Lo lus "gruzd" txhais los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic txhais tau tias "heap".
Tsis muaj lub sijhawm lawv tau txais lub npe ntawd.
Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm nyob rau hauv Russia, Mushroom pickers sau lawv carts thiab salted nyob rau hauv tej kas poom.
Txhua hom kev sib koom ua ke sib koom ua ke xws li: concentric rings ntawm lub hau yog pom thiab qhov hloov cov kev hloov nrog kev loj hlob ntawm fungus - ua ntej nws yog convex thiab ces funnel-puab nrog cov sawv khoov duav.
Lawv muaj rau hauv fungi. Cov phiaj yuav muaj xim sib txawv, nyob ntawm seb yam twg, thiab mus rau ceg. Tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawm taum mog yog koom hauv cov genus Mlechnik (Latent Lactarius) ntawm tsev neeg Syrushage (Latina Russulaceae).
Koj puas paub? 32.2% cov protein muaj nyob hauv cov kua mis qhuav - qhov no yog ntau tshaj qhov nqaij. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhuav daim ntawv, mis nyuj nceb tsis siv vim hais tias ntawm lub bitterness ntawm milky kua txiv.
Noj su (Lactarius resimus)
Xyoo 1942, tus kabmob microbiologist Boris Vasilkov tau kawm txog hom kab ntses liab, piav qhia txog lawv, thiab hu ua dawb ntsev dawb ib lub nceb noj vim hais tias nws yog suav los ntawm cov neeg. Txawm hais tias kom txog thaum lub sij hawm no, kua txob kua txob raug hu ua tam sim no. 
Nws hlob nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Volga, nyob rau hauv Urals, nyob rau hauv Siberia. Lub kaus mom nyob rau hauv lub cheeb ntawm 6-25 cm, dawb los yog yellowish, me ntsis nplaum. Nws zoo li hloov, thiab nyob hauv nws yog dawb daim hlau. Cov npoo ntawm lub hau yuav tau them nrog ib tug fluff, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm hom no.
Leg 3-9 cm siab, cylindrical, dawb los yog yellowish, khoob nyob nruab nrab. Lub cev ntawm lub fungus yog dawb, nrog ib tug milky kua txiv nyob rau ntawm lub break, uas hloov nws cov xim rau daj-grey thaum interacting nrog cua. Qhov tsis hnov tsw zoo heev rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsw. Qoob loo qoob loo los ntawm Lub Xya Hli mus txog lig Cuaj Hlis Ntuj nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab tov hav zoov nyob ze ntawm lub birch ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv Russia, dawb mushroom yog suav hais tias yog tus huab tais ntawm nceb thiab yog noj, nyob rau hauv Western Teb chaws Europe nws yog suav hais tias yog inedible. Txij li cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj dej iab, nws yog tsau ua ntej yuav ua noj ua haus, rhaub kom ntev, tom qab uas nws yuav siv rau ntawm lub xiav xiav.
Hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj, cov kua mis tiag yog siv los kho cov mob urolithiasis thiab lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm.
Squish daj (Lactarius scrobiculatus)
Hais rau cov kab tsim nyog hom kab. Loj hlob nyob rau hauv coniferous los yog birch forests ntawm Eurasia nrog ib tug huab cua sov. 
Lub kaus mom yog 6-28 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, Golden daj, tus. Cov duab ntawm lub cap hloov raws li lub nceb loj hlob. Daim hlau nrog xim av me ntsis yuav muab tso rau ntawm nws sab sab. Cov ceg hlob nyob rau hauv qhov siab txog li 12 cm, nrog ci daj grooves, muaj zog, nplaum, tab sis sab hauv nws yog npliag. Lub pulp ntawm fungus yog dawb, tab sis hloov daj on ib so. Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib yam tseem ceeb. Qhov tsis hnov tsw tsis muaj zog tab sis qab ntxiag. Prefers kom loj hlob on limestone xau.
Nws yog noj tom qab soaking thiab boiling. Rau kev kho mob nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm decoction los ntawm cholelithiasis.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Av qeeg cov tshuaj mycorrhiza nrog birch, ua tsaug uas nws tau txais dej ntau thiab lwm yam minerals, thiab nws yog los ntawm tsob ntoo carbohydrates, amino acids thiab phytohormones.
Peppermint (Lactarius piperatus)
Cov khoom noj feem ntau pom muaj nceb nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam thiab hav zoov-steppe cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. 
Cov kua txob kua txob khaws tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub nra, tab sis nws muaj cov nta. Lub hau yog 6-18 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, creamy-dawb, tej zaum them nrog reddish me ntsis. Qhov chaw muaj velvety nto, tab sis tsis muaj concentric rings. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog dawb, ntom, ntawm pob txha nws tawm ntawm lub kua txig, uas, thaum interacting nrog huab cua, ua olive-ntsuab, thiab pulp ua bluish-xiav.
Lub saj ntawm ntsim kua txob nceb, thiab tsis hnov tsw zoo li rye qhob cij. Leg mus txog 8 cm, dawb, ntom nrog ib tug me ntsis wrinkled saum npoo. Thaum loj hlob tuaj nws tau txais ib qho ntsuab los yog reddish tint. Nyob rau hauv lub hau, cov phiaj yuav nqaim, nqis los ntawm cov ceg ntawm cov xim dawb, creamy xim. Yog cov paib puas ntsoog, lawv tau npog nrog daj thiab xim av.
Kua txob loj hlob nyob rau hauv deciduous los yog tov forests los ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj thiab cov ntaub ntawv mycosis nrog Oak, birch thiab spruce. Nceb siv rau salting, pickling, los yog nyob rau hauv ib lub pounded qhuav qhuav es tsis txhob kua txob.
Qhov no yog siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob raum, tus kab mob gallstone, tuberculosis, Ntxiv mus, conjunctivitis. Milky kua txiv tshem tawm warts.
Aspen Chest (Lactarius controversus)
Hom kab no tseem hu ua boarder poplar lossis aspen. Luam hlob nyob rau hauv sov aav ntawm thaj chaw kub ntxhov. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lawv yog massively pom nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Lower Volga cheeb tsam. 
Hais rau qhov xwm txheej tau vim yog muaj cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm qhov nceb yog zoo li tam sim no, tab sis nws yog qhov txawv ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub cap ntawm daj ntseg pinkish me ntsis thiab liab plates nyob rau hauv nws. Milky kua txiv yog dawb ntau thiab acrid, nws tsis hloov xim ntawm ib so.
Tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm cov chaw - aspen thiab poplar forests. Cov tsiaj no loj dua li lwm tus, nws lub hau yuav loj hlob mus txog 30 cm inch. Nws muaj nqis tsawg tshaj cov milkworms yog dawb thiab daj, tiam sis nws nrov rau nws cov kab loj heev.
Ripening gruzdya aspen tshwm sim nyob rau hauv hauv av, li ntawd lub kaus mom yog yeej ib txwm ntau ntawm av. Cov ntaub ntawv mycorrhiza nrog willow, aspen, poplar. Harvesting siv qhov chaw ntawm lig Lub yim hli ntuj mus rau lub kaum hli ntuj thaum ntxov. Pulp gruzdya aspen dawb, taus, ntom nrog ib tug cwj pwm fruity tsw. Siv qhov kev pom no tsuas yog rau cov tshuaj pleev.
Cheese parchment (Lactarius pergamenus)
Cov tsiaj no yog cov khoom noj tau haus. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov mixed nyob rau hauv ntau pawg. 
Lub parchment cap yog mus txog 10 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, muaj ib tug dawb tsos nqaij daim tawv, uas hloov mus rau yellowish nrog kev loj hlob ntawm fungus, lub saum npoo yog wrinkled, nws yuav ua tau tus. Muab tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv ntawm kev thau khoom. Lub pulp ntawm fungus yog dawb nrog ib tug milky Sap uas tsis hloov xim thaum tawg. Nyob rau hauv lub taub hau phaj yellowish xim. Cov ceg ntsa mus rau hauv qab, ntev, dawb.
Nws muaj kev zoo sib thooj nrog rau qhov kev xa xov hauv transverse, tab sis nyob rau qis dua thiab ntsis ntsws me ntsis. Harvesting yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj-Cuaj hlis. Siv rau salting nrog pre-soaking.
Bluish (Lactarius glaucescens)
Rau cov pab pawg neeg dawb grujdy nqa ib nplhaib grudge, zoo li ib tug parchment grudge. Cov hom no hlob zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab hav zoov ntawm Eurasia. Ib tug feature ntawm tus tsiaj yog lub xub ntiag ntawm daj-grey me ntsis rau saum npoo ntawm lub hau. Tag nrho lwm cov lus piav qhia yog tib yam. 
Milky kua ntsev gruzdya bluish sai sai curtailed on ib so thiab ib me ntsis ntsuab. Qhov no ua rau nws zoo li cov kua txob. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj no rau cov neeg nceb muag tsis tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov tsiaj, zoo li, tab sis kuj muaj mus rau conditional nceb nceb. Thiab cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj poisonous ntxaib.
Cov ntaub ntawv mycosis tsuas yog nrog cov ntoo uas txiav txim siab. Qoob loo qoob loo los ntawm Lub Xya Hli mus rau Cuaj Hli. Nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus, siv tsuas yog rau pickling.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Vim hais tias ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kua txiv mis nyuj, cov mis nyuj muaj nce qis los ntawm cov kab tsuag. Yog xav tau tshem ntawm nws bitterness, mis nyuj nceb yuav tsum tau soaked: dawb taum taum - ib hnub, dub - ib ob peb hnub. Dej hloov peb zaug ib hnub thiab ntsev ntxiv rau nws.
Dub Lactarius necator
Mushroom dub nceb mus raws li cov khoom noj. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov cim qhia sab nraud yog zoo li tag nrho cov mis nyuj. 
Lub hau hauv kab yuav muaj txog li 20 cm tsaus ntsuab txiv ntsej muag lossis tsaus xim daj hauv xim nrog qhov tsaus ntuj hauv qhov chaw. Cov nqaij yog tuab, dawb, dawb, hloov nws cov xim rau grey thaum tawg. Milky kua txiv yog caustic, plentiful. Ob txhais ceg yog tib xim nrog lub hau.
Lub fungus cov ntaub ntawv mycorrhiza nrog birch thiab hlob zoo nyob rau hauv toog forests. Ntxawm ntawm Lub Xya Hli Ntuj txog Lub Kaum Hli. Nws yog siv rau salting, kis tau ib xim liab-burgundy xim.
Blueblind (Lactarius repraesentaneus)
Cov tsiaj no kuj tau txais lub npe ntawm cov muzzle ntawm tus dev los yog daj daj daj. Faib nyob rau hauv thaj chaw temperate thiab arctic ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab tov forests. 
Lub hau yog 7-20 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, tuab, daj nyob rau hauv cov xim nrog lub zog concentric ib ncig, shaggy nyob rau hauv sawv. Cov nqaij yog dawb, ntom, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ntawm cov pa cua tau txais xim liab, tab sis tsis muaj ntau. Cov phiaj yog nqaim, daj daj daj rau xim thiab daim ntawv tsaus nti yog tias puas tsuaj. Ob txhais ceg yog daj ntseg daj hauv xim li 10 cm siab, khoob hauv sab, tig xiav ntawm so.
Cov ntaub ntawv mycosis nrog birch, willow thiab spruce. Harvesting yuav siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj thiab Lub kaum hli ntuj. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm hom no yog tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau deduced los ntawm nws tshwj xeeb tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm nce cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob.
Qhov ze tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib thooj yog daj ntsev, nws yog qhov txawv ntawm qaim daj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev kho mob siv cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob kev xiam hlwb. Nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus, haum rau salting, pickling, frying tom qab boiling.
Oak ntoo (Lactarius insulsus)
Ntoo qhib yog cov tsis tshua muaj hom kab mob thiab tseem hu ua cov ntoo qhib ntoo qhib. Nws muab tag nrho cov cim ntawm chaw thau khoom thiab muaj xim liab los yog xim daj-xim txiv kab ntxwv. 
Cov pa nyob rau hauv daim ntawv loj yog dav thiab nquag. Puab taw yog tawm xim dawb lossis liab dawb. Lub pulp ntawm fungus yog ntom, cream-xim. Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog dawb, tsis plentiful, tab sis acrid, nrog ib tug txiav tsis hloov xim.
Zoo li cov pob txha aspen, cov tsiaj no muaj nyob rau hauv av, yog li ntawd nws yog yus lub xub ntiag ntawm lub hauv av. Belongs mus rau lub nce tau nceb nceb.
Nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus siv rau pickling. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv hav zoov ntawm broad-leaved tsiaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv mycosis nrog Oak, hornbeam, beech. Harvesting yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj mus rau lub kaum hli ntuj thaum ntxov.
Cov qhob cij los yog violin (Lactarius vellereus)
Lub npe grudge creak tau txais vim hais tias ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom txawv teb chaws, nws luam tawm ib yam ntxwv creak. Ntau zaus nws kuj yog hu ua spurge. Hom pob kilj no yog cov khoom noj khoom haus uas tsim nyog thiab pom tias qhov hnyav tshaj. Faib hauv Lavxias, Belarus. Nws zoo li ib tug dawb dais, tab sis nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. 
Npoo kab tawm mus txog rau 24 cm, tej zaum yuav tau ib tug yellowish tint. Leg mus txog 7 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab mus txog 5 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm hom kab no yog hloov hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov kua qaub kua txiv tom qab ziab ntawm dawb mus rau reddish. Dawb nqaij ntawm pob txha ua xim ntsuab-daj. Cov phaj nyob rau hauv lub hau yog ntau tsawg dua cov cov kua txob yaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv mycorrhiza nrog aspen thiab birch. Luam hlob nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab tov forests nyob rau hauv loj pawg. Harvesting yog nqa tawm ntawm lub yim hli ntuj mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj. Hauv kev ua noj, nws yog siv rau salting, li cas los xij, no hom ntses liab ua xiav thaum nws yog salted. Hauv kev saj, qhov tsaus muag yog tsis zoo rau cov neeg dawb.
Koj puas paub? Biologically active tshuaj, uas muaj nyob rau hauv sludge, muaj: diuretic kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm urolithiasis; antibacterial action nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam tuberculosis; immunomodulatory teebmeem; activating nyhuv (qhib nco, ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, plab zom mov); normalizing txiav txim nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm lub poob siab system, ntshav qab zib.Thaum nkag siab txog hom hav dej, txhua tus yuav tsum txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej: mus txuas ntxiv cov kab lis kev cai ntawm qee haiv neeg thiab txaus siab rau lawv tus saj los yog xa cov nceb mus rau hauv cov nceb, raws li lawv xav nyob rau sab hnub poob.
