Tsi ntawm pears Chizhovskaya yog ib qho ntawm nyiam tuaj ntau yam ntawm pears on North-West, Central cheeb tsam thiab Nroog Volga thaj tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws.
Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug huab cua sov, qhov no ntau, uas muaj ib tug universal lub hom phiaj, yog zoo tsim. Nws yog siv tshiab, siv rau canning, ua compotes thiab jams.
Xyuas ntawm gardeners qhuas koj thiab koj tseem xav ib tug pear ntau yam Chizhovskaya loj hlob nyob rau hauv koj lub vaj, tab sis Koj xav paub txog:
- Yuav ua li cas pears cog los yog tu rau?
- Thaum twg nws siav?
- Thaum twg sau qoob los ntawm pear (i.e. thaum mus sau txiv hmab txiv ntoo)?
- Cov kab mob dab tsi yuav ua rau nws?
- Cov tshuaj tsw qab nws xav tau dab tsi?
Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, tom qab no tsab xov xwm no yog rau koj: ntawm no koj yuav pom ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm Chizhovskaya pear ntau yam, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab lwm yam ntxwv.
Cov pears hais txog dab tsi?
Tsi teev rau hauv lub Xeev Sau txij thaum xyoo 1993 thiab yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov nyob rau hauv Moscow cheeb tsam, Vladimir cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Samara.
Pear Chizhovskaya high-yielding ntau yam, nws yog tsim nyog los sau txiv hmab txiv ntoo lig lub caij ntuj sovthaum tsis txhua pear tau thov koj nrog nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Siab yields kuj boast: Duchess, Fairy, Bere Bosk, Bere Russkaya thiab Uralochka.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Tshaj li cas ntawm pear ntawm no pear nyob rau hauv Moscow Academy ntawm Timiryazev ua hauj lwm S.T. Chizhov thiab S.P. Potapov. Lawv siv cov qub Belgian ntau yam ua cov niam txiv cov ntaub ntawv. Hav zoov kev zoo nkauj thiab pear Olga, bred thaum lub sij hawm lub npe nrov Far Eastern breeder A.M. Lukashov.
Tib yam ntau yam rau nws txhais tes: Kupava, Perun, Lel, Rogneda thiab Sverdlovchanka.
Txoj kev zoo nkauj tom hav zoov tau muaj ntau yam tshiab nrog nws cov khoom zoo: ntxiag saj thiab undemanding mus rau tej yam kev mob ntawm cultivation.
Los ntawm Olga Chizhovskaya inherited ib qho zoo heev lub caij ntuj no hardiness thiab muaj peev xwm los tawm tsam scab, high fruitnessness.
Cov ntau yam tshuav nws lub npe rau ib qho ntawm cov sau phau ntawv, Sergey Tikhonovich Chizhov, tom qab uas lawv lub npe hu ua pear.
Txawm tias qhov no, cov neeg siv tau hloov lub npe ntawm ib pear, Chizhovskaya ntau yam, thaum nws lub npe tsis yog: pear Chizhevsky, Chizhevskaya.
Tab sis koj yuav tsum lo rau lub npe tseeb nyob rau hauv honour ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov sau phau ntawv - Sergey Tikhonovich Chizhov. Yam tsawg kawg ntawm kev hwm rau no breeder.
Qhia ntau yam Chizhovsky
Xav txog qhov txawv ntawm tsob ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tsob Ntoo
Pear Chizhovskaya muaj daim ntawv medium siab tsob ntoo 2-2.5 meters siab. Cov tsob ntoo hluas muaj ib tug nqaim crown, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm fruiting nws ua pyramidal los yog conical.
Cov degree ntawm foliar cov ntsiab lus yog heev tob crowns - nruab nrab los yog siab dua nruab nrab. Shtamb muaj xim tsaus xim, ceg me ntsis ntais. Fruiting ntoo on kolchatka.
Cov ceg tawv muaj nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm vertically. Cov nplooj yog me ntsis curved, lawv cov tuab thiab ntev ncav cuag qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov tua yog xim liab-xim av, them nrog qee zaus cov qis nruab nrab ntawm cov qoob loo, yuav luag tsis towering saum nws qhov chaw. Lub internodes tsis ntev los yog nruab nrab nyob rau hauv loj, tsis muaj pubescence.
Lub khob-puab puab yog xim av xim dub thiab muab tso rau ntawm cov ceg ntoo.
Cov koog ntawm cov qe oob khaus yog pleev xim rau hauv cov xim uas muaj xim daj, hnov qhov muag raws li txoj hlab plawv.
Qhov nruab nrab thickness ntawm nplooj muaj ib tug dav dav hlau ntawm lub phaj nrog ib tug ua tiav tsis muaj hairiness.
Lub paj ntawm Chizhovsky pear yog dawb, lub petals yog calyx-puab. Cov thyroid inflorescences muaj xws li 5-7 paj.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Nta ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo:
- luj txog 120-140 grams;
- pear nto du thiab matte;
- raug pear-puab, qee zaum ob sab;
- lub ntsiab pear xim ntsuab nrog ib tug daj tint, lub coverlip yog weakly qhia, tsuas yog qee zaus muaj lub teeb pinkish blush;
- axial kab noj hniav nrog lub plawv oval wide;
- nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo 5-10 medium-qhov loj qhov me xim av ripen;
- lub pulp ntawm pears yog lub teeb daj, yuav luag dawb, medium juiciness, ib nrab-oily qauv, yaj hauv lub qhov ncauj, qab ntxiag tshiab saj;
- nruab nrab theem ntawm suab thaj yog 9%, acidity - 0.45%.
Diam duab
Yam ntxwv
Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm fruiting pear Chizhovskaya nkag mus rau 3-4 xyoo. Qhov no txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsi tu ncua, muab txhua xyoo 50-60 kg txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm ib tsob ntoo laus. Pears tsis inclined rau crumble, thiab poob rau ntawm daim ntaub npog, tuaj yeem dag txog ib lub lim tiam tsis tau poob nws cov khoom.
Pears muaj high quality coj mus muag: zoo nkauj tsos, impeccable saj. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov zoo thauj thiab zoo khaws cia.
Cov nram qab no ntau yam tau boast ntawm zoo heev saj: Yakovlevskaya, Krasulya, Cov me nyuam, Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya thiab Talgar kev zoo nkauj.
Ntawm qhov kub ntawm + 1, + 2 degrees lawv tej zaum yuav mob siab txog 4 lub hlis. Chizhovskaya pear muaj ib txwm ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj hnub nyoog zooQhov no yog ib qho pom tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam.
Kom tsis txhob muaj hnub nyoog sib tsoo pears, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv sij hawm tawm tsam kev laus tiv thaiv kev laus. Lawv ua nws nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej pib SAP khiav. Kwv yees li ntawm lub sijhawm no yog lub Peb Hlis.
Ntau yam muaj high degree ntawm Frost tsis kam. Tsis muaj cov neeg mob khov ntawm cov ntoo hauv nruab nrab.
Tseem qib zoo ua rau lwm cov kev mob nyuab siab: tsis muaj noo noo, high kub lub caij ntuj sov.
Txij li thaum no ntau yam yog yuav luag tus kheej-infested, qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinators rau Chizhovskaya pear: Rogneda, Severyanka, Lada.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Cog pears ntau yam Chizhovskaya yuav tsum tau av nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog me ntsis acidic av. Yog hais tias lub acidity ntawm cov av yog siab dhau lawm, ces nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ntxiv txiv qaub.
Nyob rau hauv cov av nrog ib tug alkaline ras txog yog xav kom ntxiv Tshuaj Ntsev thiab ntsev ntau dua: lawv yuav acidify cov av thiab ntxiv mineral ntsiab lus rau nws.
Qhov qhia txog ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau ua ob peb lub hlis ua ntej npaj cog ntawm seedling, thiaj li hais tias lawv yog txaus yaj neej nyob rau hauv cov av.
Tsaws me me: meter inch thiab ib nrab ntawm qhov tob. Lub qab ntawm fossa yuav tsum xoob. Ib tug peg yog tsav mus rau hauv lub qhov ua ntej cog, uas lub seedling yog ces khi. Nws nyob rau ntawm sab qab teb sabyog li ntawd nws yuav tsim kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ntawm qia los ntawm kev kub lub hnub.
Incorrectly tsav ib ceg txheem ntseeg tom qab cog ib tug seedling, yog li koj muaj peev xwm ua puas lub keeb kwm. Qhov aub tsiv yog npaj rau 3-4 lub lis piam ua ntej yuav tsaws.
Pear Chizhovskaya cog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg (Lub Kaum Hlis) lossis caij nplooj ntoos hlav (Plaub Hlis) tab sis kev paub gardeners hais tias pear yuav siv sij hawm paus zoo thiab tolerates lub caij ntuj no yog hais tias nws twb cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Keeb kwm poob tsaug zog nutrient av.
Chiv thiab pob zeb ua kua ntsev tsis siv thaum lub caij cog qoob loo kom muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov nroj tsuag.
Tom qab backfilling, cov av yog meej compacted thiab watered nrog ib tug hluas nroj tsuag.
Rau cov dej koj yuav tsum tau siv 1.5-2 thoob dej, uas yog topped li absorbed. Tom qab watering qhov zoo mulch.
Pruning cog nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau qhia nyob rau tshem tawm ntawm qhuav ceg. Kuj tsim thawj shaping ntawm crown, tawm hauv 3-4 loj ceg.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej lub seedling yuav tsum tau niaj zaus watering yog hais tias huab cua yog tsis muaj los nag.
Pristol lub voj voog tsis tu ncua maj, tswj kev txuag mulch.
Ib tug tub ntxhais hluas yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm aphids thiab ants, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los coj kev tiv thaiv.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Cov high school ntawm tsis kam ntawm no ntau yam rau cov kab mob thiab cov pests tau Chizhovskaya Pear heev nrov nrog pib xyaum ua gardeners. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm tsob ntoo mus rau tus kab mob / hnoos qoob loo / lwm cov kab mob fungal yog siab heev. Nws hlob zoo thiab dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj kev kho mob nrog tshuaj tua kab.
Tsis kam mus rau scab yog qhia los ntawm xws li pear ntau yam: Dessert Rossoshanskaya, Osennaya Yakovleva, Marble, Larinskaya thiab Svarog.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub seedling yog tsim nyog tiv thaiv tawm tsam hares thiab sunburn. Ua li no, lub pob tw yog qhwv nrog teeb meem (qub stockings yuav siv tau) los yog khi nrog spruce ceg twigs.
Unpretentious thiab six pear Chizhovskaya tseem yuav tsum tau kov yeej tag nrho cov tshiab cheeb tsam.
Tsis muaj teeb meem nws yog zus nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv Ukraine thiab Belarus.
Zoo heev lub peev xwm ntawm ntau yam mus nyiaj lub caij ntuj no txias muab thaj chaw los txhawb qhov ntau yam nyob rau sab qaum teb sab qaum teb.
Saib ib daim video txog Chizhovskaya ntau yam, nyob rau hauv uas koj yuav paub ntev npaum li cas nws tau ripened, dab tsi ib tug pear zoo li, thiab ntau yam ntxiv:
