Txog ntau yam Saperavi Kuv tuaj yeem xyuam xim hais tias qhov no yog qhov paub tshaj plaws ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnub no.
Zoo siab heev hauv lawv lub teb chaws, nyob hauv Georgia, raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntau yam rau cawu cub ntau lawm.
Nws muaj ib qho txaus nyiam heev thiab qab kawg.
Dab tsi yog hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo?
Saperavi - Ib qho zoo kawg txiv hmab txiv ntoo grape ntau yam. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua liab khoom qab zib thiab cov pob txha muaj zog, tab sis nrog kom txaus maturity yuav consumed tshiab.
Lub saj thiab zoo ntawm cawu cub tsim ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm loj hlob ntawm grapes.
Saperavi - Qhov no yog feem ntau ntau hom qaum teb, tsis yog npaj rau nruab nrab latitudes. Prefers ib tug zoo-moistened, tiam sis tsis swampy av, nrog ib tug tsawg ntsev thiab txiv qaub ntsiab lus. Nws hlob zoo nyob hauv cov huab cua sov.
Ntawm cov caw ntau yam, Rkatsiteli, Merlot thiab Tempranillo yog cov kuj paub ntau.
Ntau yam piav qhia
Saperavi yog ntau yam siab. Cov nplooj yog cov loj, sib npaug, lub teeb ntsuab, pubescent.
Lub ripening ntawm vine yog zoo yuav luag rau nws tag nrho ntev. Paj bisexual, tsis tau tshwj xeeb pollination.
Cardinal, Aladdin thiab Lily ntawm Valley yog qhov txawv ntawm ob lub ntsej muag paj.
Pawg yog me, friable, conical, tab sis me ntsis shapeless, hnyav li 90-110 g.
Cov berries yog medium-loj, maub xiav, npawv, nrog ib tug me waxy waxy bloom, weighing txog 4-6 grams, nws nquag pea. Nyob rau hauv txhua Berry, 2-3 loj noob.
Cov nqaij yog heev muaj kua, melting, nrog cov ntsiab lus qab zib qab zib thiab tuab liab dawb kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Daim tawv nqaij yog nyias, tab sis theej ntom.
Cov ntsiab lus qab zib muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm Delight White, King Ruby thiab Kishmish 342.
Diam duab
Cov duab ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Saperavi" muaj qhia hauv qab no:
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Lub sij hawm ntawm nws cov tsos tsis paub rau tej yam.
Qhov no muaj ntau lub npe: Didi Saperavi, Dyer, Saperavi Kakhet. Nws yog zoned nyob rau hauv Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, Azerbaijan thiab cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Russia. Nyuam qhuav pib loj hlob nyob rau hauv Uzbekistan, qee cov European lub teb chaws thiab Amelikas.
Nrog nws kev koom tes, ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb tshiab tshiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam, piv txwv li, Saperavi NorthTsim kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev kub siab thiab txawm txias huab cua.
Yam ntxwv
Saperavi belongs rau lig ntau yam. Los ntawm cov tsos ntawm buds rau ripening berries dhau txog 140-160 hnub. Differs nyob rau hauv high productivity thiab nruab nrab lub caij ntuj no hardiness. Tiv thaiv frosts tsis qis dua-20C.
Bull Eye, Manicure Finger thiab Regent kuj muaj lub caij nyoog qeeb dua.
Sab qab teb ntawm thaj chaw loj hlob, qhov zoo dua qhov sau. Nws loj hlob zoo nyob rau lub teeb, unsalted xau, nrog zoo lub teeb thiab niaj zaus watering. Saperavi berries tau nyob twj ywm rau ntawm vine rau ib ntev lub sij hawm uas tsis poob nws saj.
Wine los ntawm no ntau yam nyhav txhim kho nrog lub hnub nyoog. Cov hluas cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ntse thiab tsis qab ntxiag heev, tab sis tom qab 4-10 xyoo ntawm kev laus nws hloov dramatically.
Nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm Saperavi undemanding. Thaum pruning, 40-50 ob lub qhov muag yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm ib lub hav txwv yeem los yog 9-10 lub qhov muag ib qho tua. Qhov loj tshaj tawm los tau tsuas yog los ntawm ib tug neeg laus, 10-15-xyoo-laus nroj tsuag.
Ntawm qhov unpretentious ntau yam yuav ua tau distinguished Aleshenkin dar, Delight Muscat thiab Giovanni.
Qhov ntau yam Saperavi tsis ruaj tsis khov rau qee cov kab mob fungal, thiab feem ntau tawm tsam kab tsuag.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Feem ntau Saperavi suffers los ntawm mildew, oidium thiab grey rot. Nws tsis yog raug tua los ntawm ib nplooj. Qhov ntau txaus ntshai Kab Tsuag rau Saperavi - paus thiab nplooj ntoos phylloxera.
Qhov ntau yam yog yooj yim heev kom loj hlob, raws li tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev ntsuas.
Mildew yog ib qho phom sij txaus ntshai.tshwm rau ntawm nplooj thiab tua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub teeb daj me ntsis. Kev ua haujlwm nrog tus kab mob uas twb muaj lawm yuav tsis yooj yim.
Nws yog zoo dua los mus tiv thaiv nws tshwm sim los ntawm meej weeding thiab Txau nrog Bordeaux sib tov ua ntej thiab tom qab flowering, thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub ripening ntawm berries. Nrog rau kev saib xyuas kom zoo, tus kab mob no tsis zoo yuav zam tau.
Oidium kis cov nplooj, paj thiab txiv quav ntswv, thiab qhia nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm tsaus grey me ntsis nrog ib tug unpleasant putrid tsw. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus yuav cov nroj tsuag mus rau tus kab mob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom zoo qhov cua ntawm Bush thiab ua ntu kho nws nrog ib tug daws ntawm colloidal sulfur.
Txau yog nqa tawm tsawg kawg yog 4 zaug hauv ib lub xyoo.
Yog hais tias koj tsis ua raws li kev tiv thaiv, koj muaj peev xwm poob tsuas tsis sau, tab sis kuj tag nrho vineyard.
Grey rot feem ntau tshwm hauv kub huab cua nrog high humidity, thiab ua rau kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau qoob loo. Ob nplooj thiab berries yog cuam tshuam.
Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob - qhov zoo li ntawm hmoov av dawb. Txoj kev cawm dim ntawm kev nplawm no yuav tsis tu ncua kev kho mob ntawm Bush nrog ib tug daws ntawm poov tshuaj iodide los yog ci dej qab zib. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob feem ntau txaus siab rau nitrogen tshuaj, koj tuaj yeem tsis pub cov thickening ntawm Bush thiab waterlogging.
Txhob tsis quav ntsej txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob xws li anthracnose, bacteriosis, chlorosis thiab rubella.
Rau Saperavi, feem ntau txaus ntshai Kab Tsuag yog phylloxera. Phylloxera paus cuam tshuam lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Pom zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog nws tsis tau.
Qhov tsuas yog kev xaiv los mus tiv thaiv kev tuag ntawm tag nrho cov vineyard yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm puas bushes thiab quarantine rau tsaws rau 3-4 xyoo.
Nplooj ntoos phylloxera tsis muaj tsawg mob, tab sis koj tuaj yeem tua nws. Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm phylloxera tshwm: tus tsim ntawm yam ntxwv o ntawm lub underside ntawm nplooj thiab muaj ib tug me me ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm larvae.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, raws sij hawm tshem tawm ntawm nplooj nplooj puas thiab kev kho mob nrog fungicides yuav pab tau.
Saperavi North
Sab Qaum Teb Saperavi - Cov Kev Caw Cov Quav, uas tshwm sim raws li ib tug ntawm hla txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam Saperavi thiab North. Lub ntau yam muaj peev xwm muaj zog.
Qhov no kuj muaj ntau yam hluas tau txais nyob rau hauv 1947 Lavxias teb sab breeders Ya I. Potapenko, E. Thiab Zakharova thiab kuv P. Potapenko.
Lub ntsiab qhov txawv ntawm niam txiv ntau yam yog nce Frost tsis kam thiab tus kab mob tsis kam. Qaum Teb Saperavi tau withstand ib poob hauv t mus rau-30C thiab zoned nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine thiab Russia.
Nws tuaj yeem cog txawm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog ib qho kev nyab xeeb hnyav, raws li muaj kev tiv thaiv vaj tse rau lub caij ntuj no.
Grades Richelieu, Rusven thiab Tshiab Xyoo tshiab muaj kev tiv thaiv ua kom zoo.
Lub shrub yog medium tuab, pawg yog me me, friable, nrog me me berries ntawm ntom xiav xim. Tus sau yog high thiab ruaj khov, tag nrho ripened nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Cuaj Hli.
Qhov ntau yam tsis zam drought thiab yog xav tau nyob rau hauv cov composition ntawm cov av.
Nrog rau tsis txaus watering nquag mus rau shedding berries.
Saperavi North yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm mildew thiab grey pwm, tab sis nws tsis ruaj tsis khov rau oidium.
Nres phylloxera thiab feem ntau cov kab tsuag ntawm cov txiv hmab tsis raug cuam tshuam.
Yog hais tias ntau yam Saperavi yuav zus tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug heev huab cua sov thiab raug rau tej yam kev mob, ces tus Northern Saperavi yog zoo meej rau ib lub caij ntuj sov tsev nyob rau hauv central Russia.
Saperavi thiab Saperavi North - zoo ntau yam, los ntawm uas lawv tau txais ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj kua txiv thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
