Nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws hauv Europe, cov lus "Cherry" thiab "Sweet Cherry" yog txhais tib yam nkaus. Thiab tsis muaj dab tsi txawv nyob rau hauv no, vim hais tias lawv muaj feem rau txhua lwm yam. Tab sis txawm xws li sib txuas ntawm haiv neeg tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm hloov qaub cherries rau hauv qab zib cherries.
Sweet Cherry yuav pom tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov gardeners on lawv qhov chaw. Xyoo tawm, cog breeders tau tsim ntau ntau yam sib txawv ntawm Sweet cherries rau cultivation nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow thiab lwm thaj tsam ntawm Russia.
Peb yuav qhia txog qee yam ntawm lawv tom qab, thiab peb kuj yuav qhia txog cov nqe lus ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab cov qauv ntawm txhua qib.
Kev piav qhia ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm Sweet cherries: lawv ripening, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv
Fertile av thiab kom tshav ntuj thiab tshav kub tuaj yeem tsim nyog tuaj yeem cog ntoo. Tab sis txias cheeb tsam ntawm Moscow tsis haum rau nws, thiab yog li ntawd cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim tshiab, txias-resistant ntau yam. Cov feem ntau nrov xws li: Bryansk Rose, Iput, Fatezh, Tyutchevka, Revna.
Bryansk liab cherry, yog dab tsi?
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Bryansk liab cherries yog medium loj los ntawm 4 mus rau 6 grams. Lawv muaj cov duab puab, ntsuas txog 20-22 hli inch. Cov xim ntawm berries yog pinkish, thiab lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog yellowish. Sab hauv muaj pob zeb xim av, hnyav 7-8% ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm cherries. Qhov loj thiab tuab ntawm qia yog nruab nrab. Lub saj ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog Sweet thiab muaj kua.
Qhov no ntau lig ripening. Fruiting tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 4-5 xyoo ntawm tsob ntoo. Nws yog ib qho qoob loo ntawm tus kheej, uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov pollinators. Flowering ntoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum May. Ripening tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub Xya hli ntuj. Qhov nruab nrab yield yieldes txog 78 c / his, tab sis qee zaus ntau dua.
Tsob ntoo tsis siab li, kwv yees li 2-2.6 m, nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ceg ntoo. Muaj raum ovoid lossis oval. Cov nplooj ntawm tsob ntoo yog ntsuab thiab loj. Nyob rau hauv lub inflorescence muaj 3 me me paj, pistil thiab stigma nyob rau hauv tib theem, lub khob yog nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib khob, lub sepals tsis muaj serrations. Qhov ntev ntawm cov stamens thiab pistils yog siab.
Fruiting ntog nyob rau hauv lub bouquet twigs. Tua tawm los ntawm xim av Cherry nrog ib tug grey Bloom.
Qhov no ntau yam ntawm Sweet Cherry muaj ib tug rho tawm: tsis muaj peev xwm rau tus kheej-pollination. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kom txaus ntshai, vim hais tias muaj lwm cov ntoo uas ua rau pollinate tsob ntoo, xws li xws li ntau yam xws li "Iput", "Tyutchevka", "Revna". Rau lub ntsiab kev ua tau zoo muaj xws li:
- High tolerability ntawm lub caij ntuj no txias.
- Qab zib cherry yog resistant mus rau fungal kab mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv no ntau yam.
- Xaus weakly cuam tshuam rau cov berries ntawm tsob ntoo.
- Nws ua kom muaj tsheb thauj mus los ntev ntev.
- Berries tsis keej thaum rainy thiab ntub huab cua.
Cultivar Iput, nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo hnyav nruab nrab ntawm 5.2-5.5 grams. Tus duab ntawm berries yog puag ncig, nrog qhov loj me: dav, qhov siab, tuab yog txog 20-22 hli. Cherry burgundy xim, thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho kom loj hlob dub yuav luag dub.
Nws muaj khov thiab luv luv. Muaj ib tug pob txha txog 0.3 grams ntawm qhov nyhav, lub teeb xim av nyob hauv cov xim, kuj zoo sib cais los ntawm lub pulp. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog zoo nkauj heev nyob rau hauv tsos, muaj kua thiab qab zib, lub qia los ntawm uas nws los tawm zoo heev.
Qhov no Cherry qab zib yog hais txog thaum ntxov ntau yam ntawm maturation. Fruiting pib ntawm 4-5 xyoo. Zoo li yav dhau los ntau yam, nws yog tus kheej-tsim, yog li ntawd yuav tsum muaj ntau hom pollinator. Flowering tshwm sim heev thaum ntxov. Tus txheej txheem ntawm qhov kawg maturation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub rau hli ntuj. Cov qoob loo ntawm cov ntoo yog 80 centners ib hectare, thiab nyob rau hauv ib txhia xyoo nws nce mus txog 145 centners ib hectare.
Cov kab lis kev cai yog heev siab nyob rau hauv qhov siab ntawm txog 3.5-4 meters. Lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo yog heev ntom thiab ntau-leaved, thiab muaj lub duab ntawm ib tug pyramid. Buds oval, loj. Cov ntawv txheeb muaj ntau dua elongated thiab tsaus ntsuab hauv xim, thiab tseem muaj ob chav serration.
Paj nyob rau hauv lub inflorescence 3 kuj 4, dawb. Stamens thiab pistils yog sib luag rau tib theem. Lub sepals tsis muaj serrations. Qhov ntev ntawm pistils thiab stamens yog sib npaug. Nyob rau hauv lub bouquet ceg los fruiting.
Rau lub rho tawm ntawm no ntau yam, thiab raws li mus rau yav dhau los ib tug, yog nws tsis muaj peev xwm rau tus kheej-pollinationuas yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov pollinator ntoo.
Cov txiaj ntsig Qhov ntau yam yog:
- Nws tolerates lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts.
- Zoo zoo yog ib qho tsis haum rau cov kab mob fungal.
- Txhua txhua xyoo muab ib qho zoo thiab sim qoob loo.
- Lub buds ntawm no hom ntawm ntoo kuj tolerate heev txias huab cua.
- Qhov no ntau yam ntawm Cherry Sweet belongs rau lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm ripening.
- Ib qho ntxiv yog qhov tseeb tias lub pulp ntawm berries yog ntom.
- Nws muaj kev thauj zoo.
Nws tseem yog interesting mus nyeem txog Autumn pruning ntawm Sweet Cherry.
Lub ntsiab sib nrauj ntawm qab zib Cherry "Fatezh"
Qhov siab ntawm cov ntoo ncav ib tug siab kawg nkaus ntawm 3-4 meters. Muaj ib tug sparse crown ntawm ib tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib lub pob, ceg kis tawm. Cov nplooj yog feem ntau loj, taw, ntsuab los yog tsaus ntsuab, ib me ntsis ci. Buds yog tsis sib txawv los ntawm lwm yam ntau yam ntawm cov tsiaj. Muaj ntau lub paj nyob rau hauv lub inflorescence, uas yog cov dawb.
Qhov no ntau yam ntawm Sweet Cherry yog medium-lub sij hawm rau qhov kom loj hlob ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Koj tuaj yeem sim thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv tsib xyoo ntawm tsob ntoo lub neej. Nws tsis pollinate nws tus kheej, yog li ntawd ntau yam ntxiv ntawm pollinators yog yuav tsum tau, uas Bloom nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raws li lub Cherry. Rau zoo dua pollination, koj muaj peev xwm siv zib mu tov.
Lub sij hawm flowering ntawm tsob ntoo ntog hauv nruab nrab los yog pib ntawm lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj. Qhov kawg maturation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hlis ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj. Cov qoob loo los ntawm ib tsob ntoo yog 50 kg ib xyoos, uas yog heev me me.
Berries yog medium loj, weighing 4-5 grams. Ib-seem, sib npaug cherries muaj ib tug reddish-yellowish xim. Cov nqaij yog heev muaj kua, cais ntawm lub pob zeb zoo heev. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm qia tuaj tawm zoo. Pob zeb yog 5-6% ntawm tag nrho qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lub saj yog yeej los ntawm Sweet thiab qaub sau ntawv.
Dab tsi yog ntsig txog tsis zoo no cov qab zib Cherry:
- Muaj tsis muaj peev xwm rau tus kheej-pollination; rau qhov no, lwm haiv neeg yog flowering tib lub sij hawm raws li tsob ntoo ntoo.
- Cov huab cua tsis zoo.
- Qhov no hom ntawm Cherry Sweet heev tsis zoo lub xub ntiag ntawm weeds, yog li koj yuav tsum tau tas li ntxuav rau saum txheej ntawm av.
Yuav zoo yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo no muaj xws li cov nram no:
- High frost tsis kam.
- Qhov no Cherry qab zib yog ib tug high-yielding ntau yam.
- Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj dej ntau.
- Qhov no ntau yam yog resistant mus rau xws li cov kab mob ntawm fungus raws li: moniliosis thiab coccomycosis.
- Cherry muaj ib qho kev nthuav qhia zoo.
- Tsob ntoo no zoo nkauj kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm koj lub vaj.
- Lub ripeness ntawm berries kuj yog ib tug zoo zoo.
Txawv txawv ntau yam ntawm Tyutchevka cherries Yuav ua li cas yog nws nta, zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm no kab lis kev cai?
Tsob ntoo no muaj tsawg kawg nkaus hauv cov ntoo. Lub buds yog me me, medium loj, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug cone. Cov nplooj, ntse mus rau sab saum toj thiab lub semi-dawb nplooj, yog ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab tsis ntxhib nyob rau saum npoo. Petioles yog tuab thiab luv, uas muaj cov qog pigmented. Qhov siab ntawm tsob ntoo yog qhov nruab nrab, ib tus neeg yuav hais tsis yooj yim.
Nyob rau hauv txhua lub inflorescence thaum blooming muaj 4 paj, lub npoo muaj cov duab ntawm ib tug saucer, lub petals kov ib lwm, lub anthers yog nyob rau tib theem, lub calyx yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug iav iav, lub taw ntawm lub sepals yog tsis tuaj. Pistil thiab stamens ntawm tib lub sijhawm.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhov ceeb thawj ntawm kev sib tham ntawm Sweet Cherry txawv ntawm 5.2 grams mus rau 7.5 grams. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm berries yog 20-23 mm, dav npawv. Nws yog tsi ntsees los ntawm xim liab liab los yog burgundy nrog me me dots. Nws muaj ib nrab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntev ceg. Pob zeb, taw rau saum, hnyav txog 0.31-0.32 grams, lub teeb xim av xim. Los ntawm lub pulp yog cais txhua zaus. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog xim liab zoo. Lub berries yog heev zoo nkauj, Sweet thiab muaj kua.
Cherry blossoms lig dhau lawm, yog li ntawd, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen zoo li. Tsob ntoo pib coj thawj cov berries nyob ib ncig ntawm thib tsib xyoo ntawm cog. Siab tawm los nws yog 97 centners ib hectare, thiab nyob rau hauv heev high-yielding nws ncav cuag 270 centners ib hectare. Qhov no kab lis kev cai yog nws tus kheej-pollinated.
Qhov no kab lis kev cai tsis muaj qhov txawv txawv, tshwj tsis yog tias berries nyob rau hauv huab cua ntub yuav tawg tab sis tsis yog ib txwm, uas yog zoo heev rau nws keeb kwm thiab yog ntxiag gardeners.
Zoo sab Cherry "Tyutchevka", sau lawv nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no ib theem zuj zus:
- Cherry muaj lub zoo thauj, uas tso cai rau kev thauj mus los ntev-ntev.
- Resistant rau ntau cov kab mob uas yuav tua tau tsob ntoo no.
- Qhov no ntau yam yog nws tus kheej-pollinating, uas zoo heev cuam tshuam lub tawm los, tab sis yog hais tias muaj ntau pollinators, nws yuav tsis mob.
- Cherry "Tyutchevka" yog ib qho siab-yielding ntau yam.
- Berries muaj ib tug Sweet, muaj kua saj.
- Nws tolerates lub caij ntuj no txias.
Thiab lub xeem ntau, uas peb piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, yog hu ua "Revna"
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam feem ntau yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov loj; tsis muaj me me berries los yog loj loj uas mus txog 5 grams. Tab sis muaj qee qhov uas nyhav txog 8 grams. Dav dav hloov, nrog kaum tsib millimeter qhov siab thiab tuab, thiab 20 hli dav.
Tus duab ntawm cov berries yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug dav funnel nrog ib puag ncig sab saum toj. Cov xim tswv yim yog burgundy thiab yuav luag dub ntawm tag nrho kom loj hlob. Lub pulp ntawm Berry yog maub liab, heev ntom. Qhov ntev ntawm lub qia yog nruab nrab. Cov pob txha los ntawm lub pulp cais zoo, muaj ib lub teeb xim av. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo Sweet Cherry "Revna" heev muaj kua thiab qab zib.
Qhov no yog cherry qab zib pib nws cov fruiting ntawm 4 los yog 5 xyoo ntawm tsob ntoo lub neej. Flowering pib nyob rau hauv ob ib nrab ntawm lub May, tab sis lub berries ripen lig, nyob rau hauv lig Lub rau hli ntuj los yog thaum Lub Xya hli ntuj.
Qab zib cherry yog nws tus kheej-pollinated, tab sis ntxiv pollinators xws li Raditsa, Venyaminova, Iput thiab tsuas zoo heev rau cov yield. Lub siab tshaj plaws tawm los tau raug muab tua ntawm 110 c / his, thiab nyob nruab nrab li 75 c / his.
Tsob ntoo loj hlob sai, nruab nrab qhov siab, lub crown yog tsis heev lush nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug pyramid. Tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub bouquet ceg ntawm tsob ntoo. Cov nplooj yog nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib qho oval, tsaus ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim, lawv cov tawv nqaij yog tuab, qhov ntev ntawm lub petiole yog luv luv. Lub inflorescence yog yeej los ntawm 4 dawb paj, saucer-puab, uas yog nyob dawb dawb los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Pistils thiab stamens ntawm tib lub sijhawm. Zoo li yav dhau los ntau yam, qhov stigma ntawm pistil yog nyob rau hauv xws li ib qhov siab raws li lub anthers.
Tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo uas peb tau tham txog.
Zoo yam uas kuv xav tham txog:
- Thawj zaug uas kuv xav hais yog qhov siab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv tsos thiab saj buds.
- Qhov ntau yam mob siab thauj mus los ntev ntev.
- Lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntawm no kab lis kev cai yog heev siab.
- Yeej, txawv kab mob ntawm fungus tsis cuam tshuam rau kab lis kev cai no.
- Sunburn suab tsis cuam tshuam rau tsob ntoo.
Tsaws Moscow cheeb tsam cherries: qhia tag nrho cov secrets
Tag nrho cov ntoo Cherry, tsis muaj kev zam, kev hlub fertile av thiab hnub ci. Av nyob rau hauv uas nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau cog rau kab lis kev cai no yog loam thiab sandstone, thiab qhov chaw yuav tsum tau calm. Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog uas nyob rau hauv koj lub caij ntuj sov tsev loj hlob ntau ntau yam ntawm cherries los yog cherries ntawm tib ripening lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau cov ntoo kom pollinate txhua lwm yam.
Tsaws Sweet Cherries nyob rau hauv Moscow Region yuav tsum tau ua rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo. Los npaj cov av rau cog, koj yuav tsum paub hais tias cov kab rov tav ntawm cov ntoo nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm 30-80 cm, thiab feem ntsug ntawm qhov 2 m. Yog li, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv yuav ua cov nram qab no: ua cog plowing siv qhov ntawm qhov chaw.
Lub qhov khawb av yog ib feem peb tau sau nrog av sib tov ntawm cov av thiab chiv. Ua ntej yuav tsaws rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov tso rau sab sab. Tom qab ntawd, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov taub, lawv ua ib lub me me, muab tso rau ntawm lub pob zeb, thiab muab tso rau lub tsho, tom qab ntawd tso lub qhov tsoo, tso 5-6 cm saum toj npoo.Thaum kawg ntawm cog, dej thiab mulch hauv av.
Qhov yuav tsum tau nyob deb nruab nrab ntawm seedlings yuav tsum yuav 3-5 meters. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom muaj kev sib txig sib luag ntawm lawv, txij thaum ntawd los ces cov ntoo hlob tuaj yuav ntxoov ntxoo.
Ntaav tu rau cherries loj hlob nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow: sib tham txog dej, pruning thiab fertilizer, thiab zoo li yuav tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag
Cov qoob loo no tsis zoo heev rau cov nroj tsuag, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ua tas li kev ntxuav ub ua si nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov qoob loo ntawm cov noog, cov qoob loo yuav tsum tau them nrog ib lub vaj zaub tshwj xeeb.
Cov ntoo siv ntau yam kab mob fungal, tab sis kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv raug coj mus rau qhov muaj kev tiv thaiv: kev txiav cov kab mob, siv cov sterile pruners, yooj yim digging ntawm cov av txhua txhua xyoo, txau nrog ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Watered cov hom ntoo tsis tshua muaj, pib peb zaug ib lub caij nyoog.
Cog cog ntawm cherries ntawm ntau hom nroj tsuag tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm lub caij ntuj no frosts. Tsis tas li txhua txhua lub caij nplooj zeeg koj yuav tsum tau tsob ntoo nrog cov ntawv dawb thiab thaum caij ntuj no rau spud daus kom lawv tsis khov.
Rau pub cov ntoo siv kua manure, raws li tau zoo raws li chiv rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab Berry cov qoob loo. Tsuas yog ntawm lub cev ntawm lub chiv tsis tau, thiab tom ntej no.
Txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav koj xav tau kom tsob ntoo, tshem kab mob, qhuav thiab tawg ceg. Kuj yog caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg kom ua kom zoo li lub pob zeb.
