Qee tus neeg nyiam kom loj hlob lig ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab lwm tus zoo li thaum ntxov, lawv nyuam qhuav haum Bulgaria.
Nws yog ib qho ntawm lub rooj grapes nrog ib tug tsis hnov tsw tsw thiab ib qho txawv muscat tsw.
Raws li tus yam ntxwv, nws muaj peev xwm poob me ntsis mus rau lwm tus, piv txwv li, nws tus kab mob tsis kam yog tsis siab tshaj, tab sis nws yog zoo heev rau kev ua vaj tse, thiab nws kev thauj mus los yog khov.
Nyob rau hauv no, Bulgaria yog tsis inferior mus rau yav tom ntej thiab ntau Frost-resistant ntau yam.
Kev piav qhia ntau hom Bulgaria
Nruab nrab lossis vigorous vine nrog loj toothed nplooj, nquag mus tshaj nrog txhuam thiab nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm sib sau pruning. Valery Voevoda, Crimson thiab Lia kuj muaj lub zog ntawm kev txhawj xeeb.
Lub berries yog loj, loj tshaj ib tug tsib-ruble npib. Lawv lub luj yog kwv yees li 5-6 grams, lawv yog cov dawb, thaum muaj kub hawj tshwm ntawm ob sab sab hnub ci, muaj xim liab dawb.
Cov duab yog puag ncig los yog kheej kheej. Cov tawv nqaij yog ntom thiab crispy, yuav luag tsis tau muaj thaum noj nqaij nyoos. Ib tug heev qab ntxiag thiab muag heev muscatel yuav appealing rau connoisseurs. Cov nqaij yog ntom, fleshy thiab muaj kua.
Saj yog cov qhabnias siab tshaj plaws. Qab zib cov ntsiab lus yog siab, 17-18%. Kev txhuam yog cylindrical, nws yuav ua tau ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm 400 mus rau 1500 gram. Nyob ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev kho mob. Ripening lub sij hawm yog luv luv - 110-125 hnub, uas yog, nws yuav twb ripen nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub yim hli ntuj.
Zog zoo tshaj kuj yog qhia los ntawm Ruta, Velika thiab Princess Olga.
Kua txiv xaiv
Lub npe ntawm ntau yam qhia tias nws lub tebchaws yog keeb kwm.: Bulgaria yog los ntawm Bulgaria. Nyob rau hauv no ntau yam, breeders ua ke qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo ntawm nws ob "txiv" - Yantar thiab Ltalis.
Yam ntxwv
Grape ntau yam Bulgaria muaj ib nrab-theem tawm los coefficient - 0.8. Lub paj yog bisexual, thiaj li hais tias txhuam yog ntom, yam uas tsis muaj voids. Ua ke nrog loj loj thiab loj loj berries, qhov no muab cov txhuam ib qhov muag zoo heev.
Moldova, Ladanny thiab Twm tso tawm hauv cello ntawm paj.
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias Bulgaria tau raug coj los tu hauv ib qho chaw sov so, qhov tsis muaj qhov loj heev frosts thiab txias tuaj es tsis tuaj lig, dhau ib feem ntau ntawm ib ncig ntawm Russia lub vine ntawm no ntau yam tsis xav tau vaj tse.
Nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus kub txog -22, -25 degrees. Tsis tas li ntawd ib qho ntawm zoo zoo ntawm Bulgaria yog qhov tseeb tias ib tug zoo kom loj hlob ntawm lub tua tso cai rau lawv mus rau lub caij ntuj no npaj txaj, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov ciaj sia taus ntawm cog thaum lub sij hawm lub caij txias.
Qhov Nyiam, Viva Hayk thiab Rosalind ntau yam muaj tib yam ntxwv.
Tab sis dhau li qhov zoo, qhov no muaj ntau nws cov drawbacks.
Lub hauv paus system, uas yog tsis dhau muaj zog thiab resistant mus rau cov kab mob thiab cov pests, yuav ua rau lub vines rau drought los yog drought.
Qhov no yog daws los ntawm grafting; Bulgarian cuttings noj cag zoo rau Shasla thiab Berlandieri cov cag. B. Ib qho teeb meem loj dua tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev mob ntawm tus kab mob fungal.
Diam duab
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, daim ntawv teev cov pests nyob rau hauv Bulgaria coincides nrog daim ntawv teev cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txiv hmab ntawm tag nrho cov txiv hmab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm raug hu ua:
- tly filloxera,
- grape txaj,
- grape mining moth,
- nyob zoo
- ntau yam mites,
- thrips,
- worm.
Yuav kom tshem tau ntawm lawv, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kho cov kab mob kis nrog kab tshuaj. Niaj hnub no txhais tau hais tias kev tua muaj mob tua cov kab mob hauv lub cev, tab sis tib lub sij hawm tsawg tshaj plaws rau cov tsiaj, tab sis, tseem ceeb, nws tseem ceeb heev kom nco ntsoov tias Bulgaria tuaj ntxov ntxov, thiab nrog tu los kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov.
Yog hais tias cov kua txiv hmab txiv nqus parasites tseem rov tawm cov nroj tsuag thaum lub sij hawm ripening ntawm berries, koj muaj peev xwm siv pej xeem tshuaj: Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm haus luam yeeb nplooj, ntoo tshauv, kua iodine. Muaj ntau yam tsis zoo, lawv tsis tshua muaj mob thiab tsis nyob hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov kab mob muaj peev xwm ua rau kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis qhov tseeb scourge ntawm Bulgaria yog mildew, los yog cuav powdery mildew. Zoo li feem ntau European ntau, nws tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv rau nws.
Tsawg tsis kam mus rau tus kab mob no, uas yog tsuas yog 5-7 ntsiab lus, muaj peev xwm coj tau ntau ntawm teeb meem mus rau lub grower, thiab txawm tsis pub nws ntawm nws sau.
Puas fungus leathery berries tsis haum rau cov khoom noj los yog rau kev ua kua txiv, jam los yog cawu cub, thiab thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev, lub vine nws tus kheej los poob ntau zog thiab tuag.
Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob yooj yim dua kev cawm tau cov nroj tsuag uas twb muaj cov kua mis los ntawm nws lub cev.
Qhov no yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kev kho mob nrog cov phaj nyoos nyob thoob plaws hauv lub caij cog qoob, tu los yog plowing los poob txiv hmab txiv ntoo nplooj, thiab lub tswv yim kom zoo - nyob rau hauv qhov chaw blown, thaum cov nroj tsuag tau sib cais los ntawm cov kab dav, lub fungus yog cov nyuab dua rau kis.
Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj kab mob xws li anthracnose, bacteriosis, chlorosis, ntau hom rot, kab mob cancer.
Tsis tau pom qhov muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib txawv, nws tseem ceeb tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj qhov zoo tagnrho, thiab qee cov qaug zog cov ntsiab lus tsis yog vim li cas yuav muab xaus rau ntau yam thiab tshem nws tawm ntawm daim ntawv npaj rau cog hauv koj lub vaj tsev.
Nrog tiv thaiv kom zoo los ntawm cov fungus grapes, Bulgaria yuav generously them rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub grower nrog lossis loj delicious berries ripening ntxov tshaj lub berries ntawm ntau lwm yam ntau yam, thiab incredibly txaus nyiam nyob rau hauv tsos.
