua rau graft nws cuttings mus rau rootstocks ntawm resistant ntau yam, los yog mus yuav twb grafted seedlings.
Nws tseem yog nyiam kom nyeem txog liab txiv hmab
Yuav ua li cas propagate thiab cog vines: cov lus teb rau tag nrho koj cov lus nug
Yog hais tias koj yeej tsis tau ntsib kev ua vaj tsev los yog viticulture, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom xav li cas rau propagate no qoob loo. Tab sis feem ntau, nws yuav tsis siv koj ntau ua hauj lwm thiab lub sij hawm. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog kom paub tias txoj kev twg rau koj yuav zoo tshaj plaws rau propagate lub grapes thiab nyob rau hauv uas ib feem ntawm koj qhov chaw koj yuav cog nws chastely.
Yuav ua li cas los tsim kev pom zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug grape Bush: xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv koj qhov chaw
Zoo li lwm yam nroj tsuag, "Bazhena" txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum muaj ntau tshav ntuj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev txawm tias cov chaw ntawm koj qhov chaw uas tau pom illuminated by lub hnub ib nrab hnub yuav tsis ua hauj lwm. Vim li no, nroj vines tsuas yog sab sab qab teb, nyiam dua tom qab lub tsev, uas yuav tseem pab raws li ib tug Bush tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua.
Sib npaug tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev sib tham thiab lub struts. Qhov tseeb yog nyob rau hauv cov lowlands thiab lub hav feem ntau txias cua flows yuav stagnate, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau stability ntawm vine thiab nws tsim tau. Yog li, sim nrhiav ib qhov chaw tsawg kawg ntawm me ntsis nce.
Nyob rau hauv xaiv cov av rau grapes kuj yuav tsum tau ceev faj. Ntawm qhov no, nyob rau hauv no hais txog, grape bushes muaj peev xwm loj hlob nyob rau stony xau thiab av, tab sis nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si peb tsis muaj peev xwm cia tus huab ntug - dawb huv av nplaum los yog dawb huv pob zeb.
Ntawm chav kawm, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau no ntau yam yuav dub av, tab sis on clay nrog li niaj hnub to top hnav khaub ncaws thiab cov av noo noo, zoo tshwm sim yuav ua tau.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov txiv hmab yog qhov tob ntawm hauv av. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov piav qhia ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm ib tug tob ntawm txog 5 meters, txij thaum lub hauv paus system ntawm no grape hlob heev thiab tau ntxuav tawm los ntawm lawv.
Raws li lub tswv yim dab tsi yog grape bushes cog?
Rau txhua txhua hom thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj nws cov kev cai rau cog hauv kab. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua Bush yuav tsum tau muab txaus qhov chaw mus pub lub keeb kwm thiab loj hlob tua. Txij li thaum lub "Bazhena" vine muaj ib qho kev loj hlob zoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tawm qhov tsawg kawg 5 meters thaum cog nws nyob rau hauv ib tug kab ntawm bushes. Yog li, tsis tsuas yog cov tshuaj uas sau los saum toj no yuav raug tua, tab sis lub voj voos yuav tsis ntxoov lwm yam nrog lawv cov zaub ntsuab.
Nyob rau hauv tib rooj plaub, yog tias koj yuav cog ob peb kab ntawm vines, ces nruab nrab ntawm lawv koj yuav tsum tau ua kom ib tug sib txawv ntawm txawm 6 meters.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub sij hawm zoo rau cog vines?
Ua ke nrog lo lus nug no nws yog feem ntau tham txog dab tsi lub sij hawm ntawm xyoo nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cog grapes: nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog Autumn. Yuav kom tsis txhob zais ntawm koj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, peb yuav teb cov lus nug ob nqe lus nug.
Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog seb tus txiv hmab yog cog hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav los yog caij nplooj zeeg tsis yog. Txhua lub sij hawm nws muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Lub sijhawm ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog ntawm grapes muaj peev xwm heev ncav, vim hais tias nyob rau lub sij hawm no ob qho tib si saplings (cov uas tau raug fwm txij li thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav) thiab ntsuab (lawv feem ntau zus los ntawm cuttings, cog rov qab nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub nrog av) cog.
Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav zoo tshaj plaws yog zoo dua, thiab nyob rau hauv ob - txawm thawj hnub ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog uas yog lub peev xwm ntawm seedlings kom nce lub zog thiab nce lub zog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshiab rau ntau dua stability ua ntej lub caij ntuj no frosts.
Autumn cog feem ntau yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub kaum hli ntuj. By lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv lub nurseries ntawm seedlings lawv feem ntau muab rau muag, thiab tseem grape cuttings yuav tua tau nws tus kheej.
Lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li cov xwm txheej hauv koj cheeb tsam: koj tsis tas yuav cog thaum ntxov, vim tias qhov sapling los yog txiav yuav pib loj hlob, uas yog tsis txaus ntseeg vim yog cov cua txias, tab sis nws yuav yog qhov txaus ntshai cog cov kab lis kev cai no lig dhau lawm.
Cog txiv hmab "Bazhena" nrog seedlings: dab tsi koj yuav tsum paub?
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tsis txhob nco qab yog qhov yuav tsum tau npaj ntawm qhov pit ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej ncaj cog cog ntawm ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedling. Ib txwm nyob hauv lub qhov dej ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm fertilizer yog pw, uas yuav tsum tau sag thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cog lub seedling.
Nyob rau hauv kev, 2-3 thoob ntawm humus yog pw nyob rau hauv ib tug aub tsiv nrog ib tug tob thiab dav ntawm txog 80 centimeters, thiab pob zeb hauv av fertilizers me me (superphosphates, potash ntsev, nitrogen). Tag nrho cov no yog tov nrog fertile av thiab poured rau hauv ib lub qhov. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug npaum li cas, chiv yuav puas lub seedling lub paus system, lwm txheej ntawm av xav tau kev tov tshaj nws, tab sis tsis muaj lawv.
Thaum lub sij hawm sinking ntawm chiv, koj yuav ua li cas yuav thiab kev npaj ntawm seedlings. Tshwj xeeb yog ua tib zoo saib, xaiv nws, koj xav tau mus rau lub keeb kwm. Lawv cov xim zoo yog dawb, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav ib lub yub nrog lub hauv paus cuav uas tsis zoo, txawm tias tus neeg muag khoom txaus siab rau koj tias nws tuaj yeem rov qab tau hauv dej.
Txo cov hauv paus txheej txheem rau hauv dej Sapling ua ntej cog yog tsim nyog, tab sis nws tsis muaj peev xwm revive qhuav keeb kwm. Qhov no yog ua kom thiaj li paub meej tias lub sapling yog pub nrog tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm ya raws, uas yuav tsum txaus rau nws kom txog thaum nws pib mus rau ntawm nws tus kheej nqus nws los ntawm cov av.
Thaum cog nws tus kheej, ib sapling nyob rau hauv ib tug pit tee tsuas yog mus rau theem ntawm nws paus ntseg tsho, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob them los ntawm nws txawm nrog yav tom ntej sinking ntawm av.
Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau bury lub qhov kev qeeb thiab maj mam, yog li ntawd raws li kom tsis txhob puas lub hauv paus system thiab thiaj li hais tias airbags tsis nyob ze nws.
Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm no txheej txheem, koj muaj peev xwm ncuav ib ob peb liv dej rau hauv aub tsiv, uas yuav compact cov av. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tiav ntawm cog lub sapling nws ib zaug ntxiv plentryly watered. Ze rau ntawm seedling yuav tsum tsav ib propthiaj li hais tias thaum nws loj hlob nws yuav tsis creep. Nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob hnov qab los npog cov av nrog ntxhuab los yog sawdust.
Yuav ua li cas yog txiv hmab txiav?
Rau ib tug zoo grafting ntawm grape cuttings, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas kom npaj nws. Raws li peb tau hais lawm, cuttings yog harvested nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, by txiav lawv tawm ntawm vine.
Qhov siab ntev ntawm txiav - 2-3 ob lub qhov muag. Qhov qis ntawm nws yuav tsum tau txiav tawm. Tab sis nws yog kev txiav tawm tsuas yog los ntawm ob sab thiaj li yuav tau txais ib qho npoo, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tog mus rau hauv kev faib ntawm cov Tshuag.
Yuav kom ntev lub zog ntawm kev txiav, nws yog immersed nyob rau hauv dej thiab kev loj hlob stimulators paus ua ntej inoculation. Tsis tas li ntawd feem ntau pom zoo siv quav ciab cuttings, ua tsaug rau qhov uas tsim cov khoom ya tuaj ntev ntev.
Kev npaj ntawm lub rootstock muaj xws li tshem lub qub Bush, tshem lub txiav-tawm cheeb tsam sab laug tom qab no 10-centimeter hemp, thiab splitting lub Tshuag nws tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas qhov kev cais no tsis sib sib zog nqus, txwv tsis pub koj tuaj yeem ua puas tag nrho cov Tshuag.
Raws li tau hais lawm, lub txiav yog txo qis rau hauv no cais thiab nruj nreem clamped los ntawm tying lub rootstock nrog ib hlua los yog ruaj khov. Lub qhov muag yuav tsum tau zoo heev lubricated nrog kev pab ntawm av nplaum, uas yuav khaws tag nrho cov khoom ntawm txiav thiab Tshuag kom txog thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov accretion. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov tib manipulations yog nqa tawm, raws li nrog tsuas yog ib lub cog seedling.
Vine Care: Yuav Tsum Muaj Dab Tsi Thiab Thiaj Li Qhov Tsob Nruab Nrab No?
- Grapes hlub noo noo, uas nws xav tau kev pab rau kev loj hlob thiab rau tsim ntawm qoob loo. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, lub vine bushes yuav tsum tau tau watered thaum lub sij hawm lub Bush nkag lub loj hlob rau lub caij thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub pouring ntawm berries. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis nco qab txog Bush nyob rau hauv drought.
- Los txuag ya raws nyob rau hauv cov av rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, nco ntsoov muab nws nrog mulch. Lub tom kawg yog feem ntau siv ntxhuab los yog sawdust, uas yog twb blackened.
- Fruiting vine Bush tas yuav tsum muaj zog ntxiv rau qoob loo. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, nws yuav tsum tau noj tsis tu ncua nrog kev pab ntawm chiv uas tau siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj lub qhov taub.
- Txhua lub xyoo, nco ntsoov qhib tua, txo txhua ntawm lawv los ntawm 6-8 lub qhov muag. Lawv muaj peev xwm raug txiav tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm "pw" ntawm lub Bush, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg los yog heev thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cuttings yuav tau harvested.
- "Bazhena" hais txog npog cov ntaub ntawv, yog li ua ntej lub caij ntuj no, tsis txhob hnov qab tu lub vaj tse ntawm koj lub hav zoov.
- Txawm tias qhov tsis ua haujlwm zoo, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau piav txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv feem ntau yog tuav 3 zaug nyob rau hauv ib lub caij, ib txwm ua ntej flowering ntawm Bush thiab tom qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo rau cov tsos ntawm phylloxera, mus nqa tawm kev ntsuas rau nws cov kev tiv thaiv.
